Script - ESA/Hubble
... nebula. In fact, these are bright enough that astronomers have long been able to see them, which explains their confusing name. Because they appear roughly spherical and have a greenish tinge when observed visually, astronomers using early telescopes found their appearance reminiscent of the planets ...
... nebula. In fact, these are bright enough that astronomers have long been able to see them, which explains their confusing name. Because they appear roughly spherical and have a greenish tinge when observed visually, astronomers using early telescopes found their appearance reminiscent of the planets ...
Fingerprints in Sunlight
... We can’t get there from here Only/primary way of learning about distant objects is through their light (electromagnetic spectrum) Light has ‘fingerprints” which provide information about it How can we “read” these fingerprints and what do they tell us about the star? ...
... We can’t get there from here Only/primary way of learning about distant objects is through their light (electromagnetic spectrum) Light has ‘fingerprints” which provide information about it How can we “read” these fingerprints and what do they tell us about the star? ...
The following two images are taken with the Allegheny Multifilter
... Because a refractor is used, the images are round and not spiked. Because the Thaw 76cm refractor is corrected to focus red light, there is little background light from neighborhood lights. The Moon is by far our largest source of background light. The diffused light near the edge of the filtered ar ...
... Because a refractor is used, the images are round and not spiked. Because the Thaw 76cm refractor is corrected to focus red light, there is little background light from neighborhood lights. The Moon is by far our largest source of background light. The diffused light near the edge of the filtered ar ...
Wednesday, April 2 - Otterbein University
... position 10 pc away – If a star is actually closer than 10pc, its absolute magnitude will be a bigger number, i.e. it is intrinsically dimmer than it appears – If a star is farther than 10pc, its absolute magnitude will be a smaller number, i.e. it is intrinsically brighter than it appears ...
... position 10 pc away – If a star is actually closer than 10pc, its absolute magnitude will be a bigger number, i.e. it is intrinsically dimmer than it appears – If a star is farther than 10pc, its absolute magnitude will be a smaller number, i.e. it is intrinsically brighter than it appears ...
The Sky from Earth
... WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A METEOR AND A COMET? • A meteor is an object that is burning up in the earth’s atmosphere • A comet is a cold mixture of dust and ice ...
... WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A METEOR AND A COMET? • A meteor is an object that is burning up in the earth’s atmosphere • A comet is a cold mixture of dust and ice ...
Name: Date: Period: ______ Unit 9
... 39. What marks the transition of a protostar to star? 40. Name 3 types of stars not on the main sequence. 41. What is a black dwarf? 42. What type of star may become a pulsar? 43. List the steps in the life cycle of a sun-like star. 44. Why might an old main-sequence star have a greater percentage o ...
... 39. What marks the transition of a protostar to star? 40. Name 3 types of stars not on the main sequence. 41. What is a black dwarf? 42. What type of star may become a pulsar? 43. List the steps in the life cycle of a sun-like star. 44. Why might an old main-sequence star have a greater percentage o ...
First Light for May, 2001 - South Bay Astronomical Society
... less optimally aligned galaxies are distorted as well; they are stretched into elliptical shapes along concentric circles surrounding the cluster. A visual inspection yields more of these tangential alignments than radial ones in the cluster field, while the parallel field exhibits no such shape dis ...
... less optimally aligned galaxies are distorted as well; they are stretched into elliptical shapes along concentric circles surrounding the cluster. A visual inspection yields more of these tangential alignments than radial ones in the cluster field, while the parallel field exhibits no such shape dis ...
Constellations Jeopardy
... distance from city hall to other businesses in town, while distances from the sun to the outer planets are like the distance between city hall and other distance cities within the state” is an example of this. ...
... distance from city hall to other businesses in town, while distances from the sun to the outer planets are like the distance between city hall and other distance cities within the state” is an example of this. ...
Astronomical Distances
... 6. Which is a better unit of distance when discussing objects outside of our solar system, an astronomical unit or light-year? 7. A person with perfect eyesight and with perfect conditions we can see about 3000 stars at once with the unaided eye, the farthest star we can see with the unaided eye is ...
... 6. Which is a better unit of distance when discussing objects outside of our solar system, an astronomical unit or light-year? 7. A person with perfect eyesight and with perfect conditions we can see about 3000 stars at once with the unaided eye, the farthest star we can see with the unaided eye is ...
Slide 1 - Typepad
... lighting (referred to as "light pollution"), this scale describes what is shown when you query ECU about Magnitudes: ...
... lighting (referred to as "light pollution"), this scale describes what is shown when you query ECU about Magnitudes: ...
v A v A
... Example: resolution of human eye Pupil aperture = 1 cm; visible light = 500 nm = 5 x 10-5 cm (same units) diffraction = /d = 5 x 10-5 cm / 1 cm = 5 x 10-5 rad = 0.003 = 10 arcsec If aperture > 10 cm, then diffraction = 1 arcsec This is about the limit imposed by the atmosphere ...
... Example: resolution of human eye Pupil aperture = 1 cm; visible light = 500 nm = 5 x 10-5 cm (same units) diffraction = /d = 5 x 10-5 cm / 1 cm = 5 x 10-5 rad = 0.003 = 10 arcsec If aperture > 10 cm, then diffraction = 1 arcsec This is about the limit imposed by the atmosphere ...
STAR SYTEMS AND GALAXIES
... • We can detect binary systems easily if one star blocks another, called an eclipsing binary. • We have found planets moving around stars in other systems. We can only detect very large planets because the planets must have enough gravity to effect the star. ...
... • We can detect binary systems easily if one star blocks another, called an eclipsing binary. • We have found planets moving around stars in other systems. We can only detect very large planets because the planets must have enough gravity to effect the star. ...
October - Sonoma County Astronomical Society
... on one of astronomy’s top areas of interest, the search for ExtraSolar Planets. It has seemed probable that planets orbit other stars; however, until recent years our technology has not allowed astronomers to detect these worlds. Here is an example of the problem faced by astronomers: If the brightn ...
... on one of astronomy’s top areas of interest, the search for ExtraSolar Planets. It has seemed probable that planets orbit other stars; however, until recent years our technology has not allowed astronomers to detect these worlds. Here is an example of the problem faced by astronomers: If the brightn ...
File - Adopt A Constellation
... • A telescope is a tool that magnifies distant objects so they appear larger and closer. • Galileo was a scientist that was the first person to use a telescope to look at the night sky. • Telescopes got stronger and astronomers could see more details on the planets. Scientists used pictures taken t ...
... • A telescope is a tool that magnifies distant objects so they appear larger and closer. • Galileo was a scientist that was the first person to use a telescope to look at the night sky. • Telescopes got stronger and astronomers could see more details on the planets. Scientists used pictures taken t ...
~Crowfoot
... a) arises from the Balmer γ transition. b) is due to preferential scattering of blue light as in Earth’s sky. c) is the light from an embedded blue star. 3)2 The “Pillars of Creation” on this image Eagle Nebula a) show the destruction of a nebula by a supernova explosion b) are the jets from a young ...
... a) arises from the Balmer γ transition. b) is due to preferential scattering of blue light as in Earth’s sky. c) is the light from an embedded blue star. 3)2 The “Pillars of Creation” on this image Eagle Nebula a) show the destruction of a nebula by a supernova explosion b) are the jets from a young ...
Topic 3 Earth in the Universe
... • Coriolis Effect – the tendency of objects moving over the earth (air, water, planes, projectiles) to be deflected (curve away) from a straight line path. The French scientist, Gaspard Coriolis, first explained the deflection of objects moving over the surface due to Earth’s rotation • The deflecti ...
... • Coriolis Effect – the tendency of objects moving over the earth (air, water, planes, projectiles) to be deflected (curve away) from a straight line path. The French scientist, Gaspard Coriolis, first explained the deflection of objects moving over the surface due to Earth’s rotation • The deflecti ...
At the Heart of the Matter: The Blue White Dwarf in M 57. Paul Temple
... molecular or atomic carbon in any part of the spectrum. These stars are cool enough so that H atoms can join together into molecules, and so the signature of molecular H may also be observed. DZ Stars exhibiting only metal lines from species such as Ca and Fe. No H or He present. ...
... molecular or atomic carbon in any part of the spectrum. These stars are cool enough so that H atoms can join together into molecules, and so the signature of molecular H may also be observed. DZ Stars exhibiting only metal lines from species such as Ca and Fe. No H or He present. ...
"Science, Mesopotamian" In: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
... AMMISADUQA, VENUS TABLET OF). Astronomical diaries and related observational texts from Babylonia are the fruits of a systematic program of observation that began near 750 BCE and continued until the first century CE. Diaries usually contain six months of observations, each month beginning with a se ...
... AMMISADUQA, VENUS TABLET OF). Astronomical diaries and related observational texts from Babylonia are the fruits of a systematic program of observation that began near 750 BCE and continued until the first century CE. Diaries usually contain six months of observations, each month beginning with a se ...
KEY Unit 10‐11 Test Review: Characteristics of the Universe
... 9. Astronomers have noticed supernovas in distant galaxies have a greater red shift than those in galaxies closer to the Earth. Astronomers theorize this is occurring because distant galaxies are moving _AWAY__ from Earth faster than galaxies that are nearby. 10. Betelgeuse is one of the brigh ...
... 9. Astronomers have noticed supernovas in distant galaxies have a greater red shift than those in galaxies closer to the Earth. Astronomers theorize this is occurring because distant galaxies are moving _AWAY__ from Earth faster than galaxies that are nearby. 10. Betelgeuse is one of the brigh ...
Observational astronomy
Observational astronomy is a division of the astronomical science that is concerned with recording data, in contrast with theoretical astrophysics, which is mainly concerned with finding out the measurable implications of physical models. It is the practice of observing celestial objects by using telescopes and other astronomical apparatus.As a science, the study of astronomy is somewhat hindered in that direct experiments with the properties of the distant universe are not possible. However, this is partly compensated by the fact that astronomers have a vast number of visible examples of stellar phenomena that can be examined. This allows for observational data to be plotted on graphs, and general trends recorded. Nearby examples of specific phenomena, such as variable stars, can then be used to infer the behavior of more distant representatives. Those distant yardsticks can then be employed to measure other phenomena in that neighborhood, including the distance to a galaxy.Galileo Galilei turned a telescope to the heavens and recorded what he saw. Since that time, observational astronomy has made steady advances with each improvement in telescope technology.A traditional division of observational astronomy is given by the region of the electromagnetic spectrum observed: Optical astronomy is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses and solid-state detectors) to observe light from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. Visible-light astronomy (using wavelengths that can be detected with the eyes, about 400 - 700 nm) falls in the middle of this range. Infrared astronomy deals with the detection and analysis of infrared radiation (this typically refers to wavelengths longer than the detection limit of silicon solid-state detectors, about 1 μm wavelength). The most common tool is the reflecting telescope but with a detector sensitive to infrared wavelengths. Space telescopes are used at certain wavelengths where the atmosphere is opaque, or to eliminate noise (thermal radiation from the atmosphere). Radio astronomy detects radiation of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The receivers are similar to those used in radio broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. See also Radio telescopes. High-energy astronomy includes X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, and extreme UV astronomy, as well as studies of neutrinos and cosmic rays.Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based observatories, because the atmosphere is relatively transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Observatories are usually located at high altitudes so as to minimise the absorption and distortion caused by the Earth's atmosphere. Some wavelengths of infrared light are heavily absorbed by water vapor, so many infrared observatories are located in dry places at high altitude, or in space.The atmosphere is opaque at the wavelengths used by X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, UV astronomy and (except for a few wavelength ""windows"") far infrared astronomy, so observations must be carried out mostly from balloons or space observatories. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large air showers they produce, and the study of cosmic rays is a rapidly expanding branch of astronomy.For much of the history of observational astronomy, almost all observation was performed in the visual spectrum with optical telescopes. While the Earth's atmosphere is relatively transparent in this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, most telescope work is still dependent on seeing conditions and air transparency, and is generally restricted to the night time. The seeing conditions depend on the turbulence and thermal variations in the air. Locations that are frequently cloudy or suffer from atmospheric turbulence limit the resolution of observations. Likewise the presence of the full Moon can brighten up the sky with scattered light, hindering observation of faint objects.For observation purposes, the optimal location for an optical telescope is undoubtedly in outer space. There the telescope can make observations without being affected by the atmosphere. However, at present it remains costly to lift telescopes into orbit. Thus the next best locations are certain mountain peaks that have a high number of cloudless days and generally possess good atmospheric conditions (with good seeing conditions). The peaks of the islands of Mauna Kea, Hawaii and La Palma possess these properties, as to a lesser extent do inland sites such as Llano de Chajnantor, Paranal, Cerro Tololo and La Silla in Chile. These observatory locations have attracted an assemblage of powerful telescopes, totalling many billion US dollars of investment.The darkness of the night sky is an important factor in optical astronomy. With the size of cities and human populated areas ever expanding, the amount of artificial light at night has also increased. These artificial lights produce a diffuse background illumination that makes observation of faint astronomical features very difficult without special filters. In a few locations such as the state of Arizona and in the United Kingdom, this has led to campaigns for the reduction of light pollution. The use of hoods around street lights not only improves the amount of light directed toward the ground, but also helps reduce the light directed toward the sky.Atmospheric effects (astronomical seeing) can severely hinder the resolution of a telescope. Without some means of correcting for the blurring effect of the shifting atmosphere, telescopes larger than about 15–20 cm in aperture can not achieve their theoretical resolution at visible wavelengths. As a result, the primary benefit of using very large telescopes has been the improved light-gathering capability, allowing very faint magnitudes to be observed. However the resolution handicap has begun to be overcome by adaptive optics, speckle imaging and interferometric imaging, as well as the use of space telescopes.Astronomers have a number of observational tools that they can use to make measurements of the heavens. For objects that are relatively close to the Sun and Earth, direct and very precise position measurements can be made against a more distant (and thereby nearly stationary) background. Early observations of this nature were used to develop very precise orbital models of the various planets, and to determine their respective masses and gravitational perturbations. Such measurements led to the discovery of the planets Uranus, Neptune, and (indirectly) Pluto. They also resulted in an erroneous assumption of a fictional planet Vulcan within the orbit of Mercury (but the explanation of the precession of Mercury's orbit by Einstein is considered one of the triumphs of his general relativity theory).