Comparison of linear signal processing techniques to infer directed
... the PDC. These methods were applied in various fields of brain research [12–14,24–28,34]. The analysis techniques investigated here are characterized by different conceptual properties and reveal different dynamic effects such as nonlinearities in multivariate systems. Additionally, the ability to ha ...
... the PDC. These methods were applied in various fields of brain research [12–14,24–28,34]. The analysis techniques investigated here are characterized by different conceptual properties and reveal different dynamic effects such as nonlinearities in multivariate systems. Additionally, the ability to ha ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... cortex are tuned to the spatial location, orientation, and direction of motion of visual stimuli (Hubel & Wiesel 1962); (b) neurons in the primary auditory cortex are tuned to sound frequency and intensity (Schreiner & Read 2000); and (c) neurons in the primary motor cortex are tuned to the planned ...
... cortex are tuned to the spatial location, orientation, and direction of motion of visual stimuli (Hubel & Wiesel 1962); (b) neurons in the primary auditory cortex are tuned to sound frequency and intensity (Schreiner & Read 2000); and (c) neurons in the primary motor cortex are tuned to the planned ...
BMP regulation of neural tube patterning - Development
... Ericson et al., 1995; Hollyday et al., 1995; Liem et al., 2000; McMahon et al., 1998; Pierani et al., 1999; Pituello et al., 1995; Williams et al., 1995). In addition, the Shh signaling pathway has also been shown to both influence the expression of BMPresponsive genes (Liem et al., 1997; Liem et al ...
... Ericson et al., 1995; Hollyday et al., 1995; Liem et al., 2000; McMahon et al., 1998; Pierani et al., 1999; Pituello et al., 1995; Williams et al., 1995). In addition, the Shh signaling pathway has also been shown to both influence the expression of BMPresponsive genes (Liem et al., 1997; Liem et al ...
Preview Sample 1
... iii. Identical twins: Twins developed from a single fertilized ovum and therefore identical in genetic makeup at the time of conception. iv. Fraternal twins: Twins developed from two separate fertilized ova and therefore different in genetic makeup. v. Adoption studies: Research carried out on child ...
... iii. Identical twins: Twins developed from a single fertilized ovum and therefore identical in genetic makeup at the time of conception. iv. Fraternal twins: Twins developed from two separate fertilized ova and therefore different in genetic makeup. v. Adoption studies: Research carried out on child ...
Axon
... • Deliver information from receptors to CNS along afferent fibers • Somatic sensory neurons • External receptors detect changes in external environment • Proprioceptors monitor body position and movement ...
... • Deliver information from receptors to CNS along afferent fibers • Somatic sensory neurons • External receptors detect changes in external environment • Proprioceptors monitor body position and movement ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... (such as V2, V3, V4/V8/VO, V5/M5/MST, IT, and GF) are linked to the visual apperception (normal conscious visual experiences and conscious functions such as detection, discrimination, and recognition) of visual stimuli depending on their characteristics and the context.1 However, it is hardly emphas ...
... (such as V2, V3, V4/V8/VO, V5/M5/MST, IT, and GF) are linked to the visual apperception (normal conscious visual experiences and conscious functions such as detection, discrimination, and recognition) of visual stimuli depending on their characteristics and the context.1 However, it is hardly emphas ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
Neuroethology of reward and decision making
... Sugrue, Corrado and Newsome extended these observations by probing the dynamics of decisionrelated activity in the LIP area using a virtual foraging task (Sugrue et al. 2004). In that experiment, the rewards associated with each of two targets fluctuated over time. Under these conditions, monkeys te ...
... Sugrue, Corrado and Newsome extended these observations by probing the dynamics of decisionrelated activity in the LIP area using a virtual foraging task (Sugrue et al. 2004). In that experiment, the rewards associated with each of two targets fluctuated over time. Under these conditions, monkeys te ...
Sensory signals during active versus passive movement
... In the vestibular system, an internal model of the sensory consequences of active head motion is used to selectively suppress reafference at the level of the vestibular nuclei. (a) Activity of an example VO neuron (gray-filled trace) during passive whole-body rotation. In this condition, only vestib ...
... In the vestibular system, an internal model of the sensory consequences of active head motion is used to selectively suppress reafference at the level of the vestibular nuclei. (a) Activity of an example VO neuron (gray-filled trace) during passive whole-body rotation. In this condition, only vestib ...
PDF
... Human NSCs were prepared from the cervical-thoracic cord of a single 8-week human fetus as described (Yan et al., 2007). Tissues were donated by the mother in a manner compliant with NIH and FDA guidelines. Spinal cord tissues free of meninges and dorsal root ganglia were mechanically dissociated in ...
... Human NSCs were prepared from the cervical-thoracic cord of a single 8-week human fetus as described (Yan et al., 2007). Tissues were donated by the mother in a manner compliant with NIH and FDA guidelines. Spinal cord tissues free of meninges and dorsal root ganglia were mechanically dissociated in ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... and statistical analyses. The first four volumes of images were discarded different types of reward schedule: variable-ratio (VR) schedules, in to avoid T1 equilibrium effects. The images were realigned to the first which subjects were rewarded according to the number of responses image as a referen ...
... and statistical analyses. The first four volumes of images were discarded different types of reward schedule: variable-ratio (VR) schedules, in to avoid T1 equilibrium effects. The images were realigned to the first which subjects were rewarded according to the number of responses image as a referen ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... neural datasets were aligned with an LED flash at the start of each session, structure formed of 1-cm-diameter aluminum rod. Mice were first exwhich generated a video time-marker in synchrony with a transistorposed to the elevated platform for at least 1 h before the start of the transistor logic pu ...
... neural datasets were aligned with an LED flash at the start of each session, structure formed of 1-cm-diameter aluminum rod. Mice were first exwhich generated a video time-marker in synchrony with a transistorposed to the elevated platform for at least 1 h before the start of the transistor logic pu ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... Linking Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cerebral Cortex: Their Role in Planning and Controlling Action ...
... Linking Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cerebral Cortex: Their Role in Planning and Controlling Action ...
Synapse Jeopardy
... • Split the group into two teams that will be presented with a table similar to: ...
... • Split the group into two teams that will be presented with a table similar to: ...
INTRAANALYZER CONDITIONED REFLEX PROPERTIES OF TWO
... of the electrocutaneous reinforcement did not occur on three successive presentations of the auditory signal. Neuronal pairs without any dependent relations, in this case, were entirely absent. The number of neuronal pairs with one-way connections remained practically unchanged. If we take the func ...
... of the electrocutaneous reinforcement did not occur on three successive presentations of the auditory signal. Neuronal pairs without any dependent relations, in this case, were entirely absent. The number of neuronal pairs with one-way connections remained practically unchanged. If we take the func ...
spinal cord
... • Dorsal rami supply the posterior body trunk whereas the thicker ventral rami supply the rest of the body trunk and the limbs. ...
... • Dorsal rami supply the posterior body trunk whereas the thicker ventral rami supply the rest of the body trunk and the limbs. ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... that odour encoding involves, as it does in locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of assemblies of projection neurons and that this synchronization is also selectively abolished by picrotoxin, an antagonist of the GABAA (g-aminobutyric acid) receptor. By using a behavioural learning paradigm, we ...
... that odour encoding involves, as it does in locusts, the oscillatory synchronization of assemblies of projection neurons and that this synchronization is also selectively abolished by picrotoxin, an antagonist of the GABAA (g-aminobutyric acid) receptor. By using a behavioural learning paradigm, we ...
Document
... Buried in the submucosa Senses the environment within the lumen Regulates GI blood flow Controls epithelial cell function (local intestinal secretion and absorption) – May be sparse or missing in some parts of GI tract ...
... Buried in the submucosa Senses the environment within the lumen Regulates GI blood flow Controls epithelial cell function (local intestinal secretion and absorption) – May be sparse or missing in some parts of GI tract ...
video slide
... • Sensory neurons – Transmit information from sensors that detect external stimuli and internal conditions • Sensory information – Sent to the CNS where interneurons integrate the information • Motor output leaves the CNS via motor neurons – Which communicate with effector cells Copyright © 2008 Pea ...
... • Sensory neurons – Transmit information from sensors that detect external stimuli and internal conditions • Sensory information – Sent to the CNS where interneurons integrate the information • Motor output leaves the CNS via motor neurons – Which communicate with effector cells Copyright © 2008 Pea ...
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... factors or to experientially-influenced brain development processes, contribute to the emergence of the syndrome. Indeed, linkage analyses suggest that there are multiple genetic loci that contribute to causing autism (Risch et al. 1999). Furthermore, epigenetic influences, such as environmental tox ...
... factors or to experientially-influenced brain development processes, contribute to the emergence of the syndrome. Indeed, linkage analyses suggest that there are multiple genetic loci that contribute to causing autism (Risch et al. 1999). Furthermore, epigenetic influences, such as environmental tox ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... Fig. 3 shows a detailed activation sequence of this mechanism. The example shows a case where only one of the thalamocortical loops (Loop1) received sensory input, thus, demonstrating how purely cortex-driven activity can be promoted. The cortical feedback to the thalamus that survives the filtering ...
... Fig. 3 shows a detailed activation sequence of this mechanism. The example shows a case where only one of the thalamocortical loops (Loop1) received sensory input, thus, demonstrating how purely cortex-driven activity can be promoted. The cortical feedback to the thalamus that survives the filtering ...
spinal cord and reflexes - Sinoe Medical Association
... to both sides of the body. Carrying messages to and from the spinal cord. 5. Sensory Neurons carry impulses from RECEPTORS to the spinal cord. 6. Motor Neurons carry impulses from the spinal cord to the EFFECTORS. 7. Within the spinal cord, motor and sensory neurons are connected by INTERNEUR ...
... to both sides of the body. Carrying messages to and from the spinal cord. 5. Sensory Neurons carry impulses from RECEPTORS to the spinal cord. 6. Motor Neurons carry impulses from the spinal cord to the EFFECTORS. 7. Within the spinal cord, motor and sensory neurons are connected by INTERNEUR ...