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Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)

... Abstract: Banana is the premier fruit of the Asia and pacific region. It is the fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat and maize. In Tamil Nadu, banana is grown in 92,200 hectares with an annual production of 48.56 million tones. Among all biotic constraints, viruses cause huge economic l ...
INVESTIGATION OF HANTAVIRUS INFECTIONS AMONG CCHFV
INVESTIGATION OF HANTAVIRUS INFECTIONS AMONG CCHFV

... Objective: The Hantaviruses and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) are members of the Bunyaviridae family. Hantavirus infections causes two main febrile diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Hantaviruses are transmitted by r ...
The Emergency Services and Hepatitis B
The Emergency Services and Hepatitis B

... with millions migrating from Pandemic Areas without safety screening, the UK total has both grown in scale and more importantly doubled in terms of undiagnosed numbers over the last 2 decades. Worldwide, it is very common with hepatitis B infecting 1 in 20 humans on Earth. For example, in most of As ...
Download or view: The dynamics, transmission, and population impacts of avian malaria
Download or view: The dynamics, transmission, and population impacts of avian malaria

... relictum) across an altitudinal gradient on the island of Hawaii that includes the dynamics of the host, vector, and parasite. This introduced mosquito-borne disease is hypothesized to have contributed to extinctions and major shifts in the altitudinal distribution of highly susceptible native fores ...
Infectious Diseases - Alaska Nurses Association
Infectious Diseases - Alaska Nurses Association

... belong to the profession that stands up for patients and healthcare providers. The profession that demonstrates heroism in the small things we do every day as well as during a national crisis like Hurricane Sandy. Come on, I dare you to “Do it like a Nurse!” ...
Guide for the duration of secondary prophylaxis in acute rheumatic
Guide for the duration of secondary prophylaxis in acute rheumatic

... sufficient for a diagnosis of definite ARF. A positive throat culture or rapid antigen test for GAS alone is less secure as 50% of those with a positive throat culture will be carriers only. Therefore, a positive culture alone demotes a case to probable or possible ARF. Most cases of recurrence fulf ...
SERIOUS RISK OF HERPES B-VIRUS EXPOSURE  EXPOSURE
SERIOUS RISK OF HERPES B-VIRUS EXPOSURE EXPOSURE

... ___ Puncture or laceration occurring after exposure to (a) objects contaminated with body fluid (other than that from a lesion), or (b) potentially infected cell culture Prophylaxis Not Recommended The only situations that prophylaxis is not recommended is those exposures in which the skin remains i ...
Investigation of Cholestasis
Investigation of Cholestasis

... Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ...
Inflammatory Eye Disease: Focus on Uveitis
Inflammatory Eye Disease: Focus on Uveitis

... for vision and lead to blindness. Uveitis may be caused by problems occurring only in the eye, or it can result from inflammatory diseases affecting other parts of the body, including some forms of arthritis. Symptoms can include eye pain and sensitivity to light. An estimated 2.3 million Americans ...
What is viral gastroenteritis
What is viral gastroenteritis

... For most people, it is not. People who get viral gastroenteritis almost always recover completely without any long-term problems. Gastroenteritis is a serious illness, however, for persons who are unable to drink enough fluids to replace what they lose through vomiting or diarrhea. Infants, young ch ...
Cutaneous Diphtheroid Infection and Review of Other Cutaneous Bacillus C
Cutaneous Diphtheroid Infection and Review of Other Cutaneous Bacillus C

... that can cause 3 types of infection, depending on the method of entry.4,17,18 Endospores enter the body through abrasions (cutaneous anthrax, malignant pustule), ingestion (gastrointestinal anthrax), or inhalation (pulmonary anthrax, woolsorter disease).17,18 Endospores germinate into vegetative bac ...
FUNGUS/MOLD/YEAST/MYCOTOXIN/PRION –Complete list
FUNGUS/MOLD/YEAST/MYCOTOXIN/PRION –Complete list

... intestinal tract, the nose and lungs, and organs exposed to the world at large. We generally do not develop an infection from these intruders. However, a person might contract a fungal infection such as "athlete's foot " or a "ring worm" on the skin. Did you know that most seasonal allergies are rea ...
Scientists try to untangle the mystery behind a
Scientists try to untangle the mystery behind a

... The persistence of memory Still, some scientists doubt the claims. Jeffrey Kordower, a neurosurgeon who studies prions at Rush University in Chicago, estimates that only one-quarter of doctors and neuroscientists believe prions underlie most neurodegenerative illnesses. Just using the term “prion-li ...
liai ar smaller - La Jolla Institute For Allergy and Immunology
liai ar smaller - La Jolla Institute For Allergy and Immunology

... describing discoveries is the critical component for the advancement of scientific knowledge, and impact is a measure of how many times others have read the papers and acknowledged a direct influence on their research. I am quite pleased to share that the La Jolla Institute was determined to be in t ...
MAJOR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (MND): NON
MAJOR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (MND): NON

... All Cigna products and services are provided exclusively by or through operating subsidiaries of Cigna Corporation, including Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company. The ...
دانلود
دانلود

... The prevalence of anti-HHV-6 IgM in the sera of the MS patients was significantly higher than that in the sera of the control group (75.4% versus 41.6%, OR= 4.3, 95% CI=2-9.3, p=0.001). The IgG antibody to HHV-6 was found in 37 out of the 61 MS patients and in 26 out of the 61 controls (OR=2, 95% C ...
Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by
Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by

... be distinguished: (i) cyclical and predictable migration movements between non-breeding and breeding grounds; (ii) irregular climate-influenced movements performed in response to cold weather, drying of wetlands or temporarily available habitat; and (iii) daily movements amongst feeding, breeding or ...
Definitions of Infectious Diseases and Complications
Definitions of Infectious Diseases and Complications

... as clear as possible concerning the diagnostic value of each new test in a given clinical setting. It is clear that definitions for infectious diseases or syndromes may evolve with the progress of investigative procedures, or understanding of the disease. Therefore, once a consensus is obtained, the ...
Infectious Disease Assessment for Migrants
Infectious Disease Assessment for Migrants

... • All sexually active people who are from countries with a HIV rate of >1% (available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.622?lang=en) should be offered a full sexual health assessment. A high HIV rate in a country can be taken as an indicator of likely high rates of other STIs as well. Th ...
Reoviruses - KSU Faculty Member websites
Reoviruses - KSU Faculty Member websites

... young children in developed countries and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. For example, in a family study of some 25,000 illnesses in the United States, infectious gastroenteritis was the second most common disease and accounted for 16 percent of all illnesses. The i ...
Two Cytoplasmic Acylation Sites and an Adjacent Hydrophobic
Two Cytoplasmic Acylation Sites and an Adjacent Hydrophobic

... The most pronounced feature of the cytoplasmic tail of HA is the attachment of fatty acids to (mostly) three conserved cysteine residues [10,11]. Although this modification is usually described as palmitoylation, we found by mass spectrometry of HA from virus particles that two different fatty acids ...
Cat Vaccination Guide - Eagle Fern Veterinary Hospital
Cat Vaccination Guide - Eagle Fern Veterinary Hospital

... your cat is a medical decision and a medical procedure that should be individualized based on the risk and lifestyle of the individual animal. We want to help you make the right decision for your pet. We follow the vaccination guidelines developed by the American Association of Feline Practitioners ...
original article platelet count in seropositive and seronegative
original article platelet count in seropositive and seronegative

... A primary dengue infection is characterized by a slow and low titer antibody response. IgM antibody is the first immunoglobulin isotype to appear. Anti-dengue IgG is detectable at low titer at the end of the first week of illness, and slowly increases. In contrast, during a secondary infection, anti ...
Reoviruses - KSU Faculty Member websites
Reoviruses - KSU Faculty Member websites

... young children in developed countries and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. For example, in a family study of some 25,000 illnesses in the United States, infectious gastroenteritis was the second most common disease and accounted for 16 percent of all illnesses. The i ...
THE SPOTTY BOOK October 2016. Guidance on infectious deseases
THE SPOTTY BOOK October 2016. Guidance on infectious deseases

... programme. In addition, children in the first two years of primary school education were offered flu vaccination in all areas which contribute significantly to reducing illness and deaths caused by the influenza virus. There is a roll-out immunisation programme which ensures that more primary school ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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