AWG recommendation on Cosmic Vision
... After the first discovery of an extra-solar planet in 1995, there has been steady progress towards detecting planets with ever smaller masses, and towards the development of a broader suite of techniques to characterize their properties. There is no doubt that this trend will continue into the next ...
... After the first discovery of an extra-solar planet in 1995, there has been steady progress towards detecting planets with ever smaller masses, and towards the development of a broader suite of techniques to characterize their properties. There is no doubt that this trend will continue into the next ...
G-stars - Gemini Astronomie
... The birth of a star: Every star develops from a cloud (giant molecular cloud GMC) consisting almost entirely of the elements hydrogen and helium with a small percentage of other elements as well as dust, mostly from the death of older stars. Due to the force of its own gravity, the cloud begins to c ...
... The birth of a star: Every star develops from a cloud (giant molecular cloud GMC) consisting almost entirely of the elements hydrogen and helium with a small percentage of other elements as well as dust, mostly from the death of older stars. Due to the force of its own gravity, the cloud begins to c ...
1 Excerpts from James Lovelock`s Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth
... Yet even if too broad and vague, this classification of life at least points us in the right direction. It suggests, for example, that there is a boundary or interface between the "factory" area and the surrounding environment which receives the waste products. It also suggests that life-like proces ...
... Yet even if too broad and vague, this classification of life at least points us in the right direction. It suggests, for example, that there is a boundary or interface between the "factory" area and the surrounding environment which receives the waste products. It also suggests that life-like proces ...
Why does Sirius twinkle?
... is a white main sequence star) and "Sirius B," a Sirius appears to twinkle or shimmer more than white dwarf star. As seen with the naked eye, Sirius can be seen to twinkle many different colors other stars for some very simple reasons. It is very bright, which can amplify atmospheric effects and it ...
... is a white main sequence star) and "Sirius B," a Sirius appears to twinkle or shimmer more than white dwarf star. As seen with the naked eye, Sirius can be seen to twinkle many different colors other stars for some very simple reasons. It is very bright, which can amplify atmospheric effects and it ...
chapterS1time - Empyrean Quest Publishers
... • Difference between a planet’s orbital (sidereal) and synodic period depends on how far planet moves in one Earth year for outer planets ...
... • Difference between a planet’s orbital (sidereal) and synodic period depends on how far planet moves in one Earth year for outer planets ...
Testing - Montgomery College
... • Difference between a planet’s orbital (sidereal) and synodic period depends on how far planet moves in one Earth year for outer planets ...
... • Difference between a planet’s orbital (sidereal) and synodic period depends on how far planet moves in one Earth year for outer planets ...
Chapter S1 How do we define the day, month, year, and planetary
... depends on how far planet moves in one Earth year for outer planets ...
... depends on how far planet moves in one Earth year for outer planets ...
Astronomy_Course_Summary
... Summarize the overall properties of the Sun. Discuss the nature of the Sun's magnetic field and its relationship to the various types of solar activity. Outline the process by which energy is produced in the Sun's interior. Explain how stars are often classified according to their colors, su ...
... Summarize the overall properties of the Sun. Discuss the nature of the Sun's magnetic field and its relationship to the various types of solar activity. Outline the process by which energy is produced in the Sun's interior. Explain how stars are often classified according to their colors, su ...
Chapter 13
... • Intense outward gas flows from surfaces • Occupy H-R diagram just above main-sequence ...
... • Intense outward gas flows from surfaces • Occupy H-R diagram just above main-sequence ...
- newmanlib.ibri.org
... infinitely old. Because the sky is dark at night! The so-called Olbers' Paradox shows that if the universe is infinitely old and infinitely large (with a reasonably uniform distribution of stars) the light from the stars falling on the earth ought to be infinite or (at least) very bright. Because th ...
... infinitely old. Because the sky is dark at night! The so-called Olbers' Paradox shows that if the universe is infinitely old and infinitely large (with a reasonably uniform distribution of stars) the light from the stars falling on the earth ought to be infinite or (at least) very bright. Because th ...
How the Earth Moves Transcript
... stars – in reality the stars are widely separated in their distance away from Earth, and only appear to be close as they lie in the same direction when viewed from our vantage point. However, that wasn’t clear to most ancient civilisation, who (quite reasonably) believed that all the stars were loc ...
... stars – in reality the stars are widely separated in their distance away from Earth, and only appear to be close as they lie in the same direction when viewed from our vantage point. However, that wasn’t clear to most ancient civilisation, who (quite reasonably) believed that all the stars were loc ...
Outline of Lecture on Copernican Revolution: 1. Source of word
... the result, even if it goes against them? After this suggestion was first advanced, people dug down into the Greenland ice pack and discovered that there had not been a fluctuation like the present one in the last 300,000 years. If today’s warming is just a fluctuation, there should have been other ...
... the result, even if it goes against them? After this suggestion was first advanced, people dug down into the Greenland ice pack and discovered that there had not been a fluctuation like the present one in the last 300,000 years. If today’s warming is just a fluctuation, there should have been other ...
Here - ScienceA2Z.com
... mass to form itself into a spherical shape and has cleared its immediate neighbourhood of all smaller objects. By this definition, the Solar System has eight known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. From the time of its discovery in 1930 until 2006, Pluto was ...
... mass to form itself into a spherical shape and has cleared its immediate neighbourhood of all smaller objects. By this definition, the Solar System has eight known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. From the time of its discovery in 1930 until 2006, Pluto was ...
Lecture 9
... The Temp and Density get high enough for the triple-alpha reaction as a star approaches the tip of the RGB. Because the core is supported by electron degeneracy (with no temperature dependence) when the triple-alpha starts, there is no corresponding expansion of the core. So the temperature sky ...
... The Temp and Density get high enough for the triple-alpha reaction as a star approaches the tip of the RGB. Because the core is supported by electron degeneracy (with no temperature dependence) when the triple-alpha starts, there is no corresponding expansion of the core. So the temperature sky ...
Lecture03
... • Because its orbit is and ellipse rather than a perfect circle, the Earth is slightly farther from the Sun in July than it is in January (Fig. 2-22). But this relatively small distance variation is not responsible for Earth’s seasons. ...
... • Because its orbit is and ellipse rather than a perfect circle, the Earth is slightly farther from the Sun in July than it is in January (Fig. 2-22). But this relatively small distance variation is not responsible for Earth’s seasons. ...
The H-R Diagram
... • These are even brighter than the SN II’s, which come from massive stars. • Very useful – they’re all the ~same event – 1.4 solar mass white dwarfs passing the Chandrasekhar Limit, collapsing initially, triggering carbon nuclear fusion all in a flash. So they turn out to be… • GREAT “standard candl ...
... • These are even brighter than the SN II’s, which come from massive stars. • Very useful – they’re all the ~same event – 1.4 solar mass white dwarfs passing the Chandrasekhar Limit, collapsing initially, triggering carbon nuclear fusion all in a flash. So they turn out to be… • GREAT “standard candl ...
Geoscience Final Review material
... d. All above, except “a”, but including “b” and “c” 130. The shortest wavelengths are a. Red c. Gamma b. Blue d. Radio 131. A light-year is a. The distance light travels in a year c. The time it takes for light to travel b. As far as it is from Earth to Vega d. The distance across our Solar System 1 ...
... d. All above, except “a”, but including “b” and “c” 130. The shortest wavelengths are a. Red c. Gamma b. Blue d. Radio 131. A light-year is a. The distance light travels in a year c. The time it takes for light to travel b. As far as it is from Earth to Vega d. The distance across our Solar System 1 ...
Chapter 13 The Life of a Star The Life of a Star Mass Is the Key The
... passage through the heavens, but never considered that they evolved • In the 18th century, Immanuel Kant described the Sun as a fiery sphere, formed from the gases gravitated to the center of a solar nebula • In the 1850s and 1860s, Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz used the physics of gases and ...
... passage through the heavens, but never considered that they evolved • In the 18th century, Immanuel Kant described the Sun as a fiery sphere, formed from the gases gravitated to the center of a solar nebula • In the 1850s and 1860s, Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz used the physics of gases and ...
Chapter 13
... • Intense outward gas flows from surfaces • Occupy H-R diagram just above main-sequence ...
... • Intense outward gas flows from surfaces • Occupy H-R diagram just above main-sequence ...
Luminosity Classes
... Types of Variables The period of the change determine the type: Long Period Variables have a period of 100s of days. They are usually Giant stars. Cepheid Variables have a period of 1 to 100 days. Their period is related to their luminosity so they are used to find stellar distances… Polaris is one ...
... Types of Variables The period of the change determine the type: Long Period Variables have a period of 100s of days. They are usually Giant stars. Cepheid Variables have a period of 1 to 100 days. Their period is related to their luminosity so they are used to find stellar distances… Polaris is one ...
Presentation
... Prialnik, Dina (2000). An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. Stahler, S. W. & Palla, F. (2004). The Formation of Stars. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ...
... Prialnik, Dina (2000). An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. Stahler, S. W. & Palla, F. (2004). The Formation of Stars. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ...
Orbital Instabilities in Triaxial Mass Distributions and
... Clusters have a moderate effect on the solar systems forming within them -- environmental effects are neither dominant nor negligible: Closest approaches of order 1000 AU Disks truncated dynamically to 300 AU Disks truncated via radiation to 40 AU Lifetimes have environmental upper limit Planetary o ...
... Clusters have a moderate effect on the solar systems forming within them -- environmental effects are neither dominant nor negligible: Closest approaches of order 1000 AU Disks truncated dynamically to 300 AU Disks truncated via radiation to 40 AU Lifetimes have environmental upper limit Planetary o ...
Astronomy Assignment #1
... in the event of fluctuations in the core fusion rate. This is known as a negative feedback cycle. For example, if core fusion rates momentarily increase, then the excess energy generated will increase the temperature of the core and cause the core to expand slightly. The resulting expansion then act ...
... in the event of fluctuations in the core fusion rate. This is known as a negative feedback cycle. For example, if core fusion rates momentarily increase, then the excess energy generated will increase the temperature of the core and cause the core to expand slightly. The resulting expansion then act ...
PLANETS
... solar system. Only a minority of the nearby stars are so young. Even for them, planets— and particularly those in the terrestrial planet/asteroidal region—are faint and are lost in the glare of their central stars. However, when bodies in this zone collide, they initiate cascades of further collisio ...
... solar system. Only a minority of the nearby stars are so young. Even for them, planets— and particularly those in the terrestrial planet/asteroidal region—are faint and are lost in the glare of their central stars. However, when bodies in this zone collide, they initiate cascades of further collisio ...
of universal gravitation and of
... Associate Professor of Physics, for his counsel, his criticisms, and his interest in the preparation of this study. ...
... Associate Professor of Physics, for his counsel, his criticisms, and his interest in the preparation of this study. ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.