Chemical sedimentary rocks
... Loose sediments are transformed into rock, that is they are lithified, by compaction, recrystallization, and cementation. Together, these changes are commonly referred to as diagenesis. ...
... Loose sediments are transformed into rock, that is they are lithified, by compaction, recrystallization, and cementation. Together, these changes are commonly referred to as diagenesis. ...
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... reactions. Igneous rocks are commonly attacked by water. particularly acid or alkaline solutions. In this process the minerals within the rock are changed into particles that can be easily carried away.Weathering Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rock by chemical reaction. ...
... reactions. Igneous rocks are commonly attacked by water. particularly acid or alkaline solutions. In this process the minerals within the rock are changed into particles that can be easily carried away.Weathering Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rock by chemical reaction. ...
Weathering, Erosion, and Plate Tectonics
... Wearing Down and Building Up the Earth’s Surface ► Weathering ...
... Wearing Down and Building Up the Earth’s Surface ► Weathering ...
Igneous Rocks
... • Metamorphism occurs because each mineral has a specific temperature/pressure/chemical environment stability range • Remember, these changes occur while the rock is still solid ...
... • Metamorphism occurs because each mineral has a specific temperature/pressure/chemical environment stability range • Remember, these changes occur while the rock is still solid ...
2012 P1
... for domestic/industrial use. (iii) Water: Some rocks acts as storage for water which can be supplied for domestic /industrial/agricultural (8) a)(i) Hydration: in hydration certain rock minerals absorb water and expand. This causes internal stress in the rock and it eventually disintegrates (ii) Oxi ...
... for domestic/industrial use. (iii) Water: Some rocks acts as storage for water which can be supplied for domestic /industrial/agricultural (8) a)(i) Hydration: in hydration certain rock minerals absorb water and expand. This causes internal stress in the rock and it eventually disintegrates (ii) Oxi ...
EPSC 240 – Fall 2016 C. Rowe – McGill University Volcanic Rocks
... Texture of volcanic/extrusive rocks Volcanic rocks have some distinctive textural characteristics that distinguish them from their intrusive counterparts. The matrix (often called groundmass) of the rocks is usually very fine-grained, to the point of grains being invisible even with a hand lens (aph ...
... Texture of volcanic/extrusive rocks Volcanic rocks have some distinctive textural characteristics that distinguish them from their intrusive counterparts. The matrix (often called groundmass) of the rocks is usually very fine-grained, to the point of grains being invisible even with a hand lens (aph ...
Earth History
... 4 steps produce an unconformity 1. Uplift – area of crust uplifted above sea level (deposition – under water) 2. Erosion – some time after 3. Submergence (subsidence) below sea level 4. Deposition – new sediments deposited on top of the buried eroded surface ...
... 4 steps produce an unconformity 1. Uplift – area of crust uplifted above sea level (deposition – under water) 2. Erosion – some time after 3. Submergence (subsidence) below sea level 4. Deposition – new sediments deposited on top of the buried eroded surface ...
Geologic History
... 4 steps produce an unconformity 1. Uplift – area of crust uplifted above sea level (deposition – under water) 2. Erosion – some time after 3. Submergence (subsidence) below sea level 4. Deposition – new sediments deposited on top of the buried eroded surface ...
... 4 steps produce an unconformity 1. Uplift – area of crust uplifted above sea level (deposition – under water) 2. Erosion – some time after 3. Submergence (subsidence) below sea level 4. Deposition – new sediments deposited on top of the buried eroded surface ...
Joost
... • Weathering rates are similar to measured field rates, but not laboratory rates • CO2 supply from the atmosphere into the basalt appears to limit weathering in LEO ...
... • Weathering rates are similar to measured field rates, but not laboratory rates • CO2 supply from the atmosphere into the basalt appears to limit weathering in LEO ...
Rocks, Minerals, and Soil Final
... Freeze-thaw cycle/water freezes, expands in the cracks, and then breaks the rock into smaller pieces; happening wherever there is cold and warm climates. Wave motion/waves are notorious for rolling rocks along the bottom of the sea smashing them into other rocks and slowly breaking them down; happen ...
... Freeze-thaw cycle/water freezes, expands in the cracks, and then breaks the rock into smaller pieces; happening wherever there is cold and warm climates. Wave motion/waves are notorious for rolling rocks along the bottom of the sea smashing them into other rocks and slowly breaking them down; happen ...
Rocks, Minerals, and Soil Final
... Freeze-thaw cycle/water freezes, expands in the cracks, and then breaks the rock into smaller pieces; happening wherever there is cold and warm climates. Wave motion/waves are notorious for rolling rocks along the bottom of the sea smashing them into other rocks and slowly breaking them down; happen ...
... Freeze-thaw cycle/water freezes, expands in the cracks, and then breaks the rock into smaller pieces; happening wherever there is cold and warm climates. Wave motion/waves are notorious for rolling rocks along the bottom of the sea smashing them into other rocks and slowly breaking them down; happen ...
Soil Layers - Harperclass
... silt, and clay soils is their grain size. They are also made up of different minerals. • Smallest to largest rock particles. clay, silt, sand ...
... silt, and clay soils is their grain size. They are also made up of different minerals. • Smallest to largest rock particles. clay, silt, sand ...
Rock cycle, true or false Questions
... False – Lava is extruded onto the surface. It is magma which solidifies underground. ...
... False – Lava is extruded onto the surface. It is magma which solidifies underground. ...
The Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle
... (I.e., no obvious climate dependence of tectonics or organic carbon geochemical cycle.) ...
... (I.e., no obvious climate dependence of tectonics or organic carbon geochemical cycle.) ...
Rocks Notes
... 3) Biological sedimentary rocks -Formed of biological sediment or affected by biological activity -Ex. -Coal – made of decomposed plant material -Coquina – made of shell fragments (calcite) -Fossil limestone – limestone containing fossils Metamorphic Rocks -Rocks that have been changed by heat and o ...
... 3) Biological sedimentary rocks -Formed of biological sediment or affected by biological activity -Ex. -Coal – made of decomposed plant material -Coquina – made of shell fragments (calcite) -Fossil limestone – limestone containing fossils Metamorphic Rocks -Rocks that have been changed by heat and o ...
Soil Vocabulary
... Subsoil • Made up mostly of clay • Under the topsoil • Not as good for growing plants ...
... Subsoil • Made up mostly of clay • Under the topsoil • Not as good for growing plants ...
Silicate rock weathering and atmospheric/soil CO2 consumed by
... inorganic materials to be exported as particulate and dissolved phases by rivers into the oceans. The chemical and mechanical erosion of soil organic matter releases dissolved and particulate organic carbon, originating from atmospheric CO2, via photosynthesis, and transported into the oceans (360 T ...
... inorganic materials to be exported as particulate and dissolved phases by rivers into the oceans. The chemical and mechanical erosion of soil organic matter releases dissolved and particulate organic carbon, originating from atmospheric CO2, via photosynthesis, and transported into the oceans (360 T ...
Weathering and Erosion Vocabulary
... 8) ____________________: The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth’s surface 9) ____________________: The process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands 10) ____________________: A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layer ...
... 8) ____________________: The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth’s surface 9) ____________________: The process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands 10) ____________________: A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layer ...
Rock Types - Volcanoes Alive!
... The magma cools slowly because of the surrounding rock. These rocks are coarse grained. An example is granite. Extrusive igneous rocks, on the other hand, are formed when magma reaches the surface of Earth and cools quickly. Mineral crystals cannot grow very large during this rapid cooling, so the r ...
... The magma cools slowly because of the surrounding rock. These rocks are coarse grained. An example is granite. Extrusive igneous rocks, on the other hand, are formed when magma reaches the surface of Earth and cools quickly. Mineral crystals cannot grow very large during this rapid cooling, so the r ...
Weathering, soil formation and initial ecosystem evolution on a
... resolved sampling of a high variable natural system. In particular, plants and microorganisms can increase the rate of weathering of minerals by taking up ions from the soil solution, removing the dissolution products of minerals, and through the exudation of protons, low molecular weight organic ac ...
... resolved sampling of a high variable natural system. In particular, plants and microorganisms can increase the rate of weathering of minerals by taking up ions from the soil solution, removing the dissolution products of minerals, and through the exudation of protons, low molecular weight organic ac ...
2.0 The Rock Cycle describes how rocks form and change over time
... Types of sedimentary rock include: -shale (formed from fine clay or mud) -sandstone (sand, made of quartz) -conglomerate (pebbles and small stones cemented together) -limestone (organic sedimentary rock, containing fossils - plant and animal remains) -organic sedimentary rock forms from living mater ...
... Types of sedimentary rock include: -shale (formed from fine clay or mud) -sandstone (sand, made of quartz) -conglomerate (pebbles and small stones cemented together) -limestone (organic sedimentary rock, containing fossils - plant and animal remains) -organic sedimentary rock forms from living mater ...
The Rock Cycle
... metamorphic rock slate by heat and pressure. Granite and Basalt They are both igneous rocks. Granite makes up most of the continental crust and basalt makes up oceanic crust. Obsidian and Pumice They are both igneous rocks formed by the quick cooling of lava. Obsidian is from lava that flowed and pu ...
... metamorphic rock slate by heat and pressure. Granite and Basalt They are both igneous rocks. Granite makes up most of the continental crust and basalt makes up oceanic crust. Obsidian and Pumice They are both igneous rocks formed by the quick cooling of lava. Obsidian is from lava that flowed and pu ...
Introduction to geology
... The geological time scale Relative and absolute dating (‘clocks in rocks’) Reading history in the rocks Inside the earth Journey to the centre of the Earth The changing earth Plate tectonics; earthquakes and volcanoes Minerals – the building blocks of rocks Physical and chemical properties of minera ...
... The geological time scale Relative and absolute dating (‘clocks in rocks’) Reading history in the rocks Inside the earth Journey to the centre of the Earth The changing earth Plate tectonics; earthquakes and volcanoes Minerals – the building blocks of rocks Physical and chemical properties of minera ...
Weathering
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil and minerals as well as artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters. Weathering occurs in situ, roughly translated to: ""with no movement"" , and thus should not be confused with erosion, which involves the movement of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, snow, wind, waves and gravity and then being transported and deposited in other locations.Two important classifications of weathering processes exist – physical and chemical weathering; each sometimes involves a biological component. Mechanical or physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure. The second classification, chemical weathering, involves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals also known as biological weathering in the breakdown of rocks, soils and minerals. While physical weathering is accentuated in very cold or very dry environments, chemical reactions are most intense where the climate is wet and hot. However, both types of weathering occur together, and each tends to accelerate the other. For example, physical abrasion (rubbing together) decreases the size of particles and therefore increases their surface area, making them more susceptible to rapid chemical reactions. The various agents act in concert to convert primary minerals (feldspars and micas) to secondary minerals (clays and carbonates) and release plant nutrient elements in soluble forms.The materials left over after the rock breaks down combined with organic material creates soil. The mineral content of the soil is determined by the parent material, thus a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good fertility, while a soil weathered from a mix of rock types (as in glacial, aeolian or alluvial sediments) often makes more fertile soil. In addition, many of Earth's landforms and landscapes are the result of weathering processes combined with erosion and re-deposition.