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ai-lect2
ai-lect2

... through sensors and acting upon that environment through its effectors to maximize progress towards its goals. • PAGE (Percepts, Actions, Goals, Environment) • Task-specific & specialized: well-defined goals and environment • The notion of an agent is meant to be a tool for analyzing systems, not an ...
Introduction to Perception
Introduction to Perception

... Figure 1.17 Data from experiments in which the threshold for seeing a light is determined for Julie (green points) and Regina (red points) by means of the method of constant stimuli. These data indicate that Julie’s threshold is lower than Regina’s. But is Julie really more sensitive to the light t ...
Social Science and Social Struggle: Understanding the Necessary
Social Science and Social Struggle: Understanding the Necessary

... the capacity to see the world ‘objectively’. Objectivity implies more than a functioning system of sensory perception - it denotes an ability to make scientifically meaningful observations without interpreting them. They deliberately leave the contentious question of whether perception itself is inf ...
Chapter 6: Perception
Chapter 6: Perception

... gaps in visual information. ...
Crafting Interdisciplinarity in Education Programmes - SADC-REEP
Crafting Interdisciplinarity in Education Programmes - SADC-REEP

... practical field assignments and problem-based learning approaches to develop candidates’ abilities to select, translate and integrate knowledge. ...
Neural Correlates Underlying Action-intention and Aim-intention  Mauro Adenzato () Cristina Becchio
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... People normally distinguish between “intentional” and “unintentional” behavior, and this distinction applies not only to self-initiated actions, but also to other people’s actions. By observing people acting, we can usually say what they doing and what their goals are (Baldwin & Baird, 2001). We can ...
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1994 Consciousness

... not the case), or it is superfluous. In the latter case, biological minds must be something more than control systems, because they exhibit a property which is completely unrelated to control. But then, under what selective pressure might such a property have evolved? It should be noticed that socia ...
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Cognition – 2/e Dr. . Daniel B. Willingham
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Sensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception

... stranger to me) accosted Wrong Booth Guy, and then stormed out of the Station. I can’t distinguish actors in movies and on TV. I do not recognize myself in photos or video. I can’t recognize my stepsons in the soccer pick-up line; I failed to determine which husband was mine at a party, in the mall, ...
Please click here for the Cognitive Futures conference programme
Please click here for the Cognitive Futures conference programme

... representations; and within the latter, one needs to distinguish between explicit representations of the cognitive domain and features of a text which lend themselves to analysis with the instruments of a cognitive criticism. In all of these, the issue of “universalism” arises. Is a cognitive readin ...
The multiplicity of mind - Jupyter Notebook Viewer
The multiplicity of mind - Jupyter Notebook Viewer

... • I include all forms of long-term explicit memory – episodic and semantic - within the belief system. • Reasoning researchers are right to emphasise the importance of implicit pragmatic and ‘heuristic’ processes that deliver relevant content to conscious thinking • However, dual process theories th ...
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... Finally, a fourth cause of disparity could be the oblivion of the solid work made by cybernetics in the “bottom-up” approach to intelligence, in terms of neural mechanisms, instead of using the dominant representational approach. In this work we reflect on these causes of disparity from a cybernetics ...
"Social Science and the Quest for a Just Society"
"Social Science and the Quest for a Just Society"

... another quite separate domain the human, the spiritual, the moral which was as important as, if not more important than, the domain of science. That is why, in English at least, they assumed the label of the humanities. From this human domain they sought to exclude science, or at the very least rele ...
Consciousness
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... Provided few effective more productive coping skills to deal with life’s challenges ...
Chapter 4: Major Theories for Understanding Human Development
Chapter 4: Major Theories for Understanding Human Development

... Major Theories for Understanding Human Development ...
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... reality). But cowards die many times before their death, while the valiant taste of death but once, which is at the very least a different kind of fact (what I rather here will call a truth of fictive reality). There is an obvious philosophical hurdle—not, I think, dead end—that I will bypass in thi ...
Artificial Intelligence. T1: Introduction
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... • CHAPTERS 1 + 2 from Russell + Norvig • CHAPTERS 1 + 2 from Nilsson ...
Chapter 7, Modules 15
Chapter 7, Modules 15

... of each, be sure to show that in each case, cognitive processes are impacting operant conditioning. 13. How does biological predisposition effect learning? MODULE 16 QUIZ (10 MARKS) Module 17: Observational Learning (pgs 325 – 330) 1. Define ‘observational learning’ and describe how Bandura’s resea ...
Eagleman Ch 1. Introduction
Eagleman Ch 1. Introduction

... can be implanted in the brain to record the electrical activity of individual neurons or groups of neurons.  Microdialysis samples the chemical makeup and concentration of fluid in the brain.  Voltammetry measures the levels of neurotransmitters in a tissue by monitoring voltage changes in the pro ...
Four Big Ideas and Enduring Understandings
Four Big Ideas and Enduring Understandings

... 1.B.2 A phylogenetic tree and/or a cladogram is a graphical representation (model) of evolutionary history that can be tested. 1.B.3 Non-eukaryotes can transfer genetic information laterally through the mechanisms of transformation, transduction and conjugation; most eukaryotes do not transfer infor ...
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... Adam and Eve were given a life in paradise. They had an eternal life. Yet Eve eats the apple, she was bored and she wanted the unknown. 3. Søren Kierkegaard: The anxiety of the plenitudes of unlived lives Kierkegaard was the father of existentialism. He placed value on the individual’s life. Albert ...
A Preliminary Investigation of Alien Presence
A Preliminary Investigation of Alien Presence

... Exchanges between people and computers generally occur for limited periods of time. Keyboards and screen displays discourage interaction with a personal computer beyond a few hours. Indeed, current computational systems are not designed for long term exchange with humans, discouraging pleasurable, l ...
An Introduction to Lifespan Development
An Introduction to Lifespan Development

... Cognitive development proceeds quickly in certain areas and more slowly in others; experience plays greater role in cognition ...
Divisibility
Divisibility

... dependent for its existence upon being the content of a mental perception. What exists can both exist on its own and also exist as the content of a perception or thought, without depending upon being such a content for its existence. Therefore perception is not a case of an event merely representing ...
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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that our environment is one which we selectively create through our capacities to interact with the world. ""Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world."" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate.The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as ""the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation"". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, who proposed the name to ""emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs"". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment.The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as ""cognitively marginal"", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. ""In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.""Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism.
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