13th Lecture 1436
... Mutation in the mycobacterial inhA and KasA genes involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis Cross-resistance between isoniazid and other agents used to treat tuberculosis (except ethionamide, which is structurally related to isoniazid) does not occur ...
... Mutation in the mycobacterial inhA and KasA genes involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis Cross-resistance between isoniazid and other agents used to treat tuberculosis (except ethionamide, which is structurally related to isoniazid) does not occur ...
DRUGS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
... 5. Kinetics – short biological half-life; ‘slow-release’ preparations 6. Side effects: narrow therapeutic window generally safe; nausea, cardiac arrhythmias and convulsions. ...
... 5. Kinetics – short biological half-life; ‘slow-release’ preparations 6. Side effects: narrow therapeutic window generally safe; nausea, cardiac arrhythmias and convulsions. ...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OFLOXACIN FLOATING TABLETS USING HPMC Research Article
... GET has been reported to range from 2 to 6 hrs in humans in the fed state.1 Retention of drug delivery systems in the stomach prolongs the overall gastrointestinal transit time, thereby resulting in improved bioavailability. Scintigraphic studies determining gastric emptying ...
... GET has been reported to range from 2 to 6 hrs in humans in the fed state.1 Retention of drug delivery systems in the stomach prolongs the overall gastrointestinal transit time, thereby resulting in improved bioavailability. Scintigraphic studies determining gastric emptying ...
Schizophrenia II - Psychiatry Training
... – No proven differences in speed of response with any compounds – Titrate dose based on response/side effects – Most patients will respond to initial treatment • Olanzapine 10-30mg/day • Amisulpride 800-1200mg/day • Risperidone 3-6mg/day (higher doses not more effective) ...
... – No proven differences in speed of response with any compounds – Titrate dose based on response/side effects – Most patients will respond to initial treatment • Olanzapine 10-30mg/day • Amisulpride 800-1200mg/day • Risperidone 3-6mg/day (higher doses not more effective) ...
small animal anesthesia parts i and ii
... Diazepam and midazolam are benzodiazepines frequently used in small animals. These two drugs are similar except that midazolam is water soluble while diazepam is solubilized in 40% propylene glycol. Intravascular injection of diazepam can be associated with pain at the injection site, furthermore th ...
... Diazepam and midazolam are benzodiazepines frequently used in small animals. These two drugs are similar except that midazolam is water soluble while diazepam is solubilized in 40% propylene glycol. Intravascular injection of diazepam can be associated with pain at the injection site, furthermore th ...
Pharmacology of Renin
... Cardiac output and heart rate are not significantly changed. Unlike direct vasodilators, these agents do not result in reflex sympathetic activation and can be used safely in persons with ischemic heart disease. The absence of reflex tachycardia may be due to downward resetting of the baroreceptors ...
... Cardiac output and heart rate are not significantly changed. Unlike direct vasodilators, these agents do not result in reflex sympathetic activation and can be used safely in persons with ischemic heart disease. The absence of reflex tachycardia may be due to downward resetting of the baroreceptors ...
pre-IND status inhaled INV102
... Invion Chief Medical Officer and Executive VP of R&D, Dr Mitchell Glass, said that the pre-IND meeting had provided a clear and straightforward roadmap for the development of inhaled nadolol to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases. “We are enthusiastic about the results of our pre-IND meeting. ...
... Invion Chief Medical Officer and Executive VP of R&D, Dr Mitchell Glass, said that the pre-IND meeting had provided a clear and straightforward roadmap for the development of inhaled nadolol to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases. “We are enthusiastic about the results of our pre-IND meeting. ...
Opioids part 2
... • Ester structure allows hydrolysis by blood and nonspecific tissue esterases into essentially non-active metabolite ...
... • Ester structure allows hydrolysis by blood and nonspecific tissue esterases into essentially non-active metabolite ...
- Institute for Theoretical Biology - Humboldt
... interfere with signaling in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Psychoactive plant-based drugs fall into this category. It is striking that different plant compounds interfere with nearly every step in neuronal signaling, including (1) neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, release, binding, ...
... interfere with signaling in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Psychoactive plant-based drugs fall into this category. It is striking that different plant compounds interfere with nearly every step in neuronal signaling, including (1) neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, release, binding, ...
Chapter Thirteen
... are synthetic drugs, and their effects are similar those of cocaine First synthesized in 1887, amphetamines were introduced into clinical use in the 1930s and were eventually offered as a “cure-all” for just about every ailment Legally produced amphetamine is taken in the form of tablets or caps ...
... are synthetic drugs, and their effects are similar those of cocaine First synthesized in 1887, amphetamines were introduced into clinical use in the 1930s and were eventually offered as a “cure-all” for just about every ailment Legally produced amphetamine is taken in the form of tablets or caps ...
Florinef - Medsafe
... The use of Florinef in patients with active tuberculosis should be restricted to those cases of fulminating or disseminated tuberculosis in which the corticosteroid is used for the management of the disease in conjunction with an appropriate antituberculous regimen. If corticosteroids are indicated ...
... The use of Florinef in patients with active tuberculosis should be restricted to those cases of fulminating or disseminated tuberculosis in which the corticosteroid is used for the management of the disease in conjunction with an appropriate antituberculous regimen. If corticosteroids are indicated ...
Chapter4 Biological explanations and treatments
... Although their functions are distributed, there are clear functional centres within the temporal lobes. The location of these centres differs according to handedness. In those who are righthanded, the main language centre is located in the left hemisphere, and visuo-spatial processing is located in ...
... Although their functions are distributed, there are clear functional centres within the temporal lobes. The location of these centres differs according to handedness. In those who are righthanded, the main language centre is located in the left hemisphere, and visuo-spatial processing is located in ...
iCup 10 Panel Drug Screening Kit Insert
... Methamphetamine are greater. Methamphetamine is made in illegal laboratories and has a high potential for abuse and dependence. The drug can be taken orally, injected, or inhaled. Acute higher doses lead to enhanced stimulation of the central nervous system and induce euphoria, alertness, reduced ap ...
... Methamphetamine are greater. Methamphetamine is made in illegal laboratories and has a high potential for abuse and dependence. The drug can be taken orally, injected, or inhaled. Acute higher doses lead to enhanced stimulation of the central nervous system and induce euphoria, alertness, reduced ap ...
Prescribing Information
... Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephr ...
... Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephr ...
Inhibition of airway smooth muscle tone by Chinese herbal medicines
... was not significantly different from that observed with epithelium-intact tissues (fig. 3b). The effects of ouabain and charybdotoxin on the contractile responses to acetylcholine were then examined. As shown in figure 4, pretreatment of tissues with ouabain attenuated the inhibitory effects of TJ-1 ...
... was not significantly different from that observed with epithelium-intact tissues (fig. 3b). The effects of ouabain and charybdotoxin on the contractile responses to acetylcholine were then examined. As shown in figure 4, pretreatment of tissues with ouabain attenuated the inhibitory effects of TJ-1 ...
Drugs and nutrition Drug disposition in obesity and protein–energy
... referred to as drug elimination. Most of the known influences of nutrition status are seen in drug distribution and drug elimination. The pharmacokinetic parameters that reflect these processes are volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance, respectively. The distribution or movement of an active dru ...
... referred to as drug elimination. Most of the known influences of nutrition status are seen in drug distribution and drug elimination. The pharmacokinetic parameters that reflect these processes are volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance, respectively. The distribution or movement of an active dru ...
FLOATING SYSTEMS: A NOVEL APPROACH TOWARDS GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Review Article
... effervescent agents containing sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid was divided into two sublayers to avoid direct contact between the two agents. These sublayers were surrounded by a swellable polymer membrane containing polyvinyl acetate and purified shellac. When this system ...
... effervescent agents containing sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid was divided into two sublayers to avoid direct contact between the two agents. These sublayers were surrounded by a swellable polymer membrane containing polyvinyl acetate and purified shellac. When this system ...
Drug-related morbidity and mortality: Pharmacoepidemiological aspects Anna K. Jönsson
... the patient as well as for society. Suspected ADRs have been reported to occur in about 214% of hospitalised patients. In about 5% of deceased hospitalised patients suspected ADRs may have caused or contributed to the fatal outcome. When a pharmaceutical drug is approved for marketing, the drug has ...
... the patient as well as for society. Suspected ADRs have been reported to occur in about 214% of hospitalised patients. In about 5% of deceased hospitalised patients suspected ADRs may have caused or contributed to the fatal outcome. When a pharmaceutical drug is approved for marketing, the drug has ...
Cocaine-Like Discriminative Stimulus Effects of
... salts constituents which have been reclassified as Schedule I compounds [1, 2, 3]. The mechanisms by which these two compounds produce their effects differ from one another, such that mephedrone not only inhibits monoamine uptake through the monoamine transporters but also stimulates the release of ...
... salts constituents which have been reclassified as Schedule I compounds [1, 2, 3]. The mechanisms by which these two compounds produce their effects differ from one another, such that mephedrone not only inhibits monoamine uptake through the monoamine transporters but also stimulates the release of ...
MetabolicZyme Product Sheet
... 2, and a polypentose, Ac2P, both of which are currently under investigation for effects on immune parameters.* Shiitake is an interferon inducer and increases the activity of the protective antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD).* The soy isoflavones (phytoestrogens) in ...
... 2, and a polypentose, Ac2P, both of which are currently under investigation for effects on immune parameters.* Shiitake is an interferon inducer and increases the activity of the protective antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD).* The soy isoflavones (phytoestrogens) in ...
For more information on accessing electronic
... Most tumors are heterogeneous and many cancers contain small population of highly tumorigenic and intrinsically drug resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Like normal stem cell, CSCs have the ability to selfrenew and differentiate to other tumor cell types. They are believed to be a source for drug re ...
... Most tumors are heterogeneous and many cancers contain small population of highly tumorigenic and intrinsically drug resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Like normal stem cell, CSCs have the ability to selfrenew and differentiate to other tumor cell types. They are believed to be a source for drug re ...
NWQA240_3_miconazole_gel_statins_interaction
... There are no data available that confirm that concomitant use of miconazole and any of the statins results in a clinically significant interaction. The basis for the manufacturer’s contraindication appears to be extrapolation from reports of interactions between other azoles and statins. Interaction ...
... There are no data available that confirm that concomitant use of miconazole and any of the statins results in a clinically significant interaction. The basis for the manufacturer’s contraindication appears to be extrapolation from reports of interactions between other azoles and statins. Interaction ...
CNS STIMULANTS CNS Stimulants: Are a group of drugs which
... and describe the main pharmacological effects they produce Describe the common side effects Explain the mechanism of action and uses of CNS stimulants drugs. CNS STIMULANTS There are two groups of drugs that act primarily to stimulate the CNS. The FIRST Groups the PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS caus ...
... and describe the main pharmacological effects they produce Describe the common side effects Explain the mechanism of action and uses of CNS stimulants drugs. CNS STIMULANTS There are two groups of drugs that act primarily to stimulate the CNS. The FIRST Groups the PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS caus ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.