The loss of nitrogen-rich atmospheres from Earth-like
... gaseous envelope even if the planet orbits its parent M star within the habitable zone (HZ). However, as shown in Lammer et al. (2007), a high CO2 atmospheric mixing ratio will result in enhanced IR cooling in the thermosphere and inhibits its expansion and therefore leads to reduced non-thermal atm ...
... gaseous envelope even if the planet orbits its parent M star within the habitable zone (HZ). However, as shown in Lammer et al. (2007), a high CO2 atmospheric mixing ratio will result in enhanced IR cooling in the thermosphere and inhibits its expansion and therefore leads to reduced non-thermal atm ...
MS 1512–CB58 - Columbia University Department of Astronomy
... the star formation rate, SFR 40M yr , deduced from the far-UV luminosity L1500 after correcting for a factor of ∼ 7 attenuation by dust extinction. This and other empirical properties we have delineated will provide constraints to future modelling of such superwinds from starburst galaxies. Compa ...
... the star formation rate, SFR 40M yr , deduced from the far-UV luminosity L1500 after correcting for a factor of ∼ 7 attenuation by dust extinction. This and other empirical properties we have delineated will provide constraints to future modelling of such superwinds from starburst galaxies. Compa ...
WORD - Louis Moinet
... The interstellar diamonds contained in the Enstatite EH3 meteorite were formed beyond our solar system well before its estimated birth 4.55 billion years ago. These diamonds, also known as nanodiamonds, were born among interstellar clouds during the explosion of a giant star. The terrible blast wave ...
... The interstellar diamonds contained in the Enstatite EH3 meteorite were formed beyond our solar system well before its estimated birth 4.55 billion years ago. These diamonds, also known as nanodiamonds, were born among interstellar clouds during the explosion of a giant star. The terrible blast wave ...
Space Information Booklet
... out from the Sun (its inner edge is about at the orbit of Neptune, while its outer edge is about twice that diameter). Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) are, as their name implies, objects that originate from or orbit in the Kuiper Belt. Pluto is the only one KBO which was known for more than 60 years. Ma ...
... out from the Sun (its inner edge is about at the orbit of Neptune, while its outer edge is about twice that diameter). Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) are, as their name implies, objects that originate from or orbit in the Kuiper Belt. Pluto is the only one KBO which was known for more than 60 years. Ma ...
Physics: Particles from Space - Advice for Practitioners (Revised
... See http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l2/cerenkov.html . Atmospheric fluorescence When charged particles pass close to atoms in the atmosphere, they may temporarily excite electrons to higher energy levels. The photons emitted when the electrons return to their previous energy levels can ...
... See http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/how_l2/cerenkov.html . Atmospheric fluorescence When charged particles pass close to atoms in the atmosphere, they may temporarily excite electrons to higher energy levels. The photons emitted when the electrons return to their previous energy levels can ...
Exploring Space
... The universe is everything in space—all matter and energy are part of it. Our Milky Way galaxy is just one of more than 125 billion known galaxies in the universe. A fundamental question in astronomy is: how did the universe form? In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed that all of the galaxies he ...
... The universe is everything in space—all matter and energy are part of it. Our Milky Way galaxy is just one of more than 125 billion known galaxies in the universe. A fundamental question in astronomy is: how did the universe form? In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed that all of the galaxies he ...
Unit 1 Space Suggested Time: 21 Hours
... Big Dipper) (ii) Ursa Minor, the Little Bear -(including the Little Dipper) (iii) Orion (including Orion’s belt) ...
... Big Dipper) (ii) Ursa Minor, the Little Bear -(including the Little Dipper) (iii) Orion (including Orion’s belt) ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e
... systematic search for signals from external civilizations was started, but so far without definitive positive results after 50 years. The space observatories gave us new knowledge about the solar system and the world outside. Especially we have obtained a very large amount of new and detailed inform ...
... systematic search for signals from external civilizations was started, but so far without definitive positive results after 50 years. The space observatories gave us new knowledge about the solar system and the world outside. Especially we have obtained a very large amount of new and detailed inform ...
suggested
... complex molecules. Processes involving the effects of ultraviolet irradiation of the thin (hundredth micron) mantles are shown to produce a wide range of molecules and ions also seen in comets. Some of the more complex ones inferred from laboratory experiments are expected to play an important role i ...
... complex molecules. Processes involving the effects of ultraviolet irradiation of the thin (hundredth micron) mantles are shown to produce a wide range of molecules and ions also seen in comets. Some of the more complex ones inferred from laboratory experiments are expected to play an important role i ...
Physical structure of the local interstellar medium
... al., 2000). The analysis of these lines of sight indicates that the physical properties of the G Cloud are different than those of the LIC, with a significantly lower temperature of T ¼ 5900 500 K, compared with T ¼ 7000 500 K for the LIC. The metal depletions are also significantly different. The p ...
... al., 2000). The analysis of these lines of sight indicates that the physical properties of the G Cloud are different than those of the LIC, with a significantly lower temperature of T ¼ 5900 500 K, compared with T ¼ 7000 500 K for the LIC. The metal depletions are also significantly different. The p ...
Herschel
... Herschel related the stratospheric water in Jupiter with the SL9 impacts In July 1994 at least 21 fragments of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted on Jupiter. The water vapour observed in Jupiter by Herschel has been related with those impacts (Cavalié et al. 2013). The PACS maps provide the coverin ...
... Herschel related the stratospheric water in Jupiter with the SL9 impacts In July 1994 at least 21 fragments of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted on Jupiter. The water vapour observed in Jupiter by Herschel has been related with those impacts (Cavalié et al. 2013). The PACS maps provide the coverin ...
The Main Point Comets are
... • Comet nuclei are very dark, typically reflecting < 4% of the incident sunlight (as dark as a charcoal briquet) • Comet nuclei have very low density (0.1 to 0.25 g/cm3), and thus appear to be mostly made of loosely packed (porous or "fluffy") ice • Comets have more than just two types of tails; one ...
... • Comet nuclei are very dark, typically reflecting < 4% of the incident sunlight (as dark as a charcoal briquet) • Comet nuclei have very low density (0.1 to 0.25 g/cm3), and thus appear to be mostly made of loosely packed (porous or "fluffy") ice • Comets have more than just two types of tails; one ...
The Digital Carousel
... • Therefore it is appealing to learners at all levels • From K-12 to Ph.D. ...
... • Therefore it is appealing to learners at all levels • From K-12 to Ph.D. ...
a to z of astronomy
... One of the subatomic particles which, along with protons and neutrons, make up atoms. It has a negative charge of 1.6 x 1O-19C, equal and opposite to the charge on the proton. Its mass of 9.1 x 10-31kg is only about 1/2000 of the mass of the proton. ...
... One of the subatomic particles which, along with protons and neutrons, make up atoms. It has a negative charge of 1.6 x 1O-19C, equal and opposite to the charge on the proton. Its mass of 9.1 x 10-31kg is only about 1/2000 of the mass of the proton. ...
Questions - Clever Teach
... candidates devoted a large part of their answer in doing so. Some candidates used much of the available response area by effectively writing out the question again. Some common inaccuracies were to write about planets expanding or moving away and galaxies being “red-shifted” (rather than the light f ...
... candidates devoted a large part of their answer in doing so. Some candidates used much of the available response area by effectively writing out the question again. Some common inaccuracies were to write about planets expanding or moving away and galaxies being “red-shifted” (rather than the light f ...
Determining the Origin of Inner Planetary System Debris Orbiting the
... Kenyon & Bromley (2006), in particular their simulation of the growth of terrestrial planets in an annular ring spanning 0.84-1.16 AU around a Solar-mass star. This ring is seeded with a parent planetesimal population having a specified surface density distribution Σ0 . It is then evolved using the h ...
... Kenyon & Bromley (2006), in particular their simulation of the growth of terrestrial planets in an annular ring spanning 0.84-1.16 AU around a Solar-mass star. This ring is seeded with a parent planetesimal population having a specified surface density distribution Σ0 . It is then evolved using the h ...
A noble record
... particles that join the interstellar medium and can become part of a dense molecular cloud. Such grains in one particular interstellar cloud were caught up in the developing solar nebula. Some of the grains survived formation of the Sun and avoided destruction by geological activity on the planets b ...
... particles that join the interstellar medium and can become part of a dense molecular cloud. Such grains in one particular interstellar cloud were caught up in the developing solar nebula. Some of the grains survived formation of the Sun and avoided destruction by geological activity on the planets b ...
Space environment
... Low Earth orbits (300..800 km altitude) are used as a first stop for other destinations (i.e. as a parking orbit), or as a final destination. In the latter case, after LEO is reached, there may be a period (from a few hours to a couple of weeks) when the spacecraft is not fully deployed (solar cells ...
... Low Earth orbits (300..800 km altitude) are used as a first stop for other destinations (i.e. as a parking orbit), or as a final destination. In the latter case, after LEO is reached, there may be a period (from a few hours to a couple of weeks) when the spacecraft is not fully deployed (solar cells ...
Science Fast Facts
... STARS are celestial objects that consist of gases which generate light and heat. Generally they stay in one place. The sun is the closest star to us. UNIVERSE: All the stars (except for the sun) are so far away that our present mode of space travel would take more than a lifetime to reach a star. Si ...
... STARS are celestial objects that consist of gases which generate light and heat. Generally they stay in one place. The sun is the closest star to us. UNIVERSE: All the stars (except for the sun) are so far away that our present mode of space travel would take more than a lifetime to reach a star. Si ...
Chapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems
... ! Nearly all extrasolar planets have (so far) been discovered by radial velocity method. Why? Because they are mostly planets orbiting close to their parent star, so moving fast, just what Doppler effect is sensitive to. ! More than 300 extrasolar planets have been discovered so far, over 100 since ...
... ! Nearly all extrasolar planets have (so far) been discovered by radial velocity method. Why? Because they are mostly planets orbiting close to their parent star, so moving fast, just what Doppler effect is sensitive to. ! More than 300 extrasolar planets have been discovered so far, over 100 since ...
Chapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems
... A substantial fraction of stars that have been measured have planets around them of the sort that can now be detected. They are mostly gas giants like Jupiter, but closer to star. Why didn’t our Jupiter migrate? Nearly all of these have been discovered using the radial velocity method. This method ( ...
... A substantial fraction of stars that have been measured have planets around them of the sort that can now be detected. They are mostly gas giants like Jupiter, but closer to star. Why didn’t our Jupiter migrate? Nearly all of these have been discovered using the radial velocity method. This method ( ...
New Indivisible Planetary Science Paradigm J. Marvin Herndon
... other grains, sticking together to become progressively larger grains, then pebbles, then rocks, then planetesimals and finally planets [29, 30]. Since the 1960s, the planetary science community almost unanimously concurred that Earth formed from primordial matter that condensed at a very low pressu ...
... other grains, sticking together to become progressively larger grains, then pebbles, then rocks, then planetesimals and finally planets [29, 30]. Since the 1960s, the planetary science community almost unanimously concurred that Earth formed from primordial matter that condensed at a very low pressu ...
Space Science Chapter 10.1 textbook
... magine being born and raised on a tiny, remote island in the middle of a large ocean. If you and your neighbours had little ability to travel far from the island, your knowledge of the ocean and what lay beyond the horizon would be limited. You might come to understand the behaviour of the sea life ...
... magine being born and raised on a tiny, remote island in the middle of a large ocean. If you and your neighbours had little ability to travel far from the island, your knowledge of the ocean and what lay beyond the horizon would be limited. You might come to understand the behaviour of the sea life ...
Asteroids
... named for Jan H. Oort, who proposed its existence in 1950. It has been hypothesized that the Oort Cloud is responsible for the periodic mass extinctions on Earth. Short-period Comets (comets with an orbital period under 200 years): The Kuiper belt is a region beyond Neptune in which at least 70,000 ...
... named for Jan H. Oort, who proposed its existence in 1950. It has been hypothesized that the Oort Cloud is responsible for the periodic mass extinctions on Earth. Short-period Comets (comets with an orbital period under 200 years): The Kuiper belt is a region beyond Neptune in which at least 70,000 ...
Panspermia
Panspermia (from Greek πᾶν (pan), meaning ""all"", and σπέρμα (sperma), meaning ""seed"") is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids and, also, by spacecraft in the form of unintended contamination by microorganisms.Panspermia is a hypothesis proposing that microscopic life forms that can survive the effects of space, such as extremophiles, become trapped in debris that is ejected into space after collisions between planets and small Solar System bodies that harbor life. Some organisms may travel dormant for an extended amount of time before colliding randomly with other planets or intermingling with protoplanetary disks. If met with ideal conditions on a new planet's surfaces, the organisms become active and the process of evolution begins. Panspermia is not meant to address how life began, just the method that may cause its distribution in the Universe.Pseudo-panspermia (sometimes called ""soft panspermia"" or ""molecular panspermia"") argues that the pre-biotic organic building blocks of life originated in space and were incorporated in the solar nebula from which the planets condensed and were further —and continuously— distributed to planetary surfaces where life then emerged (abiogenesis). From the early 1970s it was becoming evident that interstellar dust consisted of a large component of organic molecules. Interstellar molecules are formed by chemical reactions within very sparse interstellar or circumstellar clouds of dust and gas. The dust plays a critical role of shielding the molecules from the ionizing effect of ultraviolet radiation emitted by stars.Several simulations in laboratories and in low Earth orbit suggest that ejection, entry and impact is survivable for some simple organisms.