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... • In modern times, it was discovered that the human eye has a nonlinear response to light: if one source of light has twice the light as a second source, then the first source would not appear by eye to be twice as bright. • The response of the eye is logarithmic, so that differences of magnitudes c ...
Document
Document

... • In modern times, it was discovered that the human eye has a nonlinear response to light: if one source of light has twice the light as a second source, then the first source would not appear by eye to be twice as bright. • The response of the eye is logarithmic, so that differences of magnitudes c ...
Intermediate - Maggie`s Earth Adventures
Intermediate - Maggie`s Earth Adventures

... creating are powerful learning tools. I hope your students will learn this as they diagram the layers of the sun for themselves. I encourage you to point out that this is a great study skill – creating pictorial representations and trying things for themselves. To further help your class read charts ...
Shattering geocentric, anthrocentric worldviews since 1543
Shattering geocentric, anthrocentric worldviews since 1543

... Galileo was forced to recant and placed under house arrest. Many others picked their words carefully to avoid a similar fate ...
Frostburg State Planetarium presents
Frostburg State Planetarium presents

... Let’s review once more… ...
3. COMMENTS ON KEPLER`S NEW ASTRONOMY
3. COMMENTS ON KEPLER`S NEW ASTRONOMY

... A third step, which included the two previous steps, was required to complete the epistemological conditions validating this Pythagorean principle of proportionality. This third step represented the boundary condition, the closure of the entire process. Imagine that, from outside of the Celestial Sp ...
astro 001.101 summer 2002 exam 2
astro 001.101 summer 2002 exam 2

... its position relative to more distant stars (an example of the “parallax effect”) This effect is not observed (using only the naked eye); consequently the Greeks concluded that Earth does not orbit the Sun. However, the Greeks failed to realize that stars lie at very great distances. For the nearest ...
Triple Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn
Triple Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn

... According to Parpola, the triple conjunction occurred in 7 BCE in the constellation of Pisces. (Jewish scholars don't like to use the term 'Before Christ' or 'Anno Domini,' so they say Before the Common Era or the Common Era) First, Parpola goes through other observations that have been conjecture ...
Lecture 2: Exoplanets and life
Lecture 2: Exoplanets and life

... •  Venus spectrum: photons emanate from cold, high parts of the (IR-optically thick) atmosphere. No photons here go from the hot 735 K surface directly to space. •  Exoplanets: we may need to infer the amount of greenhouse gases from spectra and use models to estimate the surface temperature if ther ...
Middle School Powerpoint Presentation
Middle School Powerpoint Presentation

... • Even the nearest planets appear as * (points) as we see them with our eyes; for even these objects far away Venus at closest 100x farther than our moon • To tell a planet from a star, all night stars twinkle and planets usually shine steady. • Also satellites (especially Space Station) shine stead ...
Space Systems: Patterns and Cycles
Space Systems: Patterns and Cycles

... 1-PS4-2. Make observations to construct an evidence-based account that objects can be seen only when illuminated. ...
in the Solar System!
in the Solar System!

... The inner solar system contains Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. These four planets are closest to the Sun. The outer solar system contains Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. The inner planets are separated ...
Our Solar System 6.1 Planets 6.2 Dwarf planets and other solar
Our Solar System 6.1 Planets 6.2 Dwarf planets and other solar

... time in the very distant past, Mars may have had a thicker atmosphere and running water on its surface. The Jupiter and the other “Jovian” planets in the outer solar system Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune have no solid surface on which you can stand, they are gas giants large (eleven Earths coul ...
apparent retrograde motion - Indiana University Astronomy
apparent retrograde motion - Indiana University Astronomy

... Star, made the very short bright circle near the NCP. About 12,000 years ago, the bright star Vega was the North Star, and in about 14,000 years, as the Earth's spin axis slowly continues to precess, Vega will become the North ...
The Solar System (Ch. 6 in text) Consists of the sun (a typical star
The Solar System (Ch. 6 in text) Consists of the sun (a typical star

... Comets: Iceballs, most in highly eccentric orbits which extend far beyond Pluto. Spend most of their time far from sun (in the “Oort cloud”; also the “Kuiper belt” comets outside of Neptune’s orbit). Comets and asteroids are “debris”, but very important because they represent the solar system when i ...
Document
Document

... • It is often useful to think of photons as very small particles. • When I point a flashlight at you, you are getting hit with a bunch of little pellets. • Suppose you were hit by 10 pellets in an area the size of a quarter. • How does this compare with getting hit with 10 pellets over an area the s ...
Pocket Planetarium * Volume 21
Pocket Planetarium * Volume 21

... the evening sky from mid-March to the first week in April. You can find it at twilight, 30 to 45 minutes after sunset, above the west-northwest horizon. Mercury is brighter at the start of this observation period and quickly dims after April 7. On the evening of March 29, the lunar crescent lies 10 ...
Observing the surface of Venus from Earth's Stratosphere
Observing the surface of Venus from Earth's Stratosphere

... maximum apparent size of Venus on the sky. The stabilisation is performed by a moving platform for the telescope for the coarse pointing and a tilt-pointing mirror for the fine pointing. The challenges for thermal engineering will be different but comparable to an orbiter instrument, inline with the ...
Planet motion, geocentric, heliocentric pictures
Planet motion, geocentric, heliocentric pictures

... earth at the center of the universe. However, a small group of objects, referred to as ``wanderers'' (or planets), did not share this motion, but drifted among the fixed stars. The rate that a wanderer moved among the stars varied, and (except for the moon and Sun) even the direction of their motion ...
ASTR 150 Challenge #3
ASTR 150 Challenge #3

... earth at the center of the universe. However, a small group of objects, referred to as ``wanderers'' (or planets), did not share this motion, but drifted among the fixed stars. The rate that a wanderer moved among the stars varied, and (except for the moon and Sun) even the direction of their motion ...
Universe Now - Course Pages of Physics Department
Universe Now - Course Pages of Physics Department

... different regions ended up in the Kuiper belt. – The formation of Kuiper belt at its current distance from the Sun is thought to be improbable  according to the Nice model, the bodies were formed much more closer to the Sun. ...
What is Astronomy?
What is Astronomy?

... 1. Find a place where you have a clear view of the sunset* on a beach or one of the Great Lakes. The water should be calm the day you perform your measurements. Approximate the height of the waves on the ocean in meters. This amount is ho, It will probably be about 0.6 meters or so. 2. Observe the f ...
Isaac Newton and the Laws of Motion and Gravitation 2
Isaac Newton and the Laws of Motion and Gravitation 2

... gravitational pull is greater on Earth than the gravitational pull by the Moon? What are spring tides and neap tides. What is the phase of the Moon when they occur? What is the reason for the Oblate spheroid shape of Saturn? Is Sun the only object influence the motion of a planet in the solar system ...
The Laws of Planetary Motion
The Laws of Planetary Motion

... If we increase the muzzle velocity of an imaginary cannon, the projectile will travel further and further before returning to earth. Newton reasoned that if the cannon projected the cannon ball with exactly the right velocity, the projectile would travel completely around the Earth, always falling ...
PHYSICS CHAPTER 8 : Universal Gravitation
PHYSICS CHAPTER 8 : Universal Gravitation

... Astrologers claimed that the motions of these bodies were able to control events in human lives. Comets (Aristotle named them Kome or stars with hair) were even more erratic. These mysterious bodies appeared without warning, spouting bright tails, and were considered bearers of evil omens. Comets ar ...
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Comparative planetary science

Comparative planetary science or comparative planetology is a branch of space science and planetary science in which different natural processes and systems are studied by their effects and phenomena on and between multiple bodies. The planetary processes in question include geology, hydrology, atmospheric physics, and interactions such as impact cratering, space weathering, and magnetospheric physics in the solar wind, and possibly biology, via astrobiology.Comparison of multiple bodies assists the researcher, if for no other reason than the Earth is far more accessible than any other body. Those distant bodies may then be evaluated in the context of processes already characterized on Earth. Conversely, other bodies (including extrasolar ones) may provide additional examples, edge cases, and counterexamples to earthbound processes; without a greater context, studying these phenomena in relation to Earth alone may result in low sample sizes and observational biases.
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