Lectures by Erin Barley Kathleen Fitzpatrick From Gene to Protein
... • Some introns contain sequences that may regulate gene expression • Some genes can encode more than one kind of polypeptide, depending on which segments are treated as exons during splicing • This is called alternative RNA splicing • Consequently, the number of different proteins an organism can pr ...
... • Some introns contain sequences that may regulate gene expression • Some genes can encode more than one kind of polypeptide, depending on which segments are treated as exons during splicing • This is called alternative RNA splicing • Consequently, the number of different proteins an organism can pr ...
Slide 1
... Summary of RNA Transcription Mechanism 1) Transcription begins when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a promoter region. 2) The enzyme separates the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds, and then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand o ...
... Summary of RNA Transcription Mechanism 1) Transcription begins when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a promoter region. 2) The enzyme separates the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds, and then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand o ...
The Structure and Function of Proteins Chapter 5 (continued)
... • Quaternary structure results when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains ...
... • Quaternary structure results when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains ...
Carbon Compounds slideshow Carbon Compounds
... 6. Control what goes in and out of cells through cell _membranes___________ ...
... 6. Control what goes in and out of cells through cell _membranes___________ ...
BI ACE_02 .
... the long chain of amino acids in the protein molecule. Proteins differ in the variety, number and order of their constituent amino acids. In the living cell, the sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain is controlled by coded instructions stored in DNA of nucleus. ...
... the long chain of amino acids in the protein molecule. Proteins differ in the variety, number and order of their constituent amino acids. In the living cell, the sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain is controlled by coded instructions stored in DNA of nucleus. ...
03_Physical-chemical properties of proteins
... • Much of modern biochemistry depends on the use of column chromatographic methods to separate molecules. • Chromatographic methods involve passing a solution (the mobile phase) through a medium (the immobile phase) that shows selective solute components. • The important methods of chromatography ar ...
... • Much of modern biochemistry depends on the use of column chromatographic methods to separate molecules. • Chromatographic methods involve passing a solution (the mobile phase) through a medium (the immobile phase) that shows selective solute components. • The important methods of chromatography ar ...
proteins - MBBS Students Club
... Stabilized by the Hydrogen & ionic bonding. Connect the successive strands of anti parallel Beta sheets ...
... Stabilized by the Hydrogen & ionic bonding. Connect the successive strands of anti parallel Beta sheets ...
Chapter 5 Polypeptides Geometry of Peptide Bond
... • Chemical derivative made and separated by HPLC (Figure 4.22) ...
... • Chemical derivative made and separated by HPLC (Figure 4.22) ...
Chapter 5 Polypeptides Geometry of Peptide Bond
... structure. The SDS molecules bind to the extended structure at a ratio of about 1 SDS molecule for each amino acid residue, or about 1.4 g SDS per g protein. Rod-like structures are formed, where the charge along the rod is uniformly negative from the sulfate anions, swamping out any charges from pr ...
... structure. The SDS molecules bind to the extended structure at a ratio of about 1 SDS molecule for each amino acid residue, or about 1.4 g SDS per g protein. Rod-like structures are formed, where the charge along the rod is uniformly negative from the sulfate anions, swamping out any charges from pr ...
Chapter summaries
... product. These mechanisms include acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis, proximity and orientation effects together with preferential binding of the transition state complex. The latter effect is responsible for the greatest enhancement of catalytic activity in enzymes. 13. Ca ...
... product. These mechanisms include acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis, proximity and orientation effects together with preferential binding of the transition state complex. The latter effect is responsible for the greatest enhancement of catalytic activity in enzymes. 13. Ca ...
n - IBIVU
... RNase A) may convert to monomers, as indicated by the backward arrow. B: Over time, amino acid substitutions may stabilize an interface that does not exist in the closed monomers. This interface formed between open monomers is referred to as the 0- (open) interface. The 0-interface can involve domai ...
... RNase A) may convert to monomers, as indicated by the backward arrow. B: Over time, amino acid substitutions may stabilize an interface that does not exist in the closed monomers. This interface formed between open monomers is referred to as the 0- (open) interface. The 0-interface can involve domai ...
Transcription
... the minimal transcription initation complex. • Next, TFIIE and TFIIH bind to produce the complete transcription initiation complex (or preinitiation complex, PIC). ...
... the minimal transcription initation complex. • Next, TFIIE and TFIIH bind to produce the complete transcription initiation complex (or preinitiation complex, PIC). ...
By controlling Protein Synthesis
... “leaders” and “trailers”, areas of RNA that are not read. • Similar to leaders or trailers on cassette tapes. ...
... “leaders” and “trailers”, areas of RNA that are not read. • Similar to leaders or trailers on cassette tapes. ...
Forces Produced by Protofilament Curls Nucleotide Preference for End Binding Proteins
... • GTPγS microtubules had brighter tips than GTP microtubules • EB3 showed the greatest binding affinity at the tip for both microtubule types • EB2 showed the greatest binding affinity for GTPγS microtubul ...
... • GTPγS microtubules had brighter tips than GTP microtubules • EB3 showed the greatest binding affinity at the tip for both microtubule types • EB2 showed the greatest binding affinity for GTPγS microtubul ...
phase transition
... Eggs, turkeys, pies, and cakes all have complicated phase behavior. 1) Explain what those transitions are 2) Why they occur 3) How to control them All to make you a better chef ...
... Eggs, turkeys, pies, and cakes all have complicated phase behavior. 1) Explain what those transitions are 2) Why they occur 3) How to control them All to make you a better chef ...
1 slide per page
... - can be bound to proteins to “anchor” them to membranes - examples of attaching of the lipids to the proteins: myristoylation, palmitoylation ...
... - can be bound to proteins to “anchor” them to membranes - examples of attaching of the lipids to the proteins: myristoylation, palmitoylation ...
RNA
... to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA. • So, RNA is making a single-stranded copy from DNA that takes information out of the nucleus. ...
... to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA. • So, RNA is making a single-stranded copy from DNA that takes information out of the nucleus. ...
Chapter 17
... enzymes and to provide a starting site for ribosomes in translation - 3’ poly A tail is added to protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes and to help with mRNA export from the nucleus ...
... enzymes and to provide a starting site for ribosomes in translation - 3’ poly A tail is added to protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes and to help with mRNA export from the nucleus ...
The Hidden Genetic Program of Complex Organisms
... plexed with proteins. Within cells, small chemical tags (such as methyl and acetyl groups) can attach to segments of the DNA and to the chromatin proteins and thereby determine whether the genes in the associated DNA will be accessible for transcription or will stay silent. Recent results indicate t ...
... plexed with proteins. Within cells, small chemical tags (such as methyl and acetyl groups) can attach to segments of the DNA and to the chromatin proteins and thereby determine whether the genes in the associated DNA will be accessible for transcription or will stay silent. Recent results indicate t ...
RNA PP
... to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA. • So, RNA is making a single-stranded copy from DNA that takes information out of the nucleus. ...
... to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA. • So, RNA is making a single-stranded copy from DNA that takes information out of the nucleus. ...
CH. 12.3 : DNA, RNA, and Protein
... Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) • 3 types of RNA – 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA), single, uncoiled strand which brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. – 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), globular form, makes up the ribosome –the construction site of proteins binds (site of protein sy ...
... Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) • 3 types of RNA – 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA), single, uncoiled strand which brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. – 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), globular form, makes up the ribosome –the construction site of proteins binds (site of protein sy ...
Nerve activates contraction - Jackson County School District
... • mRNA processing before it leaves the nucleus • Gene regulation in Bacteria: • The Operon- A group, or cluster, of genes (that make work together) or a segment of DNA that functions as a single transcription unit. It is comprised of an operator, a promoter, and one or more structural genes that are ...
... • mRNA processing before it leaves the nucleus • Gene regulation in Bacteria: • The Operon- A group, or cluster, of genes (that make work together) or a segment of DNA that functions as a single transcription unit. It is comprised of an operator, a promoter, and one or more structural genes that are ...
Protein Synthesis
... sequences of bases within the proteincoding sequences that do not code for amino acids in the final protein noncoding regions within the genes are called introns (intervening sequences) protein-coding sequences are called exons (expressed sequences) a eukaryotic gene may have multiple introns and ex ...
... sequences of bases within the proteincoding sequences that do not code for amino acids in the final protein noncoding regions within the genes are called introns (intervening sequences) protein-coding sequences are called exons (expressed sequences) a eukaryotic gene may have multiple introns and ex ...
PDF (Title Page, Abstract, Acknowledgements, Table of Contents
... in a multicellular organism, it is difficult to monitor dynamic changes in protein synthesis in a specific cell type within its native environment. In this thesis, we describe methods that enable the metabolic labeling, purification, and analysis of proteins in specific cell types and during defined ...
... in a multicellular organism, it is difficult to monitor dynamic changes in protein synthesis in a specific cell type within its native environment. In this thesis, we describe methods that enable the metabolic labeling, purification, and analysis of proteins in specific cell types and during defined ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.