13. Condensed azines. Quinoline. Isoquinoline. Acridine. Diazines
... derives from the aromatic amino acid tyrosine. Isoquinoline is a colourless hygroscopic liquid at room temperature with a penetrating, unpleasant odour. Impure samples can appear brownish, as is typical for nitrogen heterocycles. It crystallizes platelets that have a low solubility in water but diss ...
... derives from the aromatic amino acid tyrosine. Isoquinoline is a colourless hygroscopic liquid at room temperature with a penetrating, unpleasant odour. Impure samples can appear brownish, as is typical for nitrogen heterocycles. It crystallizes platelets that have a low solubility in water but diss ...
sn2 reactions of alkyl halides
... The alkyl halides play an important role in organic synthesis. They can be easily prepared from alcohols or alkenes, among other starting materials. They in turn can be used in the synthesis of a large number of functional groups. These syntheses are often carried out by nucleophilic substitution re ...
... The alkyl halides play an important role in organic synthesis. They can be easily prepared from alcohols or alkenes, among other starting materials. They in turn can be used in the synthesis of a large number of functional groups. These syntheses are often carried out by nucleophilic substitution re ...
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITIONS OF ALKENES AS THE
... INTRODUCTION - Chapter 8 is mostly about alkene reactions. That is, how one can transform alkenes into other functional groups. Most of these reactons are electrophilic additions, or the addition of electrophiles across the double bond. Several of these reactions amount to addition of water to the p ...
... INTRODUCTION - Chapter 8 is mostly about alkene reactions. That is, how one can transform alkenes into other functional groups. Most of these reactons are electrophilic additions, or the addition of electrophiles across the double bond. Several of these reactions amount to addition of water to the p ...
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL
... respiration of bacteria. Biogas, which is mainly methane, will supply most of the island’s energy. (i) Anaerobic means in the absence of oxygen. Suggest an explanation why oxygen must be absent. ...
... respiration of bacteria. Biogas, which is mainly methane, will supply most of the island’s energy. (i) Anaerobic means in the absence of oxygen. Suggest an explanation why oxygen must be absent. ...
A New Method for Halodecarboxylation of Acids Using Lead(IV
... to a solution of the acid and lead(1V) acetate in benzene. The mixture is swept with nitrogen and heated to 80" with stirring. With LiCl and CaC12, though initially heterogeneous, the reaction is complete within a few minutes. The very insoluble KC1 and NaCl require longer heating. Acetonitrile and ...
... to a solution of the acid and lead(1V) acetate in benzene. The mixture is swept with nitrogen and heated to 80" with stirring. With LiCl and CaC12, though initially heterogeneous, the reaction is complete within a few minutes. The very insoluble KC1 and NaCl require longer heating. Acetonitrile and ...
Document
... On hydrolysis, the sweet smell of the ester disappears. To speed up this reaction NaOH(aq) is often used, when heating under reflux. This reaction was used in the hydrolysis of Oil of Wintergreen in WM. ...
... On hydrolysis, the sweet smell of the ester disappears. To speed up this reaction NaOH(aq) is often used, when heating under reflux. This reaction was used in the hydrolysis of Oil of Wintergreen in WM. ...
Reactions of Alcohols - John Carroll University
... • Ethers can be synthesized by the reaction of alkoxide ions with primary alkyl halides in what is known as the Williamson ether synthesis. • This is an SN2 displacement reaction and as such, works better with primary alkyl halides to facilitate back-side attack. • If a secondary or tertiary alkyl h ...
... • Ethers can be synthesized by the reaction of alkoxide ions with primary alkyl halides in what is known as the Williamson ether synthesis. • This is an SN2 displacement reaction and as such, works better with primary alkyl halides to facilitate back-side attack. • If a secondary or tertiary alkyl h ...
Instructor notes
... generates the organic product and reduces the metal center back to platinum(II). The themes of this mechanism (Alkane activation, Oxidation, and Functionalization) are also important within other Shilov-type systems. There has been considerable controversy surrounding the intimate mechanisms of the ...
... generates the organic product and reduces the metal center back to platinum(II). The themes of this mechanism (Alkane activation, Oxidation, and Functionalization) are also important within other Shilov-type systems. There has been considerable controversy surrounding the intimate mechanisms of the ...
Compounds Containing a C=O (Carbonyl) Group
... reaction at the α-carbon. A C—H bond on the α carbon to a carbonyl group is more acidic than many other C—H bonds, because reaction with base forms a resonance-stabilized enolate anion. ...
... reaction at the α-carbon. A C—H bond on the α carbon to a carbonyl group is more acidic than many other C—H bonds, because reaction with base forms a resonance-stabilized enolate anion. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... the other hand, the formation of a complex mixture of 6d and several di- and monoacetates is observed. For the synthesis of completely hydroxyl-differentiated glycals we investigated the enzymatic transfer of benzoyl and chloroacetyl groupsLs1by using vinyl esters 7 and 9 , respectively (Scheme 2, T ...
... the other hand, the formation of a complex mixture of 6d and several di- and monoacetates is observed. For the synthesis of completely hydroxyl-differentiated glycals we investigated the enzymatic transfer of benzoyl and chloroacetyl groupsLs1by using vinyl esters 7 and 9 , respectively (Scheme 2, T ...
Chapter 15
... benzene ring, the more powerful activating group generally determines the outcome of the reaction • Example • Because all ortho/para directors are more activating than meta directors, the ortho/para director determines the orientation of the incoming group • Example: ...
... benzene ring, the more powerful activating group generally determines the outcome of the reaction • Example • Because all ortho/para directors are more activating than meta directors, the ortho/para director determines the orientation of the incoming group • Example: ...
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry
... produced based on the limiting reactant. If everything in the reaction went according to plan, and all of the reactant(s) reacted, this is how much product should be made. This is NOT the same as the actual yield- amount that is produced based on an experiment Error occurs, so actual yield is ...
... produced based on the limiting reactant. If everything in the reaction went according to plan, and all of the reactant(s) reacted, this is how much product should be made. This is NOT the same as the actual yield- amount that is produced based on an experiment Error occurs, so actual yield is ...
Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids
... Reactions of aldehydes and ketones: Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons (or inductive effect). Electronic Effect: Relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions is due the positi ...
... Reactions of aldehydes and ketones: Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons (or inductive effect). Electronic Effect: Relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions is due the positi ...
Reactions involving HCl and their Evaporation
... these specialist systems Genevac has replaced standard metal parts that come into contact with HCl with corrosion resistant alternatives such as Hastelloy® steel or glass. Similarly rubber seals are replaced with Kalrez® or similar resistant elastomeric seals. Where parts in the vapour path cannot b ...
... these specialist systems Genevac has replaced standard metal parts that come into contact with HCl with corrosion resistant alternatives such as Hastelloy® steel or glass. Similarly rubber seals are replaced with Kalrez® or similar resistant elastomeric seals. Where parts in the vapour path cannot b ...
PDF - ATTRA - National Center for Appropriate Technology
... separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means • An atom is the smallest (a single) unit of an element. • A molecule is the smallest unit of a combination of at least two atoms. • A compound is a chemical substance made up of two or more elements, with a definite ratio determining the ...
... separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means • An atom is the smallest (a single) unit of an element. • A molecule is the smallest unit of a combination of at least two atoms. • A compound is a chemical substance made up of two or more elements, with a definite ratio determining the ...
Lab 6
... which the acyl group is the acetyl group. Such reactions are called acetylation reactions. These reactions involve the transfer of an acetyl acyl group to an oxygen atom (i.e., the substitution of an acetyl group for an H atom bonded to oxygen). When alcohols or phenols are acylated, the products ar ...
... which the acyl group is the acetyl group. Such reactions are called acetylation reactions. These reactions involve the transfer of an acetyl acyl group to an oxygen atom (i.e., the substitution of an acetyl group for an H atom bonded to oxygen). When alcohols or phenols are acylated, the products ar ...
Biodiesel preparation in batch emulgation reactor
... nearly all countries (therefore these countries are less dependent on crude-oil imports). Biodiesel does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds and halogenides [1]. Biodiesel contains about 10 % of oxygen which supports burning, thus the emission of ash and smokiness are less ...
... nearly all countries (therefore these countries are less dependent on crude-oil imports). Biodiesel does not contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds and halogenides [1]. Biodiesel contains about 10 % of oxygen which supports burning, thus the emission of ash and smokiness are less ...
314_lect_26_tosyl_SN..
... form, it can become a significant product. Greater amounts of more substituted alkenes form than less substituted alkenes. Rearrangements are common. In our course we will assume that an alcohol reacts by E1 in strong acid/high temperature conditions (H2SO4,/H3PO4/∆) and the alkene is distilled out ...
... form, it can become a significant product. Greater amounts of more substituted alkenes form than less substituted alkenes. Rearrangements are common. In our course we will assume that an alcohol reacts by E1 in strong acid/high temperature conditions (H2SO4,/H3PO4/∆) and the alkene is distilled out ...
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
... could be kept away from the base that catalyzes the reaction, the reverse reaction would become very slow. This would lead to a satisfactory yield. So, the idea is to separate some acetone from the diacetone alcohol, expose it to base for a while, then return the acetone - diacetone alcohol mixture ...
... could be kept away from the base that catalyzes the reaction, the reverse reaction would become very slow. This would lead to a satisfactory yield. So, the idea is to separate some acetone from the diacetone alcohol, expose it to base for a while, then return the acetone - diacetone alcohol mixture ...
Addition of ketene to ethylene oxide
... This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution req ...
... This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution req ...
Unit F335/01
... Give the type of reaction and the skeletal formula of the organic product you would expect in each case. ...
... Give the type of reaction and the skeletal formula of the organic product you would expect in each case. ...
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
... name each type of hydrocarbon by means of the IUPAC system. describe the physical properties of hydrocarbons and how these relate to biochemical properties. Use alkanes as model compounds to describe a. Constitutional isomers b. Conformational isomers c. Stereoisomers (cis/trans) as applied to cycli ...
... name each type of hydrocarbon by means of the IUPAC system. describe the physical properties of hydrocarbons and how these relate to biochemical properties. Use alkanes as model compounds to describe a. Constitutional isomers b. Conformational isomers c. Stereoisomers (cis/trans) as applied to cycli ...
Answers
... Explain the mechanism of acetal formation Predict the products of acetal formation given starting materials Given an acetal, do a retrosynthesis to the corresponding carbonyl and alcohols or diol Be able to compare/contrast acetal formation (a condensation reaction ) with aldol condensation ...
... Explain the mechanism of acetal formation Predict the products of acetal formation given starting materials Given an acetal, do a retrosynthesis to the corresponding carbonyl and alcohols or diol Be able to compare/contrast acetal formation (a condensation reaction ) with aldol condensation ...
Petasis reaction
The Petasis reaction (alternatively called the Petasis borono–Mannich (PBM) reaction) is the chemical reaction of an amine, aldehyde, and vinyl- or aryl-boronic acid to form substituted amines.Reported in 1993 by Nicos Petasis as a practical method towards the synthesis of a geometrically pure antifungal agent, naftifine, the Petasis reaction can be described as a variation of the Mannich reaction. Rather than generating an enolate to form the substituted amine product, in the Petasis reaction, the vinyl group of the organoboronic acid serves as the nucleophile. In comparison to other methods of generating allyl amines, the Petasis reaction tolerates a multifunctional scaffold, with a variety of amines and organoboronic acids as potential starting materials. Additionally, the reaction does not require anhydrous or inert conditions. As a mild, selective synthesis, the Petasis reaction is useful in generating α-amino acids, and is utilized in combinatorial chemistry and drug discovery.