Project Icarus: Astronomical Considerations Relating to the Choice
... (1)Science to be conducted on route, e.g. of the local interstellar medium (LISM), and physical and astrophysical studies which could make use of the Icarus vehicle as an observing platform; (2)Astrophysical studies of the target star itself, or stars if a multiple system is selected; (3)Planetary s ...
... (1)Science to be conducted on route, e.g. of the local interstellar medium (LISM), and physical and astrophysical studies which could make use of the Icarus vehicle as an observing platform; (2)Astrophysical studies of the target star itself, or stars if a multiple system is selected; (3)Planetary s ...
Disk-planet interaction
... arguments about impossibility of other worlds, despite a growing controversy within Church. ...
... arguments about impossibility of other worlds, despite a growing controversy within Church. ...
formation1
... 200,000 light years. Let just call it 250,000 light years. (for ease of calculation) • If an O-star forms that has the same orbit as the Sun but has a total lifetime of 1 ...
... 200,000 light years. Let just call it 250,000 light years. (for ease of calculation) • If an O-star forms that has the same orbit as the Sun but has a total lifetime of 1 ...
Stages 12 to 14
... requires a temperature of 500 to 600 million K. The core will contract until electron degeneracy pressure once again takes over, and contraction ends If the star is similar to the sun, the mass is too small, the ignition temperature is never reached. ...
... requires a temperature of 500 to 600 million K. The core will contract until electron degeneracy pressure once again takes over, and contraction ends If the star is similar to the sun, the mass is too small, the ignition temperature is never reached. ...
Extra-solar planets
... eccentricity is about 0.20 (compared with Jupiter’s orbital eccentricity of 0.094, or Earth’s of 0.017). Planets very close to their sun have almost circular orbits, while planets further away can have any eccentricity. ...
... eccentricity is about 0.20 (compared with Jupiter’s orbital eccentricity of 0.094, or Earth’s of 0.017). Planets very close to their sun have almost circular orbits, while planets further away can have any eccentricity. ...
May 2013 - Otterbein
... Where does the Energy come from? • Anaxagoras (500-428 BC): Sun a large hot rock – No, it would cool down too fast • Combustion? – No, it could last a few thousand years ...
... Where does the Energy come from? • Anaxagoras (500-428 BC): Sun a large hot rock – No, it would cool down too fast • Combustion? – No, it could last a few thousand years ...
Why Pluto Is Not a Planet Anymore or How Astronomical Objects Get
... defines a minor planet? The IAU has rules and definitions for this too. A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a dominant planet nor originally classified as a comet. The term minor planet has been used since the 19th century to describe these objects ...
... defines a minor planet? The IAU has rules and definitions for this too. A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a dominant planet nor originally classified as a comet. The term minor planet has been used since the 19th century to describe these objects ...
Detecting the glint of starlight on the oceans of distant planets
... observing at λ = 550 nm. The phase range for planet detection is somewhat wider for less-inclined orbits, but narrower for planets closer to their stars. According to Fig. 2, it will be impossible to detect thin-crescent planets (fA < 0.25) at any inclination if they are within 0.66 AU of the parent ...
... observing at λ = 550 nm. The phase range for planet detection is somewhat wider for less-inclined orbits, but narrower for planets closer to their stars. According to Fig. 2, it will be impossible to detect thin-crescent planets (fA < 0.25) at any inclination if they are within 0.66 AU of the parent ...
Chapter 29: Stars - Mr. Pelton Science
... • Other consellations can only be seen during certain times of the year because of Earth’s changing position in its orbit. • Orion is a constellation we can only see during the winter. • The most familiar constellations are the 12 signs of the zodiac. ...
... • Other consellations can only be seen during certain times of the year because of Earth’s changing position in its orbit. • Orion is a constellation we can only see during the winter. • The most familiar constellations are the 12 signs of the zodiac. ...
Cosmochemistry from Nanometers to Light- Years A Written by
... Measurements of the material ejected from comet Tempel 1 when a massive projectile whacked into it at 10 kilometers per second showed that crystalline silicates were present, not just noncrystalline materials. [Deep Impact image gallery] ...
... Measurements of the material ejected from comet Tempel 1 when a massive projectile whacked into it at 10 kilometers per second showed that crystalline silicates were present, not just noncrystalline materials. [Deep Impact image gallery] ...
The Life Cycle of a Star and the Hertzsprung
... stages, all at the same time. It is also a great tool to check your understanding of the star life cycle. In the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram, each star is represented by a dot. There are lots of stars out there, so there are lots of dots. The position of each dot on the diagram tells us two thi ...
... stages, all at the same time. It is also a great tool to check your understanding of the star life cycle. In the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram, each star is represented by a dot. There are lots of stars out there, so there are lots of dots. The position of each dot on the diagram tells us two thi ...
Teacher Guide pages
... penetrates the atmosphere and impacts the surface of the Earth, it is called a meteorite. Impacts from natural extraterrestrial objects have created craters on Earth, the Moon and other planets. A comet, which usually has a diameter of a few kilometers, is composed largely of frozen carbon dioxide, ...
... penetrates the atmosphere and impacts the surface of the Earth, it is called a meteorite. Impacts from natural extraterrestrial objects have created craters on Earth, the Moon and other planets. A comet, which usually has a diameter of a few kilometers, is composed largely of frozen carbon dioxide, ...
Ancient Astronomy
... measurements of the positions of celestial objects. • Johannes Kepler inherited Brahe’s data and determined three empirical laws governing the motion of orbiting celestial objects. – 1st Law: Each planet moves around the Sun in an orbit that is an ellipse, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. – ...
... measurements of the positions of celestial objects. • Johannes Kepler inherited Brahe’s data and determined three empirical laws governing the motion of orbiting celestial objects. – 1st Law: Each planet moves around the Sun in an orbit that is an ellipse, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. – ...
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... use the ‘Words to help you’ in exercise 1. They underline the words from the ‘Words to help you’ in the text. If they come across other difficult words, they underline those words too and use a dictionary to translate them. If you have pupils in your class who have another mother tongue than Dutch, ...
... use the ‘Words to help you’ in exercise 1. They underline the words from the ‘Words to help you’ in the text. If they come across other difficult words, they underline those words too and use a dictionary to translate them. If you have pupils in your class who have another mother tongue than Dutch, ...
Frostburg State Planetarium presents
... • To tell a planet from a star, all night stars twinkle and planets usually shine steady. • Also satellites (especially Space Station) shine steadily as creep eastward across sky • Night stars are distant suns, really, really far away compared to our planet neighbors. • If Earth penny size, moon 22” ...
... • To tell a planet from a star, all night stars twinkle and planets usually shine steady. • Also satellites (especially Space Station) shine steadily as creep eastward across sky • Night stars are distant suns, really, really far away compared to our planet neighbors. • If Earth penny size, moon 22” ...
Document
... Loose material that did not form into planets Main Asteroid Belt located between Mars and Jupiter Total mass of all of the asteroids is less than that of Earth’s moon 26 known asteroids larger than 200km across 99% are larger than 100km across May be as many as a million 1km sized astero ...
... Loose material that did not form into planets Main Asteroid Belt located between Mars and Jupiter Total mass of all of the asteroids is less than that of Earth’s moon 26 known asteroids larger than 200km across 99% are larger than 100km across May be as many as a million 1km sized astero ...
1 3 Formation of the Solar System
... gravitational force than those with smaller masses. Thus, large exoplanets cause more star wobble than smaller exoplanets. Because of this, scientists have so far only been able to find large exoplanets. In fact, almost all of the newly discovered exoplanets have masses similar to those of Jupiter o ...
... gravitational force than those with smaller masses. Thus, large exoplanets cause more star wobble than smaller exoplanets. Because of this, scientists have so far only been able to find large exoplanets. In fact, almost all of the newly discovered exoplanets have masses similar to those of Jupiter o ...
Universe 8e Lecture Chapter 17 Nature of Stars
... theory of stellar evolution describes how stars form and change during that life span. Mass Loss by Protostars: In the final stages of pre– main-sequence contraction, when thermonuclear reactions are about to begin in its core, a protostar may eject large amounts of gas into space. Low-mass stars th ...
... theory of stellar evolution describes how stars form and change during that life span. Mass Loss by Protostars: In the final stages of pre– main-sequence contraction, when thermonuclear reactions are about to begin in its core, a protostar may eject large amounts of gas into space. Low-mass stars th ...
Yeatman-Liddell College Preparatory Middle School Winter
... Our local star is the Sun. It appears to be rather small as stars go. Stars are fueled by hydrogen, and they exist until the last of their hydrogen fuel is used up. Our Sun will not run out of hydrogen for 5 billion years. Then our Sun will swell up and become a red giant. The core will continue to ...
... Our local star is the Sun. It appears to be rather small as stars go. Stars are fueled by hydrogen, and they exist until the last of their hydrogen fuel is used up. Our Sun will not run out of hydrogen for 5 billion years. Then our Sun will swell up and become a red giant. The core will continue to ...
Universe 8e Lecture Chapter 17 Nature of Stars
... theory of stellar evolution describes how stars form and change during that life span. Mass Loss by Protostars: In the final stages of pre– main-sequence contraction, when thermonuclear reactions are about to begin in its core, a protostar may eject large amounts of gas into space. Low-mass stars th ...
... theory of stellar evolution describes how stars form and change during that life span. Mass Loss by Protostars: In the final stages of pre– main-sequence contraction, when thermonuclear reactions are about to begin in its core, a protostar may eject large amounts of gas into space. Low-mass stars th ...
Closed books and notes, 1 hour. Please PRINT
... (c) Experiments suggest that electron neutrinos produced in the core can change into other types before reaching Earth, reducing the observed number of electron neutrinos (d) Early experiments appear to have been misinterpreted (e) Neutrinos interact very weakly with water in current detectors 35. S ...
... (c) Experiments suggest that electron neutrinos produced in the core can change into other types before reaching Earth, reducing the observed number of electron neutrinos (d) Early experiments appear to have been misinterpreted (e) Neutrinos interact very weakly with water in current detectors 35. S ...
Stars and Galaxies
... What would happen if an even more massive star would explode into a supernova leaving behind a core that is even more dense than a neutron star? Such gravitational forces would be so great that not even light could escape We call these black holes ...
... What would happen if an even more massive star would explode into a supernova leaving behind a core that is even more dense than a neutron star? Such gravitational forces would be so great that not even light could escape We call these black holes ...
Atmospheric biomarkers on terrestrial exoplanets Abstract Introduction
... ozone destruction, directly by photolysis, but mostly indirectly due to the increased photochemical production of highly reactive radicals. For atmospheric compositions similar to the Earth’s, numerical simulations show a quantity of O increasing with the UV flux (Selsis, 2000). This property could ...
... ozone destruction, directly by photolysis, but mostly indirectly due to the increased photochemical production of highly reactive radicals. For atmospheric compositions similar to the Earth’s, numerical simulations show a quantity of O increasing with the UV flux (Selsis, 2000). This property could ...
The star and the trees prostrate
... electromagnetic radiation, including photons, the particles of light. This radiation exerts an outward pressure that exactly balances the inward pull of gravity caused by the star's mass. As the nuclear fuel is exhausted, the outward forces of radiation diminish, allowing the gravitation to compress ...
... electromagnetic radiation, including photons, the particles of light. This radiation exerts an outward pressure that exactly balances the inward pull of gravity caused by the star's mass. As the nuclear fuel is exhausted, the outward forces of radiation diminish, allowing the gravitation to compress ...
Primary and secondary eclipse spectroscopy with JWST: exploring
... or ices, of non-solar composition. This volatile content represents a small fraction of the total planetary mass and is fractionated between the interior (crust, mantle), the surface oceans and/or ice sheets, the atmosphere and outer space through gravitational escape (induced by impacts, exospheric ...
... or ices, of non-solar composition. This volatile content represents a small fraction of the total planetary mass and is fractionated between the interior (crust, mantle), the surface oceans and/or ice sheets, the atmosphere and outer space through gravitational escape (induced by impacts, exospheric ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.