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Photosynthesis - Mrs. Brenner's Biology
Photosynthesis - Mrs. Brenner's Biology

... • Genomics is the study of the genomes of humans and other organisms. • Sequencing the Bases  The Human Genome Project (HGP) produced a working draft of all the base pairs in all chromosomes.  Took 13 years to sequence three billion base pairs along the length of chromosomes. ...
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No Slide Title

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Page 1 Name KEY_______________________ Genetics C3032

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Mitochondrial DNA



Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants, in the chloroplast.In humans, mitochondrial DNA can be assessed as the smallest chromosome coding for 37 genes and containing approximately 16,600 base pairs. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. In most species, including humans, mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother.The DNA sequence of mtDNA has been determined from a large number of organisms and individuals (including some organisms that are extinct), and the comparison of those DNA sequences represents a mainstay of phylogenetics, in that it allows biologists to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among species. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and field biology.
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