Biotechnological Tools and Techniques
... AKA – Restriction Enzymes These enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences called recognition sites. The cuts at the recognition sites can be in the form of either blunt ends or sticky ends (with sticky ends being the more useful of the two). Restriction enzymes naturally occur in bacteria as a defense a ...
... AKA – Restriction Enzymes These enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences called recognition sites. The cuts at the recognition sites can be in the form of either blunt ends or sticky ends (with sticky ends being the more useful of the two). Restriction enzymes naturally occur in bacteria as a defense a ...
Sequencing the Human Genome
... 2. “Shock” these into the DNA of e-coli bacteria, and let them replicate the BACs to any degree. 3. Take each BAC and cut it into manageable pieces, using restriction enzymes. 4. Clone (artificially replicate) these pieces, so as to have enough to work with. This is known as PCR, or polymerase chain ...
... 2. “Shock” these into the DNA of e-coli bacteria, and let them replicate the BACs to any degree. 3. Take each BAC and cut it into manageable pieces, using restriction enzymes. 4. Clone (artificially replicate) these pieces, so as to have enough to work with. This is known as PCR, or polymerase chain ...
2421 _Ch8.ppt
... gene. The result of phenotype is a protein (or collection of proteins) written Pyr- or PyrB- (note use of capitalization when referring to protein) One phenotype can possibly be the result of different genotypes ...
... gene. The result of phenotype is a protein (or collection of proteins) written Pyr- or PyrB- (note use of capitalization when referring to protein) One phenotype can possibly be the result of different genotypes ...
Biotechnology II Recombinant DNA File
... 2. Plants infected with the bacteria will contain the gene of interest in their genome 3. The new plant grows and expresses the transferred gene 4. Micropropagation allows for many identical plants to be produced quickly ...
... 2. Plants infected with the bacteria will contain the gene of interest in their genome 3. The new plant grows and expresses the transferred gene 4. Micropropagation allows for many identical plants to be produced quickly ...
Exam 3
... pigment in hair, skin, and eyes. People with this disease have a complete lack of tyrosinase activity in their pigment cells (tyrosinase is an enzyme required for pigment production). BRIEFLY, explain how a missense mutation might cause this genetic disease. A missense mutation is a change in one nu ...
... pigment in hair, skin, and eyes. People with this disease have a complete lack of tyrosinase activity in their pigment cells (tyrosinase is an enzyme required for pigment production). BRIEFLY, explain how a missense mutation might cause this genetic disease. A missense mutation is a change in one nu ...
Social media policy
... The number of bases that are read at one time (that is the number of letters that will appear in each read). This differs between technologies, so optimum fragment length varies. Recessive allele A gene variant in one copy of a pair of genes that will not affect the individual. Reference genome An e ...
... The number of bases that are read at one time (that is the number of letters that will appear in each read). This differs between technologies, so optimum fragment length varies. Recessive allele A gene variant in one copy of a pair of genes that will not affect the individual. Reference genome An e ...
Evidence that a Safe Dose of Mutagen Does Not Exist
... We also know that the incidence of numerous cancers continue to increase (4.3% per year since 1992 for liver). This further confirms that repair pathways are by no means failsafe. (see point 9 below) 4. Most of the inherited gene defects that predispose an individual to cancer (i.e. the 1-2 % of can ...
... We also know that the incidence of numerous cancers continue to increase (4.3% per year since 1992 for liver). This further confirms that repair pathways are by no means failsafe. (see point 9 below) 4. Most of the inherited gene defects that predispose an individual to cancer (i.e. the 1-2 % of can ...
Genomics
... What does the draft human genome sequence tell us? How It's Arranged • The human genome's gene-dense "urban centers" are predominantly composed of the DNA building blocks G and C. • In contrast, the gene-poor "deserts" are rich in the DNA building blocks A and T. GC- and AT-rich regions usually can ...
... What does the draft human genome sequence tell us? How It's Arranged • The human genome's gene-dense "urban centers" are predominantly composed of the DNA building blocks G and C. • In contrast, the gene-poor "deserts" are rich in the DNA building blocks A and T. GC- and AT-rich regions usually can ...
2054, Chap. 13, page 1 I. Microbial Recombination and Plasmids
... genotype different from either parent (exchange of DNA between different genes) 1. occurs during meiosis as crossing over between homologous chromosomes 2. genetic recombination (homologous recombination) is the most common form, involving reciprocal exchange between a pair of homologous DNA sequenc ...
... genotype different from either parent (exchange of DNA between different genes) 1. occurs during meiosis as crossing over between homologous chromosomes 2. genetic recombination (homologous recombination) is the most common form, involving reciprocal exchange between a pair of homologous DNA sequenc ...
Eukaryogenesis, endosymbiosis, LECA (HGT) RAL evoluzon? RAL
... Modern mitochondria ~16% of the mitochondrial yeast proteins are of alpha-‐ proteobacterial origin. ...
... Modern mitochondria ~16% of the mitochondrial yeast proteins are of alpha-‐ proteobacterial origin. ...
幻灯片 1
... Gene mutations can occur for a variety of reasons, and have a range of effects, from benign to malignant. Benign mutations in genetic material explain why people look very different, for example, while cancer is caused by malignant genetic mutations. ...
... Gene mutations can occur for a variety of reasons, and have a range of effects, from benign to malignant. Benign mutations in genetic material explain why people look very different, for example, while cancer is caused by malignant genetic mutations. ...
Slide 1 - Loyola Blakefield
... • Enables researchers to detect whether certain DNA sequences exist in a sample. • Bands from electrophoresis are “blotted” onto a special paper, and treated with a radioactive DNA single strand. ...
... • Enables researchers to detect whether certain DNA sequences exist in a sample. • Bands from electrophoresis are “blotted” onto a special paper, and treated with a radioactive DNA single strand. ...
The protein that assesses distances
... “DNA is tightly packaged because otherwise it wouldn’t fit inside the cell nucleus, as we’re talking about over two metres of strand in total if we consider the complete human genome. This, though, has the disadvantage of having to unpack it each time it’s needed, a task carried out by the remode ...
... “DNA is tightly packaged because otherwise it wouldn’t fit inside the cell nucleus, as we’re talking about over two metres of strand in total if we consider the complete human genome. This, though, has the disadvantage of having to unpack it each time it’s needed, a task carried out by the remode ...
CHAPTER 10
... have been sequenced. • In 2004 the “finished” version of the human genome was reported. – It contains about 20,000 genes. – Alternate splicing of messenger RNA may account for several proteins from one gene. – Post-translational modifications also account for different protein functions. ...
... have been sequenced. • In 2004 the “finished” version of the human genome was reported. – It contains about 20,000 genes. – Alternate splicing of messenger RNA may account for several proteins from one gene. – Post-translational modifications also account for different protein functions. ...
CH 23 Part 2 Modern Genetics
... For many hereditary traits, genes exist in two or more different forms called alleles. On each pair of chromosomes, there is one allele for a particular gene on each. ex. A, B, O blood groups. In humans there are 3 alleles: A, B, and O. ...
... For many hereditary traits, genes exist in two or more different forms called alleles. On each pair of chromosomes, there is one allele for a particular gene on each. ex. A, B, O blood groups. In humans there are 3 alleles: A, B, and O. ...
During DNA replication, which of the following segments would be
... Transcription of the DNA sequence below: AAGCTGGGA would most directly result in which of the following? A a sequence of three amino acids, linked by ...
... Transcription of the DNA sequence below: AAGCTGGGA would most directly result in which of the following? A a sequence of three amino acids, linked by ...
Evolution of Genomes
... sp = sq rt [((n1 - 1) s12 + (n2 -1) s22)/(n1 + n2 -2)] The t-statistic is then determined by: t = (y1 - y2)/(sp * sq rt [1/ n1 + 1/ n2] In this case, t < -1.771 (Eubacterial origin) ...
... sp = sq rt [((n1 - 1) s12 + (n2 -1) s22)/(n1 + n2 -2)] The t-statistic is then determined by: t = (y1 - y2)/(sp * sq rt [1/ n1 + 1/ n2] In this case, t < -1.771 (Eubacterial origin) ...
Biology Sample Questions Does the presence of DNA help
... A. Rhesus monkeys and mice do not share a common ancestor. B. Hemoglobin is more important to frogs than to other organisms. C. Humans and rhesus monkeys are more similar than chickens and frogs. D. Amino acids are the building blocks of hemoglobin in all organisms except humans. ...
... A. Rhesus monkeys and mice do not share a common ancestor. B. Hemoglobin is more important to frogs than to other organisms. C. Humans and rhesus monkeys are more similar than chickens and frogs. D. Amino acids are the building blocks of hemoglobin in all organisms except humans. ...
Evolution of eukaryote genomes
... more DNA content than bacteria. •While eukaryotes have more genes than bacteria, the difference in gene content is not as great as the difference in DNA content: there is much more noncoding DNA in eukaryotes ...
... more DNA content than bacteria. •While eukaryotes have more genes than bacteria, the difference in gene content is not as great as the difference in DNA content: there is much more noncoding DNA in eukaryotes ...
slides
... • Bacterial genomes are streamlined, genes are closely packed with relatively little spacer DNA and few introns • Mammalian genome contains enormous amounts of nongene DNA including introns, spacer DNA between genes and various types of repetitive DNA sequences with similarities to transposons. Also ...
... • Bacterial genomes are streamlined, genes are closely packed with relatively little spacer DNA and few introns • Mammalian genome contains enormous amounts of nongene DNA including introns, spacer DNA between genes and various types of repetitive DNA sequences with similarities to transposons. Also ...
Document
... Translocated genes might be expressed to provide products that are targeted to all parts of the cell; there is no magic homing device that targets the products of transferred genes back to the organelle of their origin. ...
... Translocated genes might be expressed to provide products that are targeted to all parts of the cell; there is no magic homing device that targets the products of transferred genes back to the organelle of their origin. ...
Introduction to Next-Generation Sequence analysis
... • Population genetics – The study of inherited variation in populations of individuals – Forces, such as environment, that result in changing gene frequencies over generations ...
... • Population genetics – The study of inherited variation in populations of individuals – Forces, such as environment, that result in changing gene frequencies over generations ...
human_genome_sum.pdf
... Mutation and Crossing Over Most new mutations in humans arise during meiosis. Mutations during meiosis occur two times more frequently in males compared to females. Recombination rates are higher in distal regions of chromosomes and on shorter chromosome arms Expect at least one crossover per chrom ...
... Mutation and Crossing Over Most new mutations in humans arise during meiosis. Mutations during meiosis occur two times more frequently in males compared to females. Recombination rates are higher in distal regions of chromosomes and on shorter chromosome arms Expect at least one crossover per chrom ...
DNA extraction- Genomic DNA was extracted from skin tissues
... Lyrholm et al. (1996) reported that haplotype and nucleotide diversities for the 300bp of the mtDNA control region, which was nearly homologous to our present study, among the 37 sperm whales collected from the world-wide oceanic areas (North Atlantic n=10, North Pacific n=16, and Southern Hemispher ...
... Lyrholm et al. (1996) reported that haplotype and nucleotide diversities for the 300bp of the mtDNA control region, which was nearly homologous to our present study, among the 37 sperm whales collected from the world-wide oceanic areas (North Atlantic n=10, North Pacific n=16, and Southern Hemispher ...
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants, in the chloroplast.In humans, mitochondrial DNA can be assessed as the smallest chromosome coding for 37 genes and containing approximately 16,600 base pairs. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. In most species, including humans, mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother.The DNA sequence of mtDNA has been determined from a large number of organisms and individuals (including some organisms that are extinct), and the comparison of those DNA sequences represents a mainstay of phylogenetics, in that it allows biologists to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among species. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and field biology.