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Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors
Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors

Determination of Dispersive Properties of Silicas by Inverse Gas
Determination of Dispersive Properties of Silicas by Inverse Gas

... interface and, in particular, on the level of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcing filler. The level of adhesion is determined by the surface energies of both adherents. The surface free energy, which describes the interaction potential of a given surface, has two components: the dispersiv ...
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... other. Furthermore, if charges +10 and −10 are both located inside the box, some field lines from the positive charge may go directly to the negative charge without ever leaving the box, and some field lines may leave the box from the positive charge and come back in to the negative charge. The one ...
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Topics: • Symmetry • The Concept of Flux • Calculating Electric Flux
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... reflective symmetry. If this is the case, we can determine something about the field it produces: The symmetry of an electric field must match the symmetry of the charge distribution. For example, the electric field of a cylindrically symmetric charge distribution a)  cannot have a component paralle ...
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Institute for Materials Science Master Course Materials Science and

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21 Electric Fields - mrphysicsportal.net

... When there are two or more charges, the field is the vector sum of the fields due to the individual charges. The field lines become curved and the pattern complex, Figure 21-3c. Note that field lines always leave a positive charge and enter a negative charge. The Van de Graaff machine is a device th ...
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Mercury(II) Removal with Modified Magnetic Chitosan Adsorbents

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A review of oxygen-17 solid-state NMR of organic materials
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Engineering a p+ ip Superconductor: Comparison of Topological

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Electromagnetic toroidal excitations in matter and free space

© NCERT not to be republished
© NCERT not to be republished

Journal of American Science 2014;10(2s) Sajjad Seifi Mofarah , Javad Tavakoli
Journal of American Science 2014;10(2s) Sajjad Seifi Mofarah , Javad Tavakoli

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IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.

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Integrating spin currents into physics of matter

... new power generation method which builds electricity from heat. “This phenomenon is called the spin Seebeck effect. We did not consider at all that this phenomenon would be appricable for practical use. To convert heat to electricity, the thermoelectric conversion elements made of semiconductors are ...
EQUILIBRIUM MODE DISTRIBUTION IN W
EQUILIBRIUM MODE DISTRIBUTION IN W

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Multiferroics



Multiferroics have been formally defined as materials that exhibit more than one primary ferroic order parameter simultaneously (i.e. in a single phase), and many researchers in the field consider materials to be multiferroics only if they exhibit coupling between primary order parameters. However, the definition of multiferroics can be expanded to include non-primary order parameters, such as antiferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism.The four basic primary ferroic order parameters areferromagnetismferroelectricityferroelasticityferrotoroidicityThe last is a topic of some debate, as there was no evidence for switching ferrotoroidicity until recently.Many multiferroics are transition metal oxides with perovskite crystal structure, and include rare-earth manganites and -ferrites (e.g. TbMnO3, HoMn2O5, LuFe2O4 and recently, ""PZTFT"",). Other examples are the bismuth compounds BiFeO3 and BiMnO3, non-perovskite oxide LiCu2O2, and non-oxides such as BaNiF4 and spinel chalcogenides, e.g. ZnCr2Se4. These alloys show rich phase diagrams combining different ferroic orders in separate phases.Apart from single phase multiferroics, composites and heterostructures exhibiting more than one ferroic order parameter are studied extensively. Some examples include magnetic thin films on piezoelectric PMN-PT substrates and Metglass/PVDF/Metglass trilayer structures.Besides scientific interest in their physical properties, multiferroics have potential for applications as actuators, switches, magnetic field sensors or new types of electronic memory devices.
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