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- 2010 - ZOONOTIC & VECTOR BORNE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE REPORT
- 2010 - ZOONOTIC & VECTOR BORNE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE REPORT

... animals for rabies in 2010, nearly identical to the 3,373 that were tested in 2009. Of these, 72 (2.2%) were positive for rabies including 60 bats, eight skunk, one fox, one horse, one dog and one cat. This compares to 2009 when 65 (1.9%) animals tested positive at BOL, including 52 bats, 10 skunk, ...
EHV-1 Consensus Statement Equine Herpesvirus-1
EHV-1 Consensus Statement Equine Herpesvirus-1

... detected EHV-1 in 35/40 (88%) of this population.26 A study of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of aged horses in Kentucky with a magnetic bead, sequence-capture, nested PCR technique detected latent infection in 8/12 (66%) horses with an unknown EHV-1 history, and 18/ 24 (75%) horses, which had been ...
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement

... detected EHV-1 in 35/40 (88%) of this population.26 A study of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of aged horses in Kentucky with a magnetic bead, sequence-capture, nested PCR technique detected latent infection in 8/12 (66%) horses with an unknown EHV-1 history, and 18/ 24 (75%) horses, which had been ...
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement

... detected EHV-1 in 35/40 (88%) of this population.26 A study of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of aged horses in Kentucky with a magnetic bead, sequence-capture, nested PCR technique detected latent infection in 8/12 (66%) horses with an unknown EHV-1 history, and 18/ 24 (75%) horses, which had been ...
Construction and in vivo infection of a new simian
Construction and in vivo infection of a new simian

... DNA constructs. Infectious molecular clones of HIV-1 (pNL432) (Adachi et al., 1986) and SIVmac239 (pMA239) (Naidu et al., 1988; Shibata et al., 1991) were used as parent proviral DNAs. To generate chimeric junctions at the N- and C-terminal ends of the rt gene, we utilized PCR-based site-directed mu ...
Sophie - EAMA
Sophie - EAMA

... Mitchell SL et al. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2006 ...
Influenza and Children with Asthma
Influenza and Children with Asthma

... Asthma is the Most Common Chronic Disorder of Childhood...................................................................................6 Strategies for increasing influenza vaccination rates in children with asthma and a review of influenza vaccination programs in three practices Pediatric Health ...
Natural course of HIV Infection in children
Natural course of HIV Infection in children

... The viral load is the amount of HIV in the blood The level of HIV in the blood indicates the magnitude of HIV replication and rate of destruction of CD4 cells The viral load test measures the amount of HIV RNA in the plasma ...
A literature review of factors that influence sexually transmitted
A literature review of factors that influence sexually transmitted

... Despite being largely preventable and treatable, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a significant public health problem. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are almost 20 million new infections every year in the US1. Worldwide, the World Healt ...
Kidney Disease, Diabetes and Hypertension and your Heart
Kidney Disease, Diabetes and Hypertension and your Heart

Antibiotic Resistance: Understanding and
Antibiotic Resistance: Understanding and

... failure to adequately address resistance problems may ultimately push the control of infectious disease back to the pre-penicillin era. Indeed, it is now impractical to simply invent additional antibiotics to replace those lost to resistance. However, ideas have emerged for slowing the development o ...
Foresight China II: the Identification and detection of infectious
Foresight China II: the Identification and detection of infectious

MRSA: Antibiotic-resistant “Staph” Skin Infections
MRSA: Antibiotic-resistant “Staph” Skin Infections

... If my healthcare provider has told me that I have an antibiotic-resistant staph (MRSA) skin infection, what can I do to keep others from getting infected? Take the following steps to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant staph skin infection to others: 1. Keep the infected area covered with cle ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 2008
Infectious Diseases in Finland 2008

... reported to the NIDR were diagnosed in children under age 10 and 18% in the 10–19 age group. Almost 45% of all cases were diagnosed in 20–49-year-olds, with only a scant two per cent in people over 59 years of age. In 2007–2008, subtype H3N2 of the influenza A virus caused only isolated occurrences i ...
Transfer Notifications - Curry International Tuberculosis Center
Transfer Notifications - Curry International Tuberculosis Center

... has been set up by the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association (NTCA) to facilitate and standardize communication between states. This system will enhance continuity and completeness of care and improve outcome evaluation of verified cases.5 Refer to the right column in Table 2: Referrals in t ...
Ministry of Health and Seniors Department of Health Frequently
Ministry of Health and Seniors Department of Health Frequently

... What is MRSA?  Staphylococcus aureus, often referred to simply as “staph” is a bacteria commonly found on the skin of healthy people. Occasionally, staph can get into the body and cause an infection. This infection can be minor such as pimples or boils, or serious such as blood infections or pneumo ...
Defining the Risk of Zika and Chikungunya Virus Transmission in
Defining the Risk of Zika and Chikungunya Virus Transmission in

... Zika viruses from an infected traveler to Ae. albopictus and then to other humans in USA cities with variable human densities and seasonality. Mosquito-borne disease occurs when specific combinations of conditions maximize virus-to-mosquito and mosquito-to-human contact rates. We develop a mathemati ...
Part 1 - Dr. Raj Patel
Part 1 - Dr. Raj Patel

... Chronic Lyme Disease Overview: Reasons for seronegativity-Test done too early Antibiotics given early Early use of steroids B. burgdorferi not present in blood (it may be in tissues as cell wall deficient form) Free antibody not available (maybe bound into immune complexes) Antibody levels fall late ...
Piriformis pyomyositis: a report of three cases
Piriformis pyomyositis: a report of three cases

... parasite infection.5 These criteria are less valid in developed countries because of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and other immunosuppressive diseases. Besides, 80% of cases in tropical areas have eosinophilia, probably secondary to parasite infection, but this is not the situation in tempera ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... bacterial infections & multiplications [22].Although malaria and typhoid are said to be endemic in Nigeria, this study shows that Malaria is far more likely to cause fever than typhoid fever. [23] observed the malaria high prevalence and reliability of cultural isolation of salmonella especially in ...
K.O. Okosun
K.O. Okosun

... optimal control to examine the role of chemotherapy in controlling the virus reproduction in an HIV patient. Adam et al [1] derived HIV therapeutic strategies by formulating and analyzing an optimal control problem using two types of dynamic treatments. Wickwire [37] applied optimal control to mathe ...
In conclusion, our findings indicate that ELISPOT assays of
In conclusion, our findings indicate that ELISPOT assays of

... As reported elsewhere [3], linezolid has been prescribed ‘‘off label’’ in Sondalo, Italy since 2005 to treat patients for whom at least four active drugs cannot be ensured, according to World Health Organization recommendations [4]. Administration of linezolid, within regimens designed to balance ef ...
Retention of herpes simplex virus DNA sequences in the nuclei of
Retention of herpes simplex virus DNA sequences in the nuclei of

... found in murine corneas in the absence of detectable virus replication (Abghari et al., 1992). In addition, major LATs have been detected in non-productively infected keratinocyte raft cultures by in situ hybridization but, in stark contrast with latently infected neurons in vivo, keratinocyte LATs ...
Causetive agents of escherichiosises
Causetive agents of escherichiosises

Outbreak of Coccidioidomycosis in Washington State Residents
Outbreak of Coccidioidomycosis in Washington State Residents

... bronchitis, contact dermatitis, and viral infection. Of 11 patients who were prescribed medication, 7 could identify the medications by name; of these patients, 6 had received antibiotics, and 1 was treated with prednisone for contact dermatitis. None of the patients received antifungal therapy. Ris ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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