Plate Tectonics Earth, 9th edition – Chapter 2 Key
... 2. southern section was named Gondwana or Gondwanaland and northern section, Laurasia 3. the supercontinent broke in pieces about 200 million years ago ...
... 2. southern section was named Gondwana or Gondwanaland and northern section, Laurasia 3. the supercontinent broke in pieces about 200 million years ago ...
Morphology_of_Ocean_Basins
... Submarine canyons are a common feature of continental slopes. The smooth suface of the slopes are interrupted by canyons. ...
... Submarine canyons are a common feature of continental slopes. The smooth suface of the slopes are interrupted by canyons. ...
Atlantic Ocean
... Salinity is the total amount of solid material dissolved in water Dissolved substances in seawater are small numbers and therefore expressed in parts per thousand, %o Most of the salt in seawater is sodium ...
... Salinity is the total amount of solid material dissolved in water Dissolved substances in seawater are small numbers and therefore expressed in parts per thousand, %o Most of the salt in seawater is sodium ...
Slab rollback instability and supercontinent dispersal
... [e.g., Gurnis, 1988; Lenardic et al., 2011; c.f., Yoshida, 2013; Rolf et al., 2014]. If the mantle energy source is primarily from primordial heat, i.e., its Urey number is very low [Korenaga, 2008; Jaupart et al., 2007], then the heating of the subcontinental mantle could be too weak to induce disp ...
... [e.g., Gurnis, 1988; Lenardic et al., 2011; c.f., Yoshida, 2013; Rolf et al., 2014]. If the mantle energy source is primarily from primordial heat, i.e., its Urey number is very low [Korenaga, 2008; Jaupart et al., 2007], then the heating of the subcontinental mantle could be too weak to induce disp ...
Powerpoint Presentation Physical Geology, 10/e
... – Very flat regions at base of continental rise. – Composed of horizontal sediment layers probably deposited by turbidity currents. – Flattest features on the Earth. ...
... – Very flat regions at base of continental rise. – Composed of horizontal sediment layers probably deposited by turbidity currents. – Flattest features on the Earth. ...
EGU 2005 NJK abstract
... continental breakup and sea-floor spreading initiation is not depth-uniform intracontinental extension. Depth-uniform stretching of continental lithosphere cannot explain depth-dependent lithosphere stretching observed at both non-volcanic and volcanic rifted continental margins in which stretching ...
... continental breakup and sea-floor spreading initiation is not depth-uniform intracontinental extension. Depth-uniform stretching of continental lithosphere cannot explain depth-dependent lithosphere stretching observed at both non-volcanic and volcanic rifted continental margins in which stretching ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4
... Chemical weathering of rocks on continents is one source Second major source is Earth’s interior through volcanic eruptions Process called outgassing ...
... Chemical weathering of rocks on continents is one source Second major source is Earth’s interior through volcanic eruptions Process called outgassing ...
Define and discuss on Geothermal Gradients Submitted by WWW
... The geothermal gradient of 25 degrees centigrade/kilometer is thought to be restricted to the upper part of the crust. If it continued at this rate uniformly from the surface, the internal temperature of the earth would be greater than 2,000 degrees centigrade within the lithosphere—a temperature th ...
... The geothermal gradient of 25 degrees centigrade/kilometer is thought to be restricted to the upper part of the crust. If it continued at this rate uniformly from the surface, the internal temperature of the earth would be greater than 2,000 degrees centigrade within the lithosphere—a temperature th ...
Precambrian Time: Vast and Puzzling
... billion years • Many of these ancient fossils are preserved in chert—a hard, dense chemical sedimentary rock • Plant fossils date from the middle Precambrian, but animal fossils date to the late Precambrian (many are trace fossils) ...
... billion years • Many of these ancient fossils are preserved in chert—a hard, dense chemical sedimentary rock • Plant fossils date from the middle Precambrian, but animal fossils date to the late Precambrian (many are trace fossils) ...
Snowball Earth
... offer an out, but in fact made the situation worse: studies of the magnetic orientations of the rocks of the period showed that the continents were clustered around the equator rather than being near the poles as might have been hoped. The Snowball Earth theory argues backwards from the existence of ...
... offer an out, but in fact made the situation worse: studies of the magnetic orientations of the rocks of the period showed that the continents were clustered around the equator rather than being near the poles as might have been hoped. The Snowball Earth theory argues backwards from the existence of ...
Plate collision and mounting building separated by long periods of
... According to a popular scheme of orogenesis, superposition of thick nappe on continental crust results in concomitant mountain building. In many cases plate collision was not accompanied by mountain building which actually occurred 10-100 Myr later. Thus in East Carpathians 12 Ma ago thick nappe was ...
... According to a popular scheme of orogenesis, superposition of thick nappe on continental crust results in concomitant mountain building. In many cases plate collision was not accompanied by mountain building which actually occurred 10-100 Myr later. Thus in East Carpathians 12 Ma ago thick nappe was ...
Lecture 1.
... Seafloor spreading of the rifts opens into the existing ocean, the rift system is flooded with seawater and becomes a new sea. The Red Sea is an example of a new arm of the sea. The East African rift was thought to be a "failed" arm that was opening somewhat more slowly than the other two arms, but ...
... Seafloor spreading of the rifts opens into the existing ocean, the rift system is flooded with seawater and becomes a new sea. The Red Sea is an example of a new arm of the sea. The East African rift was thought to be a "failed" arm that was opening somewhat more slowly than the other two arms, but ...
Lab: Dance of the Continents
... time, science explained such cases by hypothesizing that land bridges had once connected far-flung continents. But, Wegener also noticed the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Putting the two together, he began to think that the similarities among organisms resulted from t ...
... time, science explained such cases by hypothesizing that land bridges had once connected far-flung continents. But, Wegener also noticed the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Putting the two together, he began to think that the similarities among organisms resulted from t ...
Powerpoint Review for Core Mantle Crust Test
... continents and at the beginning of the oceans (the continental shelf) is ________________. ...
... continents and at the beginning of the oceans (the continental shelf) is ________________. ...
A Brief Introduction to the Earth`s Surface
... multiply by 111 km per degree of latitude, or use the "ruler" from the menu to measure
the width directly]. Give your answer in kilometers:
...
... multiply by 111 km per degree of latitude, or use the "ruler" from the
In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word
... comes from the Greek root "to build." Putting these two words together, we get the term plate tectonics, which refers to how the Earth's surface is built of plates. The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small plates that ar ...
... comes from the Greek root "to build." Putting these two words together, we get the term plate tectonics, which refers to how the Earth's surface is built of plates. The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small plates that ar ...
Mountain Building Quiz
... 7) The Andes Mountains are made by a) Subduction of an oceanic plate beneath an oceanic plate. b) Tensional faulting. c) Compression of two continental plates. d) Subduction of an oceanic plate beneath a continental plate. ...
... 7) The Andes Mountains are made by a) Subduction of an oceanic plate beneath an oceanic plate. b) Tensional faulting. c) Compression of two continental plates. d) Subduction of an oceanic plate beneath a continental plate. ...
Plate Tectonics
... 1. the supercontinent was named Pangaea 2. southern section was named Gondwana or Gondwanaland and northern section, Laurasia 3. the supercontinent broke in pieces about 200 million years ago ...
... 1. the supercontinent was named Pangaea 2. southern section was named Gondwana or Gondwanaland and northern section, Laurasia 3. the supercontinent broke in pieces about 200 million years ago ...
Ocean Floor Power Point
... •Depth ranges from 200 meters to 4000 meters •Continent ends at bottom of continental slope ...
... •Depth ranges from 200 meters to 4000 meters •Continent ends at bottom of continental slope ...
12.479 Trace-Element Geochemistry
... figure 2 shows that if F1 (the melt fraction), is 1.6% in stage 1, the melt is highly enriched in incompatible elements, much like average continental crust and that if F2 is 4.5 to 8.3% in the second process, the incompatible element content of the melt created in process 2 is similar to that in av ...
... figure 2 shows that if F1 (the melt fraction), is 1.6% in stage 1, the melt is highly enriched in incompatible elements, much like average continental crust and that if F2 is 4.5 to 8.3% in the second process, the incompatible element content of the melt created in process 2 is similar to that in av ...
Chapter 23 The Geology of the Mesozoic Era
... • The Mesozoic began 248 mya and ended 65 mya – Three periods - Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous – breakup of Pangaea was the major geologic event – tectonism and sedimentation are used to classify the Mesozoic in N. America – Note the overlap in three styles of Cordilleran Orogeny ...
... • The Mesozoic began 248 mya and ended 65 mya – Three periods - Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous – breakup of Pangaea was the major geologic event – tectonism and sedimentation are used to classify the Mesozoic in N. America – Note the overlap in three styles of Cordilleran Orogeny ...
Review sheet – Chapter 3 Understand that the Earth is density
... continents); the oldest oceanic crust would therefore be closer to the continents, and the newest would be at or near the spreading center (mid-ocean ridge) Know that the rate of seafloor spreading is ~2-12cm per year Understand that the constant creation of new, oceanic crust must be balanced by th ...
... continents); the oldest oceanic crust would therefore be closer to the continents, and the newest would be at or near the spreading center (mid-ocean ridge) Know that the rate of seafloor spreading is ~2-12cm per year Understand that the constant creation of new, oceanic crust must be balanced by th ...
Lesson 4 – A Deeper Look at Plate Movement - Project 3D-VIEW
... The Outer and Inner Core: Beneath the mantle is the Earth’s core, the hottest layer of Earth. Unlike the crust and mantle, the core is not made of rock, but iron and nickel. The core is divided into two separate layers because of physical differences. The outer core is liquid metal, and the inner co ...
... The Outer and Inner Core: Beneath the mantle is the Earth’s core, the hottest layer of Earth. Unlike the crust and mantle, the core is not made of rock, but iron and nickel. The core is divided into two separate layers because of physical differences. The outer core is liquid metal, and the inner co ...
GSL abstract, K. H. James
... continental velocity and inherited zircons reported from other arcs reveal ancient continental fragments dispersed by rifting and drifting. The layer below the Lesser Antilles extends as far as Barbados, where produced oil correlates chemically with Venezuela’s Maracaibo crude. Good seismic correlat ...
... continental velocity and inherited zircons reported from other arcs reveal ancient continental fragments dispersed by rifting and drifting. The layer below the Lesser Antilles extends as far as Barbados, where produced oil correlates chemically with Venezuela’s Maracaibo crude. Good seismic correlat ...
Supercontinent
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of the Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, the definition of a supercontinent can be ambiguous. Many tectonicists such as P.F. Hoffman (1999) use the term ""supercontinent"" to mean ""a clustering of nearly all continents"". This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body and is easier to apply to Precambrian times. Using the first definition provided here, Gondwana (aka Gondwanaland) is not considered a supercontinent, because the landmasses of Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia also existed at the same time but physically separate from each other. The landmass of Pangaea is the collective name describing all of these continental masses when they were in a close proximity to one another. This would classify Pangaea as a supercontinent. According to the definition by Rogers and Santosh (2004), a supercontinent does not exist today. Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times in the geologic past (see table). The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early Jurassic. However, beyond 200 Ma, continental positions are much less certain.