Tracking Whole-Brain Connectivity Dynamics in the Resting State
... Spontaneous fluctuations are a hallmark of recordings of neural signals, emergent over time scales spanning milliseconds and tens of minutes. However, investigations of intrinsic brain organization based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging have largely not taken into account the pr ...
... Spontaneous fluctuations are a hallmark of recordings of neural signals, emergent over time scales spanning milliseconds and tens of minutes. However, investigations of intrinsic brain organization based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging have largely not taken into account the pr ...
Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system 1
... an emotional state, defined by changes within the bodyproper, e.g., viscera, internal milieu, and within certain sectors of the brain, e.g., somatosensory cortices; neurotransmitter nuclei in brain stem. The term feeling should be used to describe the complex mental state that results from the emoti ...
... an emotional state, defined by changes within the bodyproper, e.g., viscera, internal milieu, and within certain sectors of the brain, e.g., somatosensory cortices; neurotransmitter nuclei in brain stem. The term feeling should be used to describe the complex mental state that results from the emoti ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of rodent
... outputs 20 mW of power at 473 nm, and is coupled to a lightweight, flexible multimode optical fiber, ∼200 µm in diameter. To capitalize on the unique advantages of this system, we specifically targeted ChR2 to excitatory cells in vivo with the CaMKIIα promoter. Under these conditions, the intensity ...
... outputs 20 mW of power at 473 nm, and is coupled to a lightweight, flexible multimode optical fiber, ∼200 µm in diameter. To capitalize on the unique advantages of this system, we specifically targeted ChR2 to excitatory cells in vivo with the CaMKIIα promoter. Under these conditions, the intensity ...
Changes in Resting State Effective Connectivity in the Motor
... such activity is neither restricted to the human brain nor tied to a conscious state. Their findings suggest that fluctuations of spontaneous activity across anatomically interconnected brain regions constitute a fundamental principle of brain organization. Such an interpretation is supported by the ...
... such activity is neither restricted to the human brain nor tied to a conscious state. Their findings suggest that fluctuations of spontaneous activity across anatomically interconnected brain regions constitute a fundamental principle of brain organization. Such an interpretation is supported by the ...
Optical brain imaging in vivo: techniques and applications from
... This is in addition to serving populations often unable to receive MRI or PET scans such as young infants or the critically ill. Clinical optical brain imaging is generally noninvasive and uses near-infrared 共NIR兲 light to obtain improved penetration through the scalp, skull, and brain 关see Fig. 1共a ...
... This is in addition to serving populations often unable to receive MRI or PET scans such as young infants or the critically ill. Clinical optical brain imaging is generally noninvasive and uses near-infrared 共NIR兲 light to obtain improved penetration through the scalp, skull, and brain 关see Fig. 1共a ...
LEAP - Life Enrichment Center
... children indicates a need for effective treatment. Studies in other countries, both English, French and German support these figures, so specific learning difficulties, which cover all types of learning disabilities from dyslexia, reading problems, ADD to ADHD, probably represent greater than 15% of ...
... children indicates a need for effective treatment. Studies in other countries, both English, French and German support these figures, so specific learning difficulties, which cover all types of learning disabilities from dyslexia, reading problems, ADD to ADHD, probably represent greater than 15% of ...
Flow-metabolism coupling in human visual, motor, and
... Key words: cerebrovascular coupling; functional MRI; oxygen metabolism; BOLD; CBF ...
... Key words: cerebrovascular coupling; functional MRI; oxygen metabolism; BOLD; CBF ...
Physiology Ch 15 p167-175 [4-25
... the circulatory system at which gravitational pressure factors caused by changes in body position of a healthy person usually do not affect pressure measurement by more than 1-2 mmHg -this is near the tricuspid valve; therefore all circulatory pressure measurements are referred to this level, called ...
... the circulatory system at which gravitational pressure factors caused by changes in body position of a healthy person usually do not affect pressure measurement by more than 1-2 mmHg -this is near the tricuspid valve; therefore all circulatory pressure measurements are referred to this level, called ...
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive
... Pulvermüller 2002). Cell assemblies are sets of nerve cells that are “. . . more strongly connected to each other than to other neurons” (Braitenberg 1978).6 The neuron members of a cell assembly do not need to be located in a small part of the brain, for example a hypercolumn, but can be spread out ...
... Pulvermüller 2002). Cell assemblies are sets of nerve cells that are “. . . more strongly connected to each other than to other neurons” (Braitenberg 1978).6 The neuron members of a cell assembly do not need to be located in a small part of the brain, for example a hypercolumn, but can be spread out ...
Anatomical and Neurochemical Definition of the Nucleus of the Stria
... fibers are observed in the lateral septum, the periventricular hypothalamus, and the tuberal region. In particular, at the level of the preoptic area, a dense cluster of VT-ir fibers outlines the whole POM throughout its entire rostral-tocaudal extent (Viglietti-Panzica et al., 1994). VT-ir neurons ...
... fibers are observed in the lateral septum, the periventricular hypothalamus, and the tuberal region. In particular, at the level of the preoptic area, a dense cluster of VT-ir fibers outlines the whole POM throughout its entire rostral-tocaudal extent (Viglietti-Panzica et al., 1994). VT-ir neurons ...
What is Psychology?
... Hormones • Hormones: Chemical substances, secreted by organs called glands, that affect the functioning of other organs. • Endocrine Glands: Internal organs that produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream. ...
... Hormones • Hormones: Chemical substances, secreted by organs called glands, that affect the functioning of other organs. • Endocrine Glands: Internal organs that produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream. ...
Neuronal activity in dorsomedial frontal cortex and prefrontal cortex
... that stimulus dimension was behaviorally irrelevant. Previous studies of both PF (Rainer et al. 1998; Rao et al. 1997; White and Wise 1999) and DMF (Olson et al. 2000; White and Wise 1999) have shown that stimulus location influences neuronal activity in nonspatially guided operant tasks. However, i ...
... that stimulus dimension was behaviorally irrelevant. Previous studies of both PF (Rainer et al. 1998; Rao et al. 1997; White and Wise 1999) and DMF (Olson et al. 2000; White and Wise 1999) have shown that stimulus location influences neuronal activity in nonspatially guided operant tasks. However, i ...
IL TRAUMA NEL GRANDE ANZIANO Inquadramento del
... • Associated with prolonged coma, poorest prognosis of any other brain injury we have. Usually come in in a coma already, they are posturing, global cerebral edema, diagnosis is made with CT or MRI. Shearing type thing, as the brain shears there are little tears. Then injury stops and settles back d ...
... • Associated with prolonged coma, poorest prognosis of any other brain injury we have. Usually come in in a coma already, they are posturing, global cerebral edema, diagnosis is made with CT or MRI. Shearing type thing, as the brain shears there are little tears. Then injury stops and settles back d ...
FREE Sample Here
... The myelin sheath, the fatty white coating of the axon, prevents impulses from being misdirected. 2.3 Neurotransmitters: The Neuron's Messengers: What are neurotransmitters, and what do they contribute to nervous system functioning? Neurotransmitters are chemicals released into the synaptic clef ...
... The myelin sheath, the fatty white coating of the axon, prevents impulses from being misdirected. 2.3 Neurotransmitters: The Neuron's Messengers: What are neurotransmitters, and what do they contribute to nervous system functioning? Neurotransmitters are chemicals released into the synaptic clef ...
Fast Readout of Object Identity from Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
... shows the cross-validated performance of classifiers in performing this categorization task as a function of the number of recording sites (30). The spiking activity of 256 randomly selected multi-unit activity (MUA) sites was sufficient to categorize the objects with 94 T 4% accuracy (mean T SD; fo ...
... shows the cross-validated performance of classifiers in performing this categorization task as a function of the number of recording sites (30). The spiking activity of 256 randomly selected multi-unit activity (MUA) sites was sufficient to categorize the objects with 94 T 4% accuracy (mean T SD; fo ...
Functional and comparative assessments of the octopus learning
... Preventing the input from reaching the VL by transecting the axonal tract between the MSF and the VL (Figure 1) resulted in similar but more robust forgetting. These findings support the importance of LTP for creating longterm memories. As this is true for both an invertebrate and vertebrates, it wo ...
... Preventing the input from reaching the VL by transecting the axonal tract between the MSF and the VL (Figure 1) resulted in similar but more robust forgetting. These findings support the importance of LTP for creating longterm memories. As this is true for both an invertebrate and vertebrates, it wo ...
Vesicle-Mediated Transport and Release of
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
The lysosome and neurodegenerative diseases
... accompanied by increased levels of p53 protein, a cathepsin D transcription factor [16]. Therefore, the mechanism responsible for increase in cathepsin D activity might be an effect of increased synthesis regulated by p53. Cathepsin B has also been implicated in the activation of the pro-inflammator ...
... accompanied by increased levels of p53 protein, a cathepsin D transcription factor [16]. Therefore, the mechanism responsible for increase in cathepsin D activity might be an effect of increased synthesis regulated by p53. Cathepsin B has also been implicated in the activation of the pro-inflammator ...
histology of muscle as a tissue
... Muscle tissue is composed of cells differentiated for optimal use of the universal cell property termed contractility. Microfilaments and associated proteins together generate the forces necessary for cellular contraction, which drives movement within certain organs and the body as a whole. Nearly a ...
... Muscle tissue is composed of cells differentiated for optimal use of the universal cell property termed contractility. Microfilaments and associated proteins together generate the forces necessary for cellular contraction, which drives movement within certain organs and the body as a whole. Nearly a ...
Rhythms of Waking and Sleep 2 Day Circadian Examples
... • Much more rare than NREM problems • Narcolepsy - REM sleep “attacks” with cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), muscle paralysis, & hypnagogic hallucinations. Often triggered by emotion. May have mutation of a gene which in turn reduces orexin (a “stayawake” transmitter) • Animal Model of narcol ...
... • Much more rare than NREM problems • Narcolepsy - REM sleep “attacks” with cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), muscle paralysis, & hypnagogic hallucinations. Often triggered by emotion. May have mutation of a gene which in turn reduces orexin (a “stayawake” transmitter) • Animal Model of narcol ...
Neurons
... neurons, and interneurons. These different types play specialized roles in the nervous system. Sensory neurons (also called afferent neurons) transmit information about the outside world to the spinal cord and brain. This information first registers on your sensory organs. So when someone touches yo ...
... neurons, and interneurons. These different types play specialized roles in the nervous system. Sensory neurons (also called afferent neurons) transmit information about the outside world to the spinal cord and brain. This information first registers on your sensory organs. So when someone touches yo ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... insights into the principles of signal flow through a neural circuit under conditions of relevant operation (e.g. during a specific behavior), comprehensive in vivo measurements of microcircuit dynamics with the capability to resolve the temporal evolution of the neural network state are required. E ...
... insights into the principles of signal flow through a neural circuit under conditions of relevant operation (e.g. during a specific behavior), comprehensive in vivo measurements of microcircuit dynamics with the capability to resolve the temporal evolution of the neural network state are required. E ...
The Nervous System
... Neural basis of learning and memory Neural plasticity and changes to connections between neurons (including long-term potentiation and long-term depression) as the fundamental mechanisms of memory formation that leads to learning The role of neurotransmitters and neurohormones in the neural basis of ...
... Neural basis of learning and memory Neural plasticity and changes to connections between neurons (including long-term potentiation and long-term depression) as the fundamental mechanisms of memory formation that leads to learning The role of neurotransmitters and neurohormones in the neural basis of ...
Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function. Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues. Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.