NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BANK CONCENTRATION AND FRAGILITY: IMPACT AND MECHANICS Thorsten Beck
... Furthermore, we provide exploratory evidence on the potential mechanisms – competition, diversification, and ease of monitoring -- underlying the positive relationship between concentration and stability. First, to assess whether concentration proxies for competition, we include bank regulatory ind ...
... Furthermore, we provide exploratory evidence on the potential mechanisms – competition, diversification, and ease of monitoring -- underlying the positive relationship between concentration and stability. First, to assess whether concentration proxies for competition, we include bank regulatory ind ...
Money, Gold, and the Great Depression
... ready to maintain the fixed values of their currencies by offering to trade gold for money at the legally determined rate of exchange. The fact that, under the gold standard, the value of each currency was fixed in terms of gold implied that the rate of exchange between any two currencies within th ...
... ready to maintain the fixed values of their currencies by offering to trade gold for money at the legally determined rate of exchange. The fact that, under the gold standard, the value of each currency was fixed in terms of gold implied that the rate of exchange between any two currencies within th ...
Lecture9 - UCSB Economics
... d. Is this equilibrium level of income higher or lower than the full employment level of income? ________________. e. Given your answer to part d, does this indicate a recession or an inflationary boom? ____________________. ...
... d. Is this equilibrium level of income higher or lower than the full employment level of income? ________________. e. Given your answer to part d, does this indicate a recession or an inflationary boom? ____________________. ...
The Role of Money in the Macroeconomy
... If gold is not the watchdog, then who (or what) does determine how much money we will have? The monetary authority in most countries is called the central bank. A central bank does not deal directly with the public; it is rather a bank for banks, and it is responsible for the execution of national m ...
... If gold is not the watchdog, then who (or what) does determine how much money we will have? The monetary authority in most countries is called the central bank. A central bank does not deal directly with the public; it is rather a bank for banks, and it is responsible for the execution of national m ...
EC 102
... The classical dichotomy refers to the idea that the supply of money a. is irrelevant for understanding the determinants of nominal and real variables. b. determines nominal variables, but not real variables. c. determines real variables, but not nominal variables. d. is a determinant of both real an ...
... The classical dichotomy refers to the idea that the supply of money a. is irrelevant for understanding the determinants of nominal and real variables. b. determines nominal variables, but not real variables. c. determines real variables, but not nominal variables. d. is a determinant of both real an ...
Will the US and Europe Avoid a Lost Decade?
... countries is likely to be a result of the different responses to the crisis by the central banks. In Japan interest rates were already very low for several years prior to the crisis so a large reduction in interest rates was not possible. The other countries aggressively cut interest rates as the cr ...
... countries is likely to be a result of the different responses to the crisis by the central banks. In Japan interest rates were already very low for several years prior to the crisis so a large reduction in interest rates was not possible. The other countries aggressively cut interest rates as the cr ...
Financial Stability Report May 2010 Contents
... financial crisis. The Crown’s retail deposit guarantee scheme ...
... financial crisis. The Crown’s retail deposit guarantee scheme ...
SP174: Does high money growth put the inflation target at further risk?
... of commercial banks in macroeconomic discussion, particularly in those economies (such as the USA today) where time deposits have become several times larger than sight deposits. Some economists even make statements about the relationship between narrow money on the one hand, and both national inco ...
... of commercial banks in macroeconomic discussion, particularly in those economies (such as the USA today) where time deposits have become several times larger than sight deposits. Some economists even make statements about the relationship between narrow money on the one hand, and both national inco ...
Bank capital and Risk-Taking: Old and New
... those of other banks. Acharya, Mehran and Thakor (2011) explain for example that asset substitutions are often correlated across banks and attribute this phenomenon to the existence of government guarantees and the interventions of a LOLR. Indeed, since a collapse of the entire financial system would ...
... those of other banks. Acharya, Mehran and Thakor (2011) explain for example that asset substitutions are often correlated across banks and attribute this phenomenon to the existence of government guarantees and the interventions of a LOLR. Indeed, since a collapse of the entire financial system would ...
the evolution of monetary policy in transition economies
... other relatively direct measures to control the supply of money, although, in general, money growth targets were overshot. Over time, more indirect measures, including changes in the reserve ratio, the short-term repo rate and open market operations became the key tools for controlling the money sup ...
... other relatively direct measures to control the supply of money, although, in general, money growth targets were overshot. Over time, more indirect measures, including changes in the reserve ratio, the short-term repo rate and open market operations became the key tools for controlling the money sup ...
Measuring and Monitoring Financial Systemic Risk
... Framework for analysis the interactions of banking sector risk, sovereign risk, GDP growth, stock markets, and other macro variable for 15 EU countries plus the US. Uses CCA risk indicators (EL) for the banking systems and corporate sectors and sovereigns in each country, Together with the GVAR (Glo ...
... Framework for analysis the interactions of banking sector risk, sovereign risk, GDP growth, stock markets, and other macro variable for 15 EU countries plus the US. Uses CCA risk indicators (EL) for the banking systems and corporate sectors and sovereigns in each country, Together with the GVAR (Glo ...
Liquidity Regulations, the Neutral Real Federal Funds Rate, and the
... R* has been falling over recent years and is currently at historical lows. Exhibit 1 presents two measures of r*, both calculated from the FOMC’s quarterly Summary of Economic Projections (SEP). The first measure can be read directly from the survey results. In each SEP, FOMC participants report the ...
... R* has been falling over recent years and is currently at historical lows. Exhibit 1 presents two measures of r*, both calculated from the FOMC’s quarterly Summary of Economic Projections (SEP). The first measure can be read directly from the survey results. In each SEP, FOMC participants report the ...
Slide 1
... Providing liquidity credits (financial assistance) and technical assistance to MSMEs through the banks ...
... Providing liquidity credits (financial assistance) and technical assistance to MSMEs through the banks ...
Monetary Policy - John Zietlow
... • Banks themselves must expand the money supply by making new loans • Banks may be unwilling to make new loans even when the Fed is injecting excess reserves into the banking system ...
... • Banks themselves must expand the money supply by making new loans • Banks may be unwilling to make new loans even when the Fed is injecting excess reserves into the banking system ...
The Office of The Comptroller of the Currency
... change in the aggregate funds position. Placing bolh after liquidiiy helps to fix the grammar and make the sentence parallel. Cirnmnim iu1I: The bank should analyze each contemplated securitization for its impact on liquidity both as an individual transaction and as a change in the aggregate funds p ...
... change in the aggregate funds position. Placing bolh after liquidiiy helps to fix the grammar and make the sentence parallel. Cirnmnim iu1I: The bank should analyze each contemplated securitization for its impact on liquidity both as an individual transaction and as a change in the aggregate funds p ...
The Quantity Theory of Money
... years, the CBN has adopted a wide range of monetary policy frameworks such as exchange rate and monetary targeting frameworks in order to achieve macroeconomic objectives of price stability, economic growth, balance of payment viability as well as employment creation in its conduct of monetary polic ...
... years, the CBN has adopted a wide range of monetary policy frameworks such as exchange rate and monetary targeting frameworks in order to achieve macroeconomic objectives of price stability, economic growth, balance of payment viability as well as employment creation in its conduct of monetary polic ...
chapter_20 - Homework Market
... This doesn't impact the transaction demand for money. Increased the cost of converting non-money assets to a means of payment. 4 points Question 21 In high inflation countries, inflation rates can exceed the rate of growth of money because: Answer High inflation increases the velocity of money. High ...
... This doesn't impact the transaction demand for money. Increased the cost of converting non-money assets to a means of payment. 4 points Question 21 In high inflation countries, inflation rates can exceed the rate of growth of money because: Answer High inflation increases the velocity of money. High ...
real interest rate - Cabarrus County Schools
... reduce transaction costs. Using gold as a currency is costly because the purity and weight has to be verified. Also, coins are more widely recognized than gold bullion. The government then accepts gold from the public in exchange for gold-certificates— pieces of paper that can be redeemed for actual ...
... reduce transaction costs. Using gold as a currency is costly because the purity and weight has to be verified. Also, coins are more widely recognized than gold bullion. The government then accepts gold from the public in exchange for gold-certificates— pieces of paper that can be redeemed for actual ...
Chapter 14: Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates
... interest rates in each country. But we took these as given; we did not see what determined them. Here we discuss an important determinant of the interest rate - the money supply. An important characteristic of “money” is that it can be used as a means of payment to buy goods. “Money” here includes t ...
... interest rates in each country. But we took these as given; we did not see what determined them. Here we discuss an important determinant of the interest rate - the money supply. An important characteristic of “money” is that it can be used as a means of payment to buy goods. “Money” here includes t ...
Decision Avoidance and Deposit Interest Rate Setting
... circumstances customers’ would surely switch to the financial service with the highest rate of return or lowest cost? Despite such expectations, interest rate setting for many financial services, and particularly deposits, have been viewed as ‘sluggish’, ‘sticky’, or lagged (e.g. Hannan and Berger 1 ...
... circumstances customers’ would surely switch to the financial service with the highest rate of return or lowest cost? Despite such expectations, interest rate setting for many financial services, and particularly deposits, have been viewed as ‘sluggish’, ‘sticky’, or lagged (e.g. Hannan and Berger 1 ...
Booms and Banking Crises
... the amplification of random adverse financial shocks. Rare, large enough, adverse financial shocks can account for the first two properties (see e.g. Gertler and Kiyotaki, 2009). However, by implying that banking crises may break out at any time in the business cycle, they do not seem in line with t ...
... the amplification of random adverse financial shocks. Rare, large enough, adverse financial shocks can account for the first two properties (see e.g. Gertler and Kiyotaki, 2009). However, by implying that banking crises may break out at any time in the business cycle, they do not seem in line with t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES AREAS Pierre-Richard Agenor
... These issues are not mere analytical curiosities. Several observers have argued that the reason why the formation of the European Union (EU) in 1999 has not had yet a major (and lasting) impact on growth in member countries is because much remains to be done to integrate highly imperfect national fi ...
... These issues are not mere analytical curiosities. Several observers have argued that the reason why the formation of the European Union (EU) in 1999 has not had yet a major (and lasting) impact on growth in member countries is because much remains to be done to integrate highly imperfect national fi ...
Harmonizing Money and Real Economy by a Universal Standard
... The result of uncertainty and instability in the quantity theory equation caused by the introduction of bonds, equity and credit markets as perfect substitutes of money was recognized in Keynes’ treatment of money and more recently by Lucas (1981) and Friedman (1989). Keynes’ Money Demand is a behav ...
... The result of uncertainty and instability in the quantity theory equation caused by the introduction of bonds, equity and credit markets as perfect substitutes of money was recognized in Keynes’ treatment of money and more recently by Lucas (1981) and Friedman (1989). Keynes’ Money Demand is a behav ...