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Presentation 2
Presentation 2

... CNS infections - samples  Serum (antibodies)  Cerebrospinal fluid (antibodies or virus) ...
Executive Summary for Portable Malaria Screening and Diagnosis
Executive Summary for Portable Malaria Screening and Diagnosis

... chills, shaking and periodic bouts of intense fever. Each year, there are an estimated 400 million to 600 million cases of malaria and 2.7 million resulting deaths, worldwide. Malaria is found in many locations of the tropical world and in some locations of the subtropics, but there are only four sp ...
Zoonotic Diseases of Non-Human Primates
Zoonotic Diseases of Non-Human Primates

... Shigellosis usually resolves in 5 to 7 days. In some persons, especially young children and the elderly, the diarrhea can be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. A severe infection with high fever may also be associated with seizures in children less than 2 years old. Some persons wh ...
Non Communicable Diseases: A Global
Non Communicable Diseases: A Global

... “We, Heads of State ... address (this topic).. with a particular focus on ...challenges.., particularly for developing countries.” (nearly 80% of these deaths are in developing countries) NCDs, particularly cancers, heart disease diabetes and respiratory disease are the leading causes of preventable ...
TB intro - UNC
TB intro - UNC

... CDC ...
Fungi
Fungi

Arboviral diseases - Ministry of Health
Arboviral diseases - Ministry of Health

... References and further information Biosecurity NZ. 2007. Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases: Ecological research and surveillance development in New Zealand. Risk assessment. Wellington: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. CDC. 2004. West Nile Virus (WNV). Information and guidance for clinicians. D ...
Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat
Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat

... emergence. Also needed are better public health strategies to control arboviral spread, including vaccine platforms for flaviviruses, alphaviruses, and other arbovirus groups that can be quickly modified to express immunogenic antigens of newly emerging viruses. With respect to treatment, the arbovi ...
Epi
Epi

... – Numerator includes anyone who was ill any time during the period; 10 persons were all ill at some time during the period – Denominator = number of individuals at risk : 14 (6 were sick before ...
Ommon Infectious Conditions
Ommon Infectious Conditions

... Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex The viruses under this heading along with the Chlarmdia psiitaci cause far and away the majority of upper respiratory disease in cats. Although general symptoms are slightly different, in any individual animal it is not possible to say which disease is presen ...
Canine Influenza Virus
Canine Influenza Virus

... Presently it is endemic in areas located in Colorado, Florida, New York, and Pennsylvania. According to the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Health Diagnostic Center 1,079 cases of canine influenza were confirmed in October 2, 2008. ...
Norwalk Virus by Phuong D. Nguyen
Norwalk Virus by Phuong D. Nguyen

... No protection against infection Markers or risk factors Studies have shown short-term immunity persisting for about 12 weeks ...
BSc/Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology 3 BLT302
BSc/Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology 3 BLT302

... • Horizontal disease transmission: In this form, transmission takes place within the same generation. Horizontal transmission can occur by either direct contact through licking, touching and biting, or by indirect contact such as, by coughing or sneezing. • Vertical disease transmission: In this for ...
Expedition to Southeast Asia to Learn About Public Health
Expedition to Southeast Asia to Learn About Public Health

... Narrator: Ready to test your knowledge about climate change and disease? Many countries in Southeast  Asia already struggle with disease outbreaks because their natural environment allows vector‐borne and  waterborne illnesses to spread easily. Which of the following actions could help countries in  ...
Topic : Ebola Fever
Topic : Ebola Fever

... Where is Ebola virus found in nature ? The exact origin, locations, and natural habitat (known as the "natural reservoir") of Ebola virus remain unknown. However, on the basis of available evidence and the nature of similar viruses, researchers believe that the virus is zoonotic (animalborne) and i ...
Emerging and Re-emerging Global Infectious Diseases
Emerging and Re-emerging Global Infectious Diseases

... Measles can be found in references as far back as the seventh century A.D. In the tenth century, Rhazes described the disease as more dreaded than smallpox, and there is mention of measles often occurring along with other epidemics. A smallpox and measles epidemic from 1530-45 killed nearly 1.5 mill ...
Diagnosing the Tropical Traveller
Diagnosing the Tropical Traveller

... remote countries. In the 1960s, international travellers numbered <100 million. Now over 900 million people travel abroad every year. [1] There are no published figures for the number of these travelling 'off the beaten track', but it is clear that such destinations are increasingly popular. It's al ...
Fleas & Plague
Fleas & Plague

... • Many attack the draining lymph nodes, which become hot, swollen, tender, and hemorrhagic, giving rise to the characteristic black buboes responsible for the name of this disease. • Within hours of the initial flea bite, the infection spills out into the bloodstream, leading to substantial involvem ...
2012 SCOR Pandemic Risk Conference Highlights
2012 SCOR Pandemic Risk Conference Highlights

... We live in an increasingly interconnected world where every day one billion cars take to the road and more than two billion people travel each year by plane. Increasing urbanization, growing population, global migrations are creating a new battlefield in the fight against new and old diseases. As a ...
Infection/infectious disease
Infection/infectious disease

... the spread of infections and infectious diseases The actions mentioned above should include in particular: 1) assessment of the risk of hospital acquired infections 2) monitoring the risk factors and hospital acquired infections 3) establishing, implementation and supervision of procedures preventin ...
Principles of Infection Control
Principles of Infection Control

... US Poet, physician, and medical reformist 1843: published a landmark essay on the germ theory of disease 4 years before Semmelweis ...
SMALLPOX - the chris hobbs site
SMALLPOX - the chris hobbs site

... Much of this information was obtained from the World Health Organisation’s website. ...
Bacterial Classification
Bacterial Classification

PPL 10M Sex Anatomy Check Up
PPL 10M Sex Anatomy Check Up

...  Labia Major ...
Emerging infectious diseases: opportunities at the human
Emerging infectious diseases: opportunities at the human

... initial emergence of the virus in people; only retrospective molecular and epidemiological investigation suggested that the infection of the index case (who was never identified) was a one-time event. As more information became available, it was further hypothesised that this initial infection was d ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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