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lecture14
lecture14

PHYS-AD 301 Electricity and Magnetism Credits: 4 Prerequisites
PHYS-AD 301 Electricity and Magnetism Credits: 4 Prerequisites

... phenomena and develop a deep understanding of these four core equations of physics. EM forces are ultimately responsible for countless phenomena in the human-scale world and elsewhere in the Universe. Learning Outcomes: ...
Analyzing Magnetic Fields with Solenoids - PhysicsEd
Analyzing Magnetic Fields with Solenoids - PhysicsEd

... around $10.00 for a class of 25 students. Many of these materials are able to be recycled for future classes as well. Another benefit to the activity of constructing solenoids is that the procedure is quite straightforward. To begin the experiment, I make sure that both ends of the copper wire are s ...
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... B-field, or when the spin of the negative charge is anti-aligned. (Note that the when there is no external magnetic field, i.e., B = 0, the two states have the same energy and are therefore indistinguishable. In ...
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... voltaic pile through a wire that was placed parallel to a compass needle. The needle was deflected. Later experiments (especially by Ampère) demonstrated that with a strong enough current, a magnetized compass needle will orient itself perpendicular to the direction of the current. If the current wa ...
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Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

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... The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets usually consist of a large number of closely spaced turns of wire that create the magnetic field. You have just made a magnet by using electricity. When you disconnected one end of the wire from the battery, the current did ...
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lab sheet - Faculty of Engineering

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... the existence of two types of charge carriers. It may be extended to consider the Hall effect when both electrons and holes are present. If the magnetic field is not too large, the result for the Hall coefficient is : ...
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cospa2013(jyk)

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... within Earth’s core has a complicated flow pattern that varies with time. These variations cause changes in the magnetic field, resulting in the movement of Earth’s magnetic poles. Scientists still do not have a complete understanding of these phenomena, however. As is the case with any phenomenon t ...
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Measurement of Residential Power Frequency

... in units of tesla (T) or microtesla (µT). Another unit for magnetic field that has been used historically and whose practice has persisted among the scientific/engineering community is the gauss (G) or milligauss (mG) where 1 G is equivalent to 10-4T (or 1 mG = 0.1 µT). 3.2 Duration In general, resi ...
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Multiferroics



Multiferroics have been formally defined as materials that exhibit more than one primary ferroic order parameter simultaneously (i.e. in a single phase), and many researchers in the field consider materials to be multiferroics only if they exhibit coupling between primary order parameters. However, the definition of multiferroics can be expanded to include non-primary order parameters, such as antiferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism.The four basic primary ferroic order parameters areferromagnetismferroelectricityferroelasticityferrotoroidicityThe last is a topic of some debate, as there was no evidence for switching ferrotoroidicity until recently.Many multiferroics are transition metal oxides with perovskite crystal structure, and include rare-earth manganites and -ferrites (e.g. TbMnO3, HoMn2O5, LuFe2O4 and recently, ""PZTFT"",). Other examples are the bismuth compounds BiFeO3 and BiMnO3, non-perovskite oxide LiCu2O2, and non-oxides such as BaNiF4 and spinel chalcogenides, e.g. ZnCr2Se4. These alloys show rich phase diagrams combining different ferroic orders in separate phases.Apart from single phase multiferroics, composites and heterostructures exhibiting more than one ferroic order parameter are studied extensively. Some examples include magnetic thin films on piezoelectric PMN-PT substrates and Metglass/PVDF/Metglass trilayer structures.Besides scientific interest in their physical properties, multiferroics have potential for applications as actuators, switches, magnetic field sensors or new types of electronic memory devices.
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