THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
... that control feeding and energy metabolism. Although a certain degree of fat storage is normal, the expansion of adipose tissue that occurs in obesity alters adipokine secretion which may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. The regulation of energy balance requires a complex interac ...
... that control feeding and energy metabolism. Although a certain degree of fat storage is normal, the expansion of adipose tissue that occurs in obesity alters adipokine secretion which may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. The regulation of energy balance requires a complex interac ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal information, hypothesis or speculation will be referred to as such. Of some importance in this field are species differences, and efforts have been made to make it very clear when each new topic is introduce ...
... categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal information, hypothesis or speculation will be referred to as such. Of some importance in this field are species differences, and efforts have been made to make it very clear when each new topic is introduce ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... out forward genetic screens, and the ease of studying unique aspects of dendrite morphogenesis. C. elegans also offers an elegant system for genetic studies of proteins involved in dendrite morphogenesis, and several major findings in the field have originated in nematodes. However, the characteriza ...
... out forward genetic screens, and the ease of studying unique aspects of dendrite morphogenesis. C. elegans also offers an elegant system for genetic studies of proteins involved in dendrite morphogenesis, and several major findings in the field have originated in nematodes. However, the characteriza ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
... Figure 1.2 Organization of motor cortex and related areas ............................................ 17 Figure 1.3 Operant conditioning with Skinner box ............................................................. 19 Figure ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... raised the issue of whether similar correlations between target field innervation, neurotrophin synthesis and neuronal responsiveness exist for these more recently identified neurotrophins. This is especially pertinent as these neurotrophins, in contrast to NGF, have additional roles in neuronal dev ...
... raised the issue of whether similar correlations between target field innervation, neurotrophin synthesis and neuronal responsiveness exist for these more recently identified neurotrophins. This is especially pertinent as these neurotrophins, in contrast to NGF, have additional roles in neuronal dev ...
Reward loss and addiction: Opportunities for cross
... Drug addiction is one of the most pressing and complex current social issues. The latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2015) estimated that during 2014, around 21.5 million people in the United States exhibited a substance use disorder ( ...
... Drug addiction is one of the most pressing and complex current social issues. The latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2015) estimated that during 2014, around 21.5 million people in the United States exhibited a substance use disorder ( ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... elements. These mechanisms can coexist in the same neuron and be active in parallel or in a hierarchical manner. Bottom left: Passive dendrites act as passive filters. A high-frequency fluctuating current injected in the dendritic pipette will evoke high-frequency and large-amplitude local voltage r ...
... elements. These mechanisms can coexist in the same neuron and be active in parallel or in a hierarchical manner. Bottom left: Passive dendrites act as passive filters. A high-frequency fluctuating current injected in the dendritic pipette will evoke high-frequency and large-amplitude local voltage r ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... synaptic activity paradoxically increases dendritic growth. For example, monocular or binocular lid suture in young macaques dramatically increases growth of dendrites of stellate neurons in layer 4 (Lund et al., 1991). Similarly, blocking glutamate receptors or L-type calcium channels increases den ...
... synaptic activity paradoxically increases dendritic growth. For example, monocular or binocular lid suture in young macaques dramatically increases growth of dendrites of stellate neurons in layer 4 (Lund et al., 1991). Similarly, blocking glutamate receptors or L-type calcium channels increases den ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... Dendrites differ from axons in many important respects, both morphologically and functionally148. Dendrites have specialized structures including spines, which are the main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branche ...
... Dendrites differ from axons in many important respects, both morphologically and functionally148. Dendrites have specialized structures including spines, which are the main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branche ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... My results reveal that ICd neurons exhibit various temporal firing patterns and long and variable first spike latencies. These neurons displayed a variety of frequency-tuning curves. Both monotonic and non-monotonic rate-level functions were present in these neurons. ICd neurons displayed stimulus-s ...
... My results reveal that ICd neurons exhibit various temporal firing patterns and long and variable first spike latencies. These neurons displayed a variety of frequency-tuning curves. Both monotonic and non-monotonic rate-level functions were present in these neurons. ICd neurons displayed stimulus-s ...
Document
... days up to the present are due to chance and unpredictable. A number of environmental factors is not governed by chance however, but change in a cyclic and predictable pattern because they are driven by the daily rotation of the earth around its axis and its yearly trajectory around the sun. The day ...
... days up to the present are due to chance and unpredictable. A number of environmental factors is not governed by chance however, but change in a cyclic and predictable pattern because they are driven by the daily rotation of the earth around its axis and its yearly trajectory around the sun. The day ...
Catalytic Mechanism and Regulation of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases
... channels, this protean second messenger can change cellular attributes as diverse as the membrane potential and the rate of cell division. The key step in regulating intracellular cAMP is modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. Adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme that synthesizes cAMP, is subject to coinc ...
... channels, this protean second messenger can change cellular attributes as diverse as the membrane potential and the rate of cell division. The key step in regulating intracellular cAMP is modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. Adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme that synthesizes cAMP, is subject to coinc ...
Beta-Cell Function and Failure in Type 1 Diabetes
... glucose stimulus (Bergsten, P. et al. 1994), and they have been suggested to be coupled to glycolysis oscillations of the beta cell (Kar, S. & Shankar Ray, D. 2005). Secretory pulses are also regulated and synchronized within the other islet cell types. Insulin and glucagon secretion show asynchrono ...
... glucose stimulus (Bergsten, P. et al. 1994), and they have been suggested to be coupled to glycolysis oscillations of the beta cell (Kar, S. & Shankar Ray, D. 2005). Secretory pulses are also regulated and synchronized within the other islet cell types. Insulin and glucagon secretion show asynchrono ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... recordings were made. The loudspeaker was either a 1/ 4 inch Brüel & Kjaer (B&K) microphone biased with 200 V DC and driven as a loudspeaker, or a custom made loudspeaker (Schuller 1997). The B&K loudspeaker was flat within ±5 dB from 18 kHz to at least 60 kHz and the custom made loudspeaker was flat ...
... recordings were made. The loudspeaker was either a 1/ 4 inch Brüel & Kjaer (B&K) microphone biased with 200 V DC and driven as a loudspeaker, or a custom made loudspeaker (Schuller 1997). The B&K loudspeaker was flat within ±5 dB from 18 kHz to at least 60 kHz and the custom made loudspeaker was flat ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... connections with the rest of the CNS (but see Kabotyanski et al. 1994). Second, dopaminergic neurons, whose activation mimics the effects of dopamine superfusion, have rarely been identified. Third, there is diversity of dopamine receptors both within and across species (Ascher 1972; Berry and Cottr ...
... connections with the rest of the CNS (but see Kabotyanski et al. 1994). Second, dopaminergic neurons, whose activation mimics the effects of dopamine superfusion, have rarely been identified. Third, there is diversity of dopamine receptors both within and across species (Ascher 1972; Berry and Cottr ...
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive
... regions.6,7 Specifically, the reduction of astrocytes among all glial cells was frequently found in postmortem studies.3,8–10 Another study reported lower levels of glutamine synthetase ...
... regions.6,7 Specifically, the reduction of astrocytes among all glial cells was frequently found in postmortem studies.3,8–10 Another study reported lower levels of glutamine synthetase ...
indirect projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to major
... tuberomammillary nucleus (dorsal division: P 3.8 and P 4.16; ventral division: P 4.16 and P 4.3); ventral tegmental area (P 5.3 and P 5.6) and substantia nigra pars compacta (P 5.8 and P 6.04); dorsal raphe nucleus (P 7.8, P 8.2 and P 8.8); pedunculopontine (P 7.64 and P 8.3) and laterodorsal tegmen ...
... tuberomammillary nucleus (dorsal division: P 3.8 and P 4.16; ventral division: P 4.16 and P 4.3); ventral tegmental area (P 5.3 and P 5.6) and substantia nigra pars compacta (P 5.8 and P 6.04); dorsal raphe nucleus (P 7.8, P 8.2 and P 8.8); pedunculopontine (P 7.64 and P 8.3) and laterodorsal tegmen ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... lipopigment is most pronounced in presumed GABAergic neurons We used the autofluorescent properties of the accumulated lipopigment to produce spatial and temporal maps of affected cells in the mnd/mnd mouse brain. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy, we examined unstained coronal sections thr ...
... lipopigment is most pronounced in presumed GABAergic neurons We used the autofluorescent properties of the accumulated lipopigment to produce spatial and temporal maps of affected cells in the mnd/mnd mouse brain. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy, we examined unstained coronal sections thr ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... our model such as random interneuronal connectivity. Using a calcium-based synaptic plas- ...
... our model such as random interneuronal connectivity. Using a calcium-based synaptic plas- ...
concentration-dependent effects of neostigmine on the endplate
... and one slower than the control rate. These effects were both voltage and concentration dependent. Spectra of current fluctuations recorded in concentrations ~5 x 10e5 M neostigmine required two time constants, one faster and one slower than the control. Two component spectra were also obtained with ...
... and one slower than the control rate. These effects were both voltage and concentration dependent. Spectra of current fluctuations recorded in concentrations ~5 x 10e5 M neostigmine required two time constants, one faster and one slower than the control. Two component spectra were also obtained with ...
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
... hyperalgesia, as well as an increased persistence of the pain. If one pricks normal skin with a sharp probe, it will elicit sharp pain followed by reddened skin. The reddened skin is an area of hyperalgesia. Allodynia. Allodynia is pain resulting from a stimulus that does not normally produce pain. ...
... hyperalgesia, as well as an increased persistence of the pain. If one pricks normal skin with a sharp probe, it will elicit sharp pain followed by reddened skin. The reddened skin is an area of hyperalgesia. Allodynia. Allodynia is pain resulting from a stimulus that does not normally produce pain. ...
cortical limbic system: a computational model. PhD thesis. htt
... also useful in understanding what motivates agents to select actions and do the things that they do. The striatum is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and is a target structure of dopaminergic neurons which originate from the mid brain. These dopaminergic neurons release dopamine which is ...
... also useful in understanding what motivates agents to select actions and do the things that they do. The striatum is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and is a target structure of dopaminergic neurons which originate from the mid brain. These dopaminergic neurons release dopamine which is ...