Energy flow and the speed of electric field in DC circuit
... wire in the form of heat. So our "crazy" theory says that the electrons are getting their energy to generate heat because of the energy flowing into the wire from the field outside. Intuition would seem to tell us that the electrons get their energy from being pushed along the wire, so the energy sh ...
... wire in the form of heat. So our "crazy" theory says that the electrons are getting their energy to generate heat because of the energy flowing into the wire from the field outside. Intuition would seem to tell us that the electrons get their energy from being pushed along the wire, so the energy sh ...
rounding the corners in an electromechanical fem model
... One standard method to overcome these convergence problems consists in rounding off the corners6 . In that case the singularity is smoothed, thus the charge peak at the corner remains bounded, hence there is a finite force peak at the corner. However one big disadvantage of a rounded corner is relat ...
... One standard method to overcome these convergence problems consists in rounding off the corners6 . In that case the singularity is smoothed, thus the charge peak at the corner remains bounded, hence there is a finite force peak at the corner. However one big disadvantage of a rounded corner is relat ...
An evaluation of switching criteria for ferroelectrics under stress and
... ferroelectric sensors operate within the linear regime with subsequent signal amplification: linearity is more important than signal power. In other applications such as ferroelectric actuators, nonlinear behaviour is a consequence of operating at high power. It is useful to introduce the concept of ...
... ferroelectric sensors operate within the linear regime with subsequent signal amplification: linearity is more important than signal power. In other applications such as ferroelectric actuators, nonlinear behaviour is a consequence of operating at high power. It is useful to introduce the concept of ...
Document
... where J stands for the impressed source producing the time-varying electromagnetic field. The four Maxwell’s equations are not independent. Equations 4 and 3 can be derived from Equation 1 and 2, respectively, and vise versa. For static fields, we have E D H B ...
... where J stands for the impressed source producing the time-varying electromagnetic field. The four Maxwell’s equations are not independent. Equations 4 and 3 can be derived from Equation 1 and 2, respectively, and vise versa. For static fields, we have E D H B ...
Manipulating exciton fine-structure in quantum dots with a lateral electric field
... have found the alignment of the linear polarization orientation to be orthogonal relative to the crystallographic fast growth direction [1-10] [3, 4, 6, 7, 15]. We have studied several QDs in the depletion region of our device, and surprisingly we find that the polarization orientation with respect ...
... have found the alignment of the linear polarization orientation to be orthogonal relative to the crystallographic fast growth direction [1-10] [3, 4, 6, 7, 15]. We have studied several QDs in the depletion region of our device, and surprisingly we find that the polarization orientation with respect ...
application of piezoelectric materials in transportation
... The physical properties of the device mainly depend on its constructive designs. Piezoelectric stack actuators, for instance, typically generate large forces of several kN and only small free strokes of some microns. The voltages necessary to drive the device is between several 100V and 1 kV, depend ...
... The physical properties of the device mainly depend on its constructive designs. Piezoelectric stack actuators, for instance, typically generate large forces of several kN and only small free strokes of some microns. The voltages necessary to drive the device is between several 100V and 1 kV, depend ...
Multiferroics
Multiferroics have been formally defined as materials that exhibit more than one primary ferroic order parameter simultaneously (i.e. in a single phase), and many researchers in the field consider materials to be multiferroics only if they exhibit coupling between primary order parameters. However, the definition of multiferroics can be expanded to include non-primary order parameters, such as antiferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism.The four basic primary ferroic order parameters areferromagnetismferroelectricityferroelasticityferrotoroidicityThe last is a topic of some debate, as there was no evidence for switching ferrotoroidicity until recently.Many multiferroics are transition metal oxides with perovskite crystal structure, and include rare-earth manganites and -ferrites (e.g. TbMnO3, HoMn2O5, LuFe2O4 and recently, ""PZTFT"",). Other examples are the bismuth compounds BiFeO3 and BiMnO3, non-perovskite oxide LiCu2O2, and non-oxides such as BaNiF4 and spinel chalcogenides, e.g. ZnCr2Se4. These alloys show rich phase diagrams combining different ferroic orders in separate phases.Apart from single phase multiferroics, composites and heterostructures exhibiting more than one ferroic order parameter are studied extensively. Some examples include magnetic thin films on piezoelectric PMN-PT substrates and Metglass/PVDF/Metglass trilayer structures.Besides scientific interest in their physical properties, multiferroics have potential for applications as actuators, switches, magnetic field sensors or new types of electronic memory devices.