Measurement and assignment of the size-dependent
... the first transition in our analysis. In agreement with previous work, our fits show that transition linewidths increase with increasing energy11,19 ~Fig. 3! and decreasing size.16,19 Rough estimates of oscillator strength based on our fits also confirm that excited-state transitions are comparable ...
... the first transition in our analysis. In agreement with previous work, our fits show that transition linewidths increase with increasing energy11,19 ~Fig. 3! and decreasing size.16,19 Rough estimates of oscillator strength based on our fits also confirm that excited-state transitions are comparable ...
Spin effects in semiconductor quantum dot structures
... single-particle states with energies Ea and Eb crossing each other at B = B0 . The electrochemical potential, (1) (=total energy), of the ground state (GS) for one electron occupying these states, equals Ea for B ¡ B0 and Eb for B ¿ B0 (thick line in Fig. 1(a)). For two electrons we can distinguish ...
... single-particle states with energies Ea and Eb crossing each other at B = B0 . The electrochemical potential, (1) (=total energy), of the ground state (GS) for one electron occupying these states, equals Ea for B ¡ B0 and Eb for B ¿ B0 (thick line in Fig. 1(a)). For two electrons we can distinguish ...
Exponential and Power-Law Kinetics in Single-Molecule
... from the shot noise of photon counting, where the lower level equals the background intensity. Many periods of background intensitysin the following denoted as “off” timesswith a short duration and one considerably longer are visible in part c. Contrarily, in Figure 1b, the “off” states appear to be ...
... from the shot noise of photon counting, where the lower level equals the background intensity. Many periods of background intensitysin the following denoted as “off” timesswith a short duration and one considerably longer are visible in part c. Contrarily, in Figure 1b, the “off” states appear to be ...
Ab Initio Calculations on Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties
... have reported the Eg of 0.75 eV and 2.68 eV using the LDA and mBJLDA potentials, respectively [28]. In the present study, similar generic nature is observed in the band structure of w-ZnO using mBJLDA and PBE-GGA. First valence band at Г locates between 0 and −1 eV in both the band structures obtain ...
... have reported the Eg of 0.75 eV and 2.68 eV using the LDA and mBJLDA potentials, respectively [28]. In the present study, similar generic nature is observed in the band structure of w-ZnO using mBJLDA and PBE-GGA. First valence band at Г locates between 0 and −1 eV in both the band structures obtain ...
Quantum Phase Transitions
... what happens when the temperature around the critical point is below some characteristic energy of the system under consideration [2]. For example, the characteristic energy of an atom would be the Ryberg energy. We see a characteristic frequency ωc and it follows that quantum mechanics should be im ...
... what happens when the temperature around the critical point is below some characteristic energy of the system under consideration [2]. For example, the characteristic energy of an atom would be the Ryberg energy. We see a characteristic frequency ωc and it follows that quantum mechanics should be im ...
Testing the foundations of classical entropy
... considered how the probabilities of different collections of states would change if the observer chose to ‘undistinguish’ specific subsets of such particles. This act merges previously distinct macrostates, whose probabilities therefore must be added together. Gibbs found that the entropy switches fr ...
... considered how the probabilities of different collections of states would change if the observer chose to ‘undistinguish’ specific subsets of such particles. This act merges previously distinct macrostates, whose probabilities therefore must be added together. Gibbs found that the entropy switches fr ...
Document
... metallic surfaces, photoelectrons are emitted. • Einstein applied the idea of light quanta: In a photoemission process, a single photon gives up all its energy to a single electron. ...
... metallic surfaces, photoelectrons are emitted. • Einstein applied the idea of light quanta: In a photoemission process, a single photon gives up all its energy to a single electron. ...
Full text
... two fundamental weaknesses. (1) The Pauli exclusion principle is not adequately taken into account, since no spin wave functions are introduced. Therefore, spin is not allowed to exert any influence on the energy levels. An obvious consequence is the fact that excited states, where two electrons are ...
... two fundamental weaknesses. (1) The Pauli exclusion principle is not adequately taken into account, since no spin wave functions are introduced. Therefore, spin is not allowed to exert any influence on the energy levels. An obvious consequence is the fact that excited states, where two electrons are ...
Quantum chemical methods for high-energy
... For a given Hamiltonian, equation (2.1) can have many solutions, but normally we are most interested in the solution with the lowest energy E: the ground-state wavefunction and energy. For molecular systems, the wavefunction will be a function of the electronic and nuclear coordinates, denoted r and ...
... For a given Hamiltonian, equation (2.1) can have many solutions, but normally we are most interested in the solution with the lowest energy E: the ground-state wavefunction and energy. For molecular systems, the wavefunction will be a function of the electronic and nuclear coordinates, denoted r and ...
20070822140014201
... context of QCD. At the chiral phase transition we provide compelling evidence from lattice and phenomenological instanton liquid models that the QCD Dirac operator undergoes a metal - insulator transition similar to the one observed in a disordered conductor. This suggests that Anderson localization ...
... context of QCD. At the chiral phase transition we provide compelling evidence from lattice and phenomenological instanton liquid models that the QCD Dirac operator undergoes a metal - insulator transition similar to the one observed in a disordered conductor. This suggests that Anderson localization ...
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Chapter 33 Quantum Mechanics The Uncertainty Principle
... In the last chapter, we used an analysis of the two slit electron diffraction experiment to introduce the position-momentum form of the uncertainty principle. In this chapter we will use an experiment involving the analysis of a pulsed laser beam to introduce the time-energy form. Since the 1990s, i ...
... In the last chapter, we used an analysis of the two slit electron diffraction experiment to introduce the position-momentum form of the uncertainty principle. In this chapter we will use an experiment involving the analysis of a pulsed laser beam to introduce the time-energy form. Since the 1990s, i ...
Relation between the characteristic molecular volume and
... questions is how the structure of a molecule relates to its hydrophobicity. Thermodynamic functions of hydration of solute A DhydrfA (f = G, H, S) are greatly influenced by the hydrophobic effect. Their experimental values are a good starting point to analyze this phenomenon using various models of h ...
... questions is how the structure of a molecule relates to its hydrophobicity. Thermodynamic functions of hydration of solute A DhydrfA (f = G, H, S) are greatly influenced by the hydrophobic effect. Their experimental values are a good starting point to analyze this phenomenon using various models of h ...
Franck–Condon principle
The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in spectroscopy and quantum chemistry that explains the intensity of vibronic transitions. Vibronic transitions are the simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational energy levels of a molecule due to the absorption or emission of a photon of the appropriate energy. The principle states that during an electronic transition, a change from one vibrational energy level to another will be more likely to happen if the two vibrational wave functions overlap more significantly.