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chapter 23 the transition elements and their
chapter 23 the transition elements and their

... a) While transition elements commonly show multiple oxidation states, main-group elements show multiple oxidation states less frequently. Since the outermost s and d electrons in transition elements are so close in energy, all of these electrons can become involved in the bonding. b) The +2 oxidatio ...
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... 4: use double and triple bonds as necessary o Formal charges: subtract the amount of electrons on the periodic table (for that element) from the electrons you drew in ~ 0 means right on ~ the negative charge should be on the most electronegative atom o Resonance: when one Lewis structure can’t accur ...
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... * each atom gets one of the bonding electrons; each atom has now an unpaired electron and is therefore unstable and reactive; such a particle with an unpaired electron is called a free radical * free radicals have a strong tendency to react and usually have a short existence; tend to be intermediate ...
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... this process of the formation and breaking of metal–metal bonds (MM) are mostly unknown. This fundamental process and molecular intermediates exhibiting MM bonding are therefore central to this contribution. These molecular intermediates are mostly addressed as metal atom clusters.1 However, since t ...
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... VI group was known as chalcogens, Justify? VI group was known as chalcogens, Since, most of the ores are in the form of oxides (or) sulphides and so on. These are called as chalcogens which means ore forming elements. ...
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Ch 2 Sample Exercises PPT

... (a) The number of protons (22) is the atomic number of the element. By referring to a periodic table or list of elements, we see that the element with atomic number 22 is titanium (Ti). The mass number of this isotope of titanium is 22 + 26 = 48 (the sum of the protons and neutrons). Because the ion ...
< 1 ... 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ... 117 >

Metallic bonding

Metallic bonding occurs as a result of electromagnetism and describes the electrostatic attractive force that occurs between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a lattice of positively charged ions (cations). In a more quantum-mechanical view, the conduction electrons divide their density equally over all atoms that function as neutral (non-charged) entities. Metallic bonding accounts for many physical properties of metals, such as strength, ductility, thermal and electrical resistivity and conductivity, opacity, and luster.Metallic bonding is not the only type of chemical bonding a metal can exhibit, even as a pure substance. For example, elemental gallium consists of covalently-bound pairs of atoms in both liquid and solid state—these pairs form a crystal lattice with metallic bonding between them. Another example of a metal–metal covalent bond is mercurous ion (Hg2+2).
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