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Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, Volcanoes Study Guide 1. The
Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, Volcanoes Study Guide 1. The

... 18. At which point will the most building damage happen as a result of the earthquake likely occur? 19. What is true about the focus? a. It is the point where the most surface damage will occur. ...
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... The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter ...
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... • The energy from an earthquake is released as seismic waves, that travel through Earth’s crust from the focus causing the ground to shake. • P waves – come first, compress and expand • S waves – come second, side to side • Surface waves- move along the surface, causes severe ground movements ...
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... What Causes an Earthquake? Most earthquakes occur when stress on earth’s crust becomes too great and the crust shifts and breaks releasing energy in waves. The focus is the place underground where the break first occurs. The epicenter is the location at Earth’s surface just above the focus. Vibr ...
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... of earthquakes occur every year, but most are not felt by humans.  A device called a SEISMOGRAPH detects them by measuring the waves from quakes. ...
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... Geology: Essential Question #2: What impact does the movement of tectonic plates have on the development of the Earth’s crust? Earthquake- A sudden release of pressure caused by plate movements. Seismology- The study of earthquakes. Seismograph- An instrument that determines the location and strengt ...
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Earthquake



An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, which can be violent enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. The severity of the shaking can range from barely felt to violent enough to toss people around. Earthquakes have destroyed whole cities. They result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national seismological observatories are measured mostly on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as the Richter magnitude scale. These two scales are numerically similar over their range of validity. Magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7 and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending on their depth. The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible magnitude. The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of March 2014), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal.At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity.In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether natural or caused by humans — that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter.
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