Slide 1
... transcription in bacteria and eukaryotic cells • In bacteria, the two principle mechanisms involve RNA polymerase and one of these also requires the termination factor Rho • In eukaryotes, the mechanisms for terminating transcription differ for each of the three types of RNA polymerase ...
... transcription in bacteria and eukaryotic cells • In bacteria, the two principle mechanisms involve RNA polymerase and one of these also requires the termination factor Rho • In eukaryotes, the mechanisms for terminating transcription differ for each of the three types of RNA polymerase ...
Julie Little Virginia Highlands Community College Ricin
... determined by the cell’s DNA. All proteins have primary structure. The secondary structure of a protein involves the coiling or pleating of a protein with primary structure. All proteins exhibit secondary structure. The tertiary structure of a protein occurs when the protein coils over about itself ...
... determined by the cell’s DNA. All proteins have primary structure. The secondary structure of a protein involves the coiling or pleating of a protein with primary structure. All proteins exhibit secondary structure. The tertiary structure of a protein occurs when the protein coils over about itself ...
Translation and the Genetic Code
... Be sure you understand what you see in Fig. 12.17. I'm not going to be holding you responsible for nit picky details like "How many proteins are there in the small subunit of a eukaryotic ribosome?" The process of translation can be divided into three main phases: initiation, during which the riboso ...
... Be sure you understand what you see in Fig. 12.17. I'm not going to be holding you responsible for nit picky details like "How many proteins are there in the small subunit of a eukaryotic ribosome?" The process of translation can be divided into three main phases: initiation, during which the riboso ...
Document
... • tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the mRNA. • Peptide bonds form between an amino acid and the end of the growing peptide chain. • The ribosome moves along mRNA until the end of the codon (translocation). • The polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome and becomes an active protein. Someti ...
... • tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the mRNA. • Peptide bonds form between an amino acid and the end of the growing peptide chain. • The ribosome moves along mRNA until the end of the codon (translocation). • The polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome and becomes an active protein. Someti ...
Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: The start codon begins at the
... C11. Answer: An anticodon that was 3′–UUG–5′ would recognize the two codons. To recognize 5′–AAA–3′, it would have to be modified to 3′–UUI–5′. C12. Answer: All tRNA molecules have some basic features in common. They all have a cloverleaf structure with three stem-loop structures. The second stem-l ...
... C11. Answer: An anticodon that was 3′–UUG–5′ would recognize the two codons. To recognize 5′–AAA–3′, it would have to be modified to 3′–UUI–5′. C12. Answer: All tRNA molecules have some basic features in common. They all have a cloverleaf structure with three stem-loop structures. The second stem-l ...
03-131 Genes, Drugs, and DiseaseLecture 26November 1, 2015
... Eukaryotic Secretory Pathway: Proteins are targeted for export by the presence of an amino terminal “signal sequence” or “leader peptide (L)”. The signal sequence is ~20 amino acids long and consists of hydrophobic amino acids. Overview: All mRNA is transported out of the nucleus after splicing/po ...
... Eukaryotic Secretory Pathway: Proteins are targeted for export by the presence of an amino terminal “signal sequence” or “leader peptide (L)”. The signal sequence is ~20 amino acids long and consists of hydrophobic amino acids. Overview: All mRNA is transported out of the nucleus after splicing/po ...
Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth (Week 5)
... • Play a prominent/key role in any scenario for understanding the evolution of life at the biochemical and molecular level ...
... • Play a prominent/key role in any scenario for understanding the evolution of life at the biochemical and molecular level ...
Mechanisms of assembly and genome packaging in an RNA virus
... icosahedral 5-fold vertex (Fig. 2a). In the eVLP map, we see additional density in this cleft that does not match the previously deposited structure. The density that would correspond to residues 184-189 in the C-terminus is very weak suggesting this segment is poorly ordered in the particle in solu ...
... icosahedral 5-fold vertex (Fig. 2a). In the eVLP map, we see additional density in this cleft that does not match the previously deposited structure. The density that would correspond to residues 184-189 in the C-terminus is very weak suggesting this segment is poorly ordered in the particle in solu ...
Translation Activity Guide
... translation. Transcription is the process in which DNA is used as a template to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule. Translation is the process in which the DNA code, now contained in the single-stranded RNA, is deciphered into a sequence of linked amino acids that become a protein. In eukaryotic ...
... translation. Transcription is the process in which DNA is used as a template to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule. Translation is the process in which the DNA code, now contained in the single-stranded RNA, is deciphered into a sequence of linked amino acids that become a protein. In eukaryotic ...
The Endosymbiotic Theory - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... The most primitive eukaryote - Giardia:no mitochondria or plastids, doesn't tolerate O2. More derived eukaryotes - a diversity of unicellular eukaryotes or Protists: all have mitochondria (e.g., amoebas, ciliates), some have plastids too (e.g., euglenids) Big Bang of Eukarya - Multicellularity arose ...
... The most primitive eukaryote - Giardia:no mitochondria or plastids, doesn't tolerate O2. More derived eukaryotes - a diversity of unicellular eukaryotes or Protists: all have mitochondria (e.g., amoebas, ciliates), some have plastids too (e.g., euglenids) Big Bang of Eukarya - Multicellularity arose ...
chapter 6
... 1. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope. ...
... 1. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope. ...
Organelles Found in a Generalized Animal Cell
... The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of loosely connected membranes. modify, sort and package the The function of the Golgi is to ___________________ proteins that have arrived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins will either be stored inside the cell or be secreted to the outside of the ...
... The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of loosely connected membranes. modify, sort and package the The function of the Golgi is to ___________________ proteins that have arrived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins will either be stored inside the cell or be secreted to the outside of the ...
RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
... and even humans. What could be the evolutionary reason for this additional step in pre-mRNA processing? One possibility is that the mitochondria, being remnants of ancient prokaryotes, have an equally ancient RNA-based method for regulating gene expression. In support of this hypothesis, edits made ...
... and even humans. What could be the evolutionary reason for this additional step in pre-mRNA processing? One possibility is that the mitochondria, being remnants of ancient prokaryotes, have an equally ancient RNA-based method for regulating gene expression. In support of this hypothesis, edits made ...
Antibiotic Resistance
... The four main mechanisms by which microorganisms exhibit resistance to antimicrobials are: Drug inactivation or modification: e.g. enzymatic deactivation of Penicillin G in some penicillin-resistant bacteria through the production of ß-lactamases. Alteration of target site: e.g. alteration of PBP—th ...
... The four main mechanisms by which microorganisms exhibit resistance to antimicrobials are: Drug inactivation or modification: e.g. enzymatic deactivation of Penicillin G in some penicillin-resistant bacteria through the production of ß-lactamases. Alteration of target site: e.g. alteration of PBP—th ...
8.3 DNA Replication
... – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. ...
... – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. ...
Cell - structural and functional unit of life -
... Gene - segment of DNA with blueprint for one polypeptide. (In other words, a specific location on the DNA molecule.) Triplets (three sequential DNA nitrogen bases) form genetic library Bases in DNA are A, G, T, and C Each triplet specifies coding for number, kind, and order of amino acids in ...
... Gene - segment of DNA with blueprint for one polypeptide. (In other words, a specific location on the DNA molecule.) Triplets (three sequential DNA nitrogen bases) form genetic library Bases in DNA are A, G, T, and C Each triplet specifies coding for number, kind, and order of amino acids in ...
Functions of Life Content
... one different chemically—some neutral, some acidic, some basic, some hydrophobic, some hydrophilic; potential design space is virtually unlimited when you get to chains of 100s of amino acids (like a typical protein) 20100 There are no materials we make with this kind of design space. b) Chains are ...
... one different chemically—some neutral, some acidic, some basic, some hydrophobic, some hydrophilic; potential design space is virtually unlimited when you get to chains of 100s of amino acids (like a typical protein) 20100 There are no materials we make with this kind of design space. b) Chains are ...
video slide - Wild about Bio
... First, a small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA and a special initiator tRNA Then the small subunit moves along the mRNA until it reaches the start codon (AUG) Proteins called initiation factors bring in Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... First, a small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA and a special initiator tRNA Then the small subunit moves along the mRNA until it reaches the start codon (AUG) Proteins called initiation factors bring in Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Poster
... Human cells have the remarkable capability to regulate protein production by degrading target mRNA by two pathways: RNA interference (RNAi) and micro RNA (miRNA). Central to these pathways is the protein Argonaute-2 (Ago-2). In the RNAi pathway, small RNAs derived from viruses are used by Ago-2 to s ...
... Human cells have the remarkable capability to regulate protein production by degrading target mRNA by two pathways: RNA interference (RNAi) and micro RNA (miRNA). Central to these pathways is the protein Argonaute-2 (Ago-2). In the RNAi pathway, small RNAs derived from viruses are used by Ago-2 to s ...
Translation Activity - SeaWorld/Busch Gardens ANIMALS
... two binding sites for the mRNA molecule. They are called the p-site and the a-site. 2. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA molecule. 3. The third step in translation is when an initiator tRNA (a tRNA that contains an anticodon UAC and carries the amino acid Methionine) binds to the start c ...
... two binding sites for the mRNA molecule. They are called the p-site and the a-site. 2. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA molecule. 3. The third step in translation is when an initiator tRNA (a tRNA that contains an anticodon UAC and carries the amino acid Methionine) binds to the start c ...
5 Eukaryotic Microbial Structure and Function
... – double membrane structure that delimits nucleus – continuous with ER – penetrated by nuclear pores • associated proteins make up the nuclear pore complex • pores allow materials to be transported into or out of nucleus Figure 4.12 The Nucleolus ≥ 1 nucleolus/nucleus organelle but not membrane encl ...
... – double membrane structure that delimits nucleus – continuous with ER – penetrated by nuclear pores • associated proteins make up the nuclear pore complex • pores allow materials to be transported into or out of nucleus Figure 4.12 The Nucleolus ≥ 1 nucleolus/nucleus organelle but not membrane encl ...
Teacher Kit Transcription
... Let students know that what has just taken place is transcription. The “blueprint” encoded in DNA has been transcribed into the message of mRNA. Stress that the entire process takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotes. When teaching advanced students this is a good time to discuss mRNA processing ...
... Let students know that what has just taken place is transcription. The “blueprint” encoded in DNA has been transcribed into the message of mRNA. Stress that the entire process takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotes. When teaching advanced students this is a good time to discuss mRNA processing ...
Modeling Protein Structure Activity
... b. In a watery environment, nonpolar amino acids want to be near each other _____ from water c. Positively charged amino acids are ________________ to negatively charged amino acids d. Cysteine side chains want to be near each other because they can form stabilizing _______________ bridges e. When ...
... b. In a watery environment, nonpolar amino acids want to be near each other _____ from water c. Positively charged amino acids are ________________ to negatively charged amino acids d. Cysteine side chains want to be near each other because they can form stabilizing _______________ bridges e. When ...
Ribosome
The ribosome (/ˈraɪbɵˌzoʊm/) is a large and complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ribosomal subunit, which reads the RNA, and the large subunit, which joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. Each subunit is composed of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.The sequence of DNA encoding for a protein may be copied many times into RNA chains of a similar sequence. Ribosomes can bind to an RNA chain and use it as a template for determining the correct sequence of amino acids in a particular protein. Amino acids are selected, collected and carried to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA molecules), which enter one part of the ribosome and bind to the messenger RNA chain. The attached amino acids are then linked together by another part of the ribosome. Once the protein is produced, it can then fold to produce a specific functional three-dimensional structure.A ribosome is made from complexes of RNAs and proteins and is therefore a ribonucleoprotein. Each ribosome is divided into two subunits: 1. a smaller subunit which binds to a larger subunit and the mRNA pattern, and 2. a larger subunit which binds to the tRNA, the amino acids, and the smaller subunit. When a ribosome finishes reading an mRNA molecule, these two subunits split apart. Ribosomes are ribozymes, because the catalytic peptidyl transferase activity that links amino acids together is performed by the ribosomal RNA. Ribosomes are often embedded in the intercellular membranes that make up the rough endoplasmic reticulum.Ribosomes from bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes (the three domains of life on Earth) differ in their size, sequence, structure, and the ratio of protein to RNA. The differences in structure allow some antibiotics to kill bacteria by inhibiting their ribosomes, while leaving human ribosomes unaffected. In bacteria and archaea, more than one ribosome may move along a single mRNA chain at one time, each ""reading"" its sequence and producing a corresponding protein molecule. The ribosomes in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells functionally resemble many features of those in bacteria, reflecting the likely evolutionary origin of mitochondria.