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Planets and Transits
Planets and Transits

... The transit of 6 June 2012… Don’t look directly at the Sun (especially not through binoculars or a telescope)! Use eyepiece projection (like Horrocks) or check the NASA webcast (unlike Horrocks). ...
Lecture 3
Lecture 3

... • There are some additional spectral types added - L and T are extremely cool stars; R, N and S for some other special cases. The usual sequence is OBAFGKMRNS and there are some awful mnemonic devices to remember the temperature sequence. ...
Age Aspects of Habitability
Age Aspects of Habitability

... differ significantly from the value calculated from largely uncertain parameters that were, in turn, derived from observables. Indeed, uncertainties in estimates of the equilibrium temperature |δT |/T e are heavily amplified for habitable planets with VC /T e ' 10 − 20 for VC ' 30 − 60 kJ mol−1 and ...
200 Proofs Earth is Not a Spinning Ball!
200 Proofs Earth is Not a Spinning Ball!

... completely with light. As Edgar Allen Poe said, “Were the succession of stars endless, then the background of the sky would present us a uniform luminosity, since there could exist absolutely no point, in all that background, at which would not exist a star.” In fact Olber’s “Paradox” is no more a p ...
A Modern View of the Universe
A Modern View of the Universe

... perspective on cosmic sizes and distances is to imagine our solar system shrunk down to a scale that would allow you to walk through it. The Voyage scale model solar system in Washington, D.C., makes such a walk possible (Figure 1.4). The Voyage model shows the Sun and the planets, and the distances ...
Summer 2004 ISP 205: Visions of the Universe Professor: ER Capriotti Sample Questions
Summer 2004 ISP 205: Visions of the Universe Professor: ER Capriotti Sample Questions

... D. The planets moved relative to the stars. E. None of the other answers is correct. 8. Most Greek astronomers believed that the Earth is immobile because they did not observe A. parallaxes for the stars. B. retrograde motion of the planets. C. stellar motion. D. eclipses of the Sun. E. All of the o ...
В современной астрофизике одной из наиболее
В современной астрофизике одной из наиболее

... Figure 2. The helioseismic waves with a 160.01 min and 5 min. periods on the shell on the Sun. In addition, the general magnetic field similar to that of the Earth was not found on the Sun. This fact also indicates the absence of a dense core in the Sun. However, there are a great number of local ma ...
Sunstruck
Sunstruck

... universe. Recent discoveries have shown, however, that there are many more red dwarf stars than expected. This makes our star brighter than about 85% of all stars. This shouldn’t be taken to mean it is close to the brightest stars out there. In fact, the brightest (and most massive) known star, R136 ...
Think about the universe
Think about the universe

Documentazione sull` osservatorio astronomico di Jaipur ( India
Documentazione sull` osservatorio astronomico di Jaipur ( India

... With a sighting stick or a little shadow stick that is moved along the stairs until the shadow just touches the edge of the quadrant, the distance in degrees of the sun or other stars from the equator can be measured. This method allows the determination to the minute of equinoxes and solstices whic ...
File earth, sun, and moon
File earth, sun, and moon

... 12,714 km 12,756 km 40,008 km 40,075 km 5.98 x 1027 g 5.52 g/cm3 149,600,000 km 23 hr 56 min 365 days 6 hr 9 min ...
Structure of the solar system
Structure of the solar system

... Binary star: two stars that orbit each other around its common center of mass. If you can visually see two stars they are called “visual binaries”, if not they are “spectroscopic binary” (more on that later) and they can also be “eclipsing binary” if one eclipses the other during its orbit. ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... b. Planets reflect light while stars produce their own light. c. Stars move faster in the sky than planets. d. Planets are brighter than stars. ANS: B ...
Mercury 30 million miles from Sun
Mercury 30 million miles from Sun

... makes these cliffs so unique is that no other planet or moon features such a vast number of them. They are thought to be thrust faults created when the planet, as it cooled, shrunk by up to 4 km in diameter. ...
Universal Gravitation In the late 1600`s, Issac Newton noticed an
Universal Gravitation In the late 1600`s, Issac Newton noticed an

... After you complete the homework associated with this lecture, you should be able to: • Explain what is meant by “universal gravitation”. • Accurately describe the gravitational force between two objects, no matter what their separation. • Derive Kepler’s Third Law for orbital motion and use it. • Ex ...
ppt
ppt

... – Because the approximation to the Sun – Because of atmospheric distortion over the horizon • Lacking of observations, astronomers incorrectly decided that Mercury always kept the same face towards the sun in synchronous orbit ...
The loss of nitrogen-rich atmospheres from Earth-like
The loss of nitrogen-rich atmospheres from Earth-like

... its expansion and therefore leads to reduced non-thermal atmospheric erosion due to dense stellar winds or Coronal Mass Ejections (CME’s). Recently, Tian et al. (2008) developed a multi-component hydrodynamic thermosphere model where they could self consistently study the present time Earth thermosp ...
basics of astronomy through role play
basics of astronomy through role play

... for a full revolution around the earth. This is a rough estimate. Normally for moon to come back to the same position on its orbit, the time taken is 27.3 days (sidereal month). In these 27.3 days, the earth moves ahead in its orbit around the Sun. The Moon has to travel some extra distance to come ...
Distance Measures: Parallax
Distance Measures: Parallax

... this background? This is because the center of your eyes are a few centimeters apart from each other, so each eye as a different point of view. Because stars are SO far away, their parallaxes are most conveniently measured in seconds of arc (arc seconds). The angular size of your thumb held at arm’s ...
Distance Measures: Parallax
Distance Measures: Parallax

... this background? This is because the center of your eyes are a few centimeters apart from each other, so each eye as a different point of view. Because stars are SO far away, their parallaxes are most conveniently measured in seconds of arc (arc seconds). The angular size of your thumb held at arm’s ...
ADAS Simple Guide to Telescope Instrumentation and Operation
ADAS Simple Guide to Telescope Instrumentation and Operation

... relatively simple. The objective forms a real image, diminished in size and upside-down, of the object observed. The eyepiece — which, consisting of a converging lens with short focal length, is actually a magnifying lens — enlarges the image formed by the objective. The image observed is however up ...
ASTR 104 - Wagner Homework 1
ASTR 104 - Wagner Homework 1

... 2. A pulsar was observed to have a planetary system orbiting it. Explain why this was a great surprise to astronomers. 3. Explain what we mean when we discuss the event horizon of a black hole. 4. The theory of general relativity has been around for about a hundred years now. Explain why it is so di ...
Jupiter - Mrs Foos, Room 10
Jupiter - Mrs Foos, Room 10

... the Galilean satellites because they were first seen in 1610 by the astronomer Galileo Galilei. In 1979, NASA discovered that Jupiter has a set of rings, which are made up of cosmic dust and other small particles orbiting the planet. However, the rings are too faint to be seen from Earth. ...
From Dust to Planets - International Space Science Institute
From Dust to Planets - International Space Science Institute

... sparked a real revolution. Five years later, over 50 such giant planets have been found (Figure 1). implying that at least 3–5% of all sun-like stars have giant planets. Since this represents only the fraction of stars having planets that could be detected with current instruments, we must conclude ...
The Marine Sextant
The Marine Sextant

... Determination of Observed Altitude (Ho) • These corrections account for – index error (error in the sextant itself) – difference between visible and celestial horizon, due to the observer’s height of eye – adjustment to equivalent reading at the center of the earth and the center of the body – refr ...
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Geocentric model



In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a description of the cosmos where Earth is at the orbital center of all celestial bodies. This model served as the predominant cosmological system in many ancient civilizations such as ancient Greece including the noteworthy systems of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics) and Ptolemy. As such, they believed that the Sun, Moon, stars, and naked eye planets circled Earth.Two commonly made observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe. The stars, the sun, and planets appear to revolve around Earth each day, making Earth the center of that system. The stars were thought to be on a celestial sphere, with the earth at its center, that rotated each day, using a line through the north and south pole as an axis. The stars closest to the equator appeared to rise and fall the greatest distance, but each star circled back to its rising point each day. The second observation supporting the geocentric model was that the Earth does not seem to move from the perspective of an Earth-bound observer, and that it is solid, stable, and unmoving.Ancient Roman and medieval philosophers usually combined the geocentric model with a spherical Earth. It is not the same as the older flat Earth model implied in some mythology, as was the case with the biblical and postbiblical Latin cosmology. The ancient Jewish Babylonian uranography pictured a flat Earth with a dome-shaped rigid canopy named firmament placed over it. (רקיע- rāqîa').However, the ancient Greeks believed that the motions of the planets were circular and not elliptical, a view that was not challenged in Western culture until the 17th century through the synthesis of theories by Copernicus and Kepler.The astronomical predictions of Ptolemy's geocentric model were used to prepare astrological and astronomical charts for over 1500 years. The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but from the late 16th century onward was gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories. Christian theologians were reluctant to reject a theory that agreed with Bible passages (e.g. ""Sun, stand you still upon Gibeon"", Joshua 10:12 – King James 2000 Bible). Others felt a new, unknown theory could not subvert an accepted consensus for geocentrism.
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