file - PREPARE Education Virtual Learning Centre
... F Keesing et al. Nature 468, 647-652 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature09575 ...
... F Keesing et al. Nature 468, 647-652 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature09575 ...
Effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte numbers induced
... Vaccination should lead to a level of CTL effectors above the threshold at the moment of infection, or to the establishment of a CTL precursor population that would allow the anamnestic response to rapidly reach this threshold number on subsequent exposure to virus. In the first scenario, it is impr ...
... Vaccination should lead to a level of CTL effectors above the threshold at the moment of infection, or to the establishment of a CTL precursor population that would allow the anamnestic response to rapidly reach this threshold number on subsequent exposure to virus. In the first scenario, it is impr ...
Enzootic abortion of ewes (ovine chlamydiosis)
... Ovine chlamydiosis, also known as enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) or ovine enzootic abortion (OEA), is caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila abortus. Chlamydial abortion typically occurs in the last 2–3 weeks of pregnancy with the appearance of stillborn lambs and inflamed placentas. However, infect ...
... Ovine chlamydiosis, also known as enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) or ovine enzootic abortion (OEA), is caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila abortus. Chlamydial abortion typically occurs in the last 2–3 weeks of pregnancy with the appearance of stillborn lambs and inflamed placentas. However, infect ...
The equilibria that allow bacterial persistence in human hosts
... Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach as its sole environmental niche23, has redundant (faecal–oral, oral–oral, vomitus–oral) transmission routes and notable biological success: (1) present in humans for .50,000 yr; (2) cosmopolitan (world-wide) in distribut ...
... Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach as its sole environmental niche23, has redundant (faecal–oral, oral–oral, vomitus–oral) transmission routes and notable biological success: (1) present in humans for .50,000 yr; (2) cosmopolitan (world-wide) in distribut ...
Alert Organisms – Gastroenteritis also known as infective diarrhoea
... Gastroenteritis can be due to infections by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungus but the most common cause is viruses. Norovirus – sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug and is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. Norovirus can be spread vi ...
... Gastroenteritis can be due to infections by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungus but the most common cause is viruses. Norovirus – sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug and is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. Norovirus can be spread vi ...
Fever of Unknown Origin - Vanderbilt University Medical Center
... Exotoxins induce human mononuclear cells to synthesize not only TNFα but also IL1 and IL-6 ...
... Exotoxins induce human mononuclear cells to synthesize not only TNFα but also IL1 and IL-6 ...
Parasite-host relationship: a lesson from a professional killer
... order to survive, a parasite must reach an equilibrium with its host; a too efficient parasite may exterminate its hosts, whereas a too permissive parasite could have a low fitness and reproduction efficiency too low to guarantee its survival. In many cases, evolution and selection have finely-tuned ...
... order to survive, a parasite must reach an equilibrium with its host; a too efficient parasite may exterminate its hosts, whereas a too permissive parasite could have a low fitness and reproduction efficiency too low to guarantee its survival. In many cases, evolution and selection have finely-tuned ...
Infection Prevention Core Practices
... Guidance for Control of Infections with Carbapenem-Resistant or CarbapenemaseProducing Enterobacteriaceae in Acute Care Facilities, 2009 Updated Norovirus Outbreak Management and Disease Prevention Guidelines 2011 Updated Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections, ...
... Guidance for Control of Infections with Carbapenem-Resistant or CarbapenemaseProducing Enterobacteriaceae in Acute Care Facilities, 2009 Updated Norovirus Outbreak Management and Disease Prevention Guidelines 2011 Updated Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections, ...
Full Text - Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases
... infections are acquired through sexual contact with men (4). HPV infection is also common in men and is usually asymptomatic, although prevalence estimates vary widely, from 1% to 73% (3). There are some evidences that HPV infection and genital warts occur more frequently in uncircumcised than in ci ...
... infections are acquired through sexual contact with men (4). HPV infection is also common in men and is usually asymptomatic, although prevalence estimates vary widely, from 1% to 73% (3). There are some evidences that HPV infection and genital warts occur more frequently in uncircumcised than in ci ...
INFECTION PREVENTION and CONTROL
... difficulty walking and relies on a church volunteer group to deliver lunches during the week. Her fixed income limits her ability to buy food. Last week, Mrs. Niles’ 79-year-old sister died. The two sisters had been very close. As a home care nurse, explain the factors that might increase Mrs. Niles ...
... difficulty walking and relies on a church volunteer group to deliver lunches during the week. Her fixed income limits her ability to buy food. Last week, Mrs. Niles’ 79-year-old sister died. The two sisters had been very close. As a home care nurse, explain the factors that might increase Mrs. Niles ...
The role of companion animals in the emergence of
... perpetuated by poor husbandry practices. This subsequently has resulted in establishment of wild animal cycles that serve as reservoirs of infection for both cattle and sheep [52,53]. However, an emerging public health problem has developed through the establishment of urban foci of transmission. Th ...
... perpetuated by poor husbandry practices. This subsequently has resulted in establishment of wild animal cycles that serve as reservoirs of infection for both cattle and sheep [52,53]. However, an emerging public health problem has developed through the establishment of urban foci of transmission. Th ...
Bergey`s Manual Trust - National Academy of Sciences
... continue to make significant contributions to bacterial taxonomy ...
... continue to make significant contributions to bacterial taxonomy ...
diagnose en surveillance van infectieuze aandoeningen diagnostic
... performed in the laboratory, preferentially after fluorochrome staining, because it is rapid, cheap and a smear positive result constitutes an information on the contagiousness of the patient Concerning the diagnosis of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI), without clinical manifestation and radiolog ...
... performed in the laboratory, preferentially after fluorochrome staining, because it is rapid, cheap and a smear positive result constitutes an information on the contagiousness of the patient Concerning the diagnosis of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI), without clinical manifestation and radiolog ...
Confirmed H5N1 case
... Progression to respiratory failure Manifestations of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Multiorgan failure with signs of renal dysfunction Ventilator-associated pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, pancytopenia, Reye's syndrome, and sepsis syndrome without documented ...
... Progression to respiratory failure Manifestations of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Multiorgan failure with signs of renal dysfunction Ventilator-associated pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, pancytopenia, Reye's syndrome, and sepsis syndrome without documented ...
1 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS OF PLANT DISEASES
... Plant diseases are caused by both infectious (fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes) and non infectious agents (mineral deficiency, sun burns etc). Infectious plant diseases are caused by living organisms that attack and obtain their nutrition from the plant they infect. The parasitic organism that ...
... Plant diseases are caused by both infectious (fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes) and non infectious agents (mineral deficiency, sun burns etc). Infectious plant diseases are caused by living organisms that attack and obtain their nutrition from the plant they infect. The parasitic organism that ...
An unusual finger injury
... senior plastic surgeon and being given a clinical diagnosis of orf infection. At review four weeks later in the outpatient plastic surgery clinic she had made a full recovery, with a full range of movement and no residual discoloration. Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ policy on ...
... senior plastic surgeon and being given a clinical diagnosis of orf infection. At review four weeks later in the outpatient plastic surgery clinic she had made a full recovery, with a full range of movement and no residual discoloration. Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ policy on ...
Purpose - Challenge TB
... The spread of TB is also favoured by the fact that the length of treatment (at least 6 months) with four drugs and the improvement in health status early in the course of therapy may induce the patient to stop the treatment before its completion – which leads to the development of drugresistant form ...
... The spread of TB is also favoured by the fact that the length of treatment (at least 6 months) with four drugs and the improvement in health status early in the course of therapy may induce the patient to stop the treatment before its completion – which leads to the development of drugresistant form ...
Cervical Lymphadenopathy and Adenitis
... indicated. Serologic studies for EBV, CMV, HIV, Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, or Brucella sp can be helpful in selected cases. Children with acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis may appear well or may suffer high fever and toxicity. For well-appearing children in whom Staph aureus or gro ...
... indicated. Serologic studies for EBV, CMV, HIV, Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, or Brucella sp can be helpful in selected cases. Children with acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis may appear well or may suffer high fever and toxicity. For well-appearing children in whom Staph aureus or gro ...
Sarcocystis
Sarcocystis is a genus of protozoa. Species in this genus are parasites, the majority infecting mammals, and some infecting reptiles and birds.The life-cycle of a typical member of this genus involves two host species, a definitive host and an intermediate host. Often the definitive host is a predator and the intermediate host is its prey. The parasite reproduces sexually in the gut of the definitive host, is passed with the feces and ingested by the intermediate host. There it eventually enters muscle tissue. When the intermediate host is eaten by the definitive host, the cycle is completed. The definitive host usually does not show any symptoms of infection, but the intermediate host does.There are about 130 recognised species in this genus. Revision of the taxonomy of the genus is ongoing, and it is possible that all the currently recognised species may in fact be a much smaller number of species that can infect multiple hosts.The name Sarcocystis is dervived from Greek: sarx = flesh and kystis = bladder.