Characterization of the Magnetic-Field Parameters of an
... magnetic field matches that of the microwave signal, allowing for efficient transfer of energy to the electrons. Since the magnetic field strength varies with position, the cyclotronresonant region can be placed where desired. However, undesired variations in the applied current or resultant magneti ...
... magnetic field matches that of the microwave signal, allowing for efficient transfer of energy to the electrons. Since the magnetic field strength varies with position, the cyclotronresonant region can be placed where desired. However, undesired variations in the applied current or resultant magneti ...
Proposal for Manipulating and Detecting Spin and Orbital States of
... A motionally excited electron can relax radiatively via spontaneous emission directly into free space, through the cavity, or the trap bias electrode. The electron radiates very little into free space, both because it is small (ax ) and because the microwave environment is carefully controlled. I ...
... A motionally excited electron can relax radiatively via spontaneous emission directly into free space, through the cavity, or the trap bias electrode. The electron radiates very little into free space, both because it is small (ax ) and because the microwave environment is carefully controlled. I ...
cathode ray oscilloscope (cro)
... open wire test lead for connecting to the point being observed is not satisfactory, and a probe is generally necessary. General-purpose oscilloscopes usually present an input impedance of 1 mega ohm in parallel with a small but known capacitance such as 20 picofarads. This allows the use of standard ...
... open wire test lead for connecting to the point being observed is not satisfactory, and a probe is generally necessary. General-purpose oscilloscopes usually present an input impedance of 1 mega ohm in parallel with a small but known capacitance such as 20 picofarads. This allows the use of standard ...
step up transformer
... kVp, mA, exposure time, and focal spot . • When the exposure switch is depressed, manipulation of electricity to produce x-rays begins. • It is necessary to follow the sequence of events in two parts. • the voltage through to the x-ray tube, • then go back and follow the voltage and current through ...
... kVp, mA, exposure time, and focal spot . • When the exposure switch is depressed, manipulation of electricity to produce x-rays begins. • It is necessary to follow the sequence of events in two parts. • the voltage through to the x-ray tube, • then go back and follow the voltage and current through ...
Single-chip detector for electron spin resonance spectroscopy
... Due to the limited current capabilities of the integrated circuit, the signal at the output of the chip is introduced in an inverter buffer. The output of the buffer is mixed with a local oscillator signal at 7.6 MHz. The signal at the output of the mixer 共at 200 kHz兲 is introduced in a phase-locked ...
... Due to the limited current capabilities of the integrated circuit, the signal at the output of the chip is introduced in an inverter buffer. The output of the buffer is mixed with a local oscillator signal at 7.6 MHz. The signal at the output of the mixer 共at 200 kHz兲 is introduced in a phase-locked ...
Cavity magnetron
The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open metal cavities (cavity resonators). Bunches of electrons passing by the openings to the cavities excite radio wave oscillations in the cavity, much as a guitar's strings excite sound in its sound box. The frequency of the microwaves produced, the resonant frequency, is determined by the cavities' physical dimensions. Unlike other microwave tubes, such as the klystron and traveling-wave tube (TWT), the magnetron cannot function as an amplifier, increasing the power of an applied microwave signal, it serves solely as an oscillator, generating a microwave signal from direct current power supplied to the tube.The first form of magnetron tube, the split-anode magnetron, was invented by Albert Hull in 1920, but it wasn't capable of high frequencies and was little used. Similar devices were experimented with by many teams through the 1920s and 30s. On November 27, 1935, Hans Erich Hollmann applied for a patent for the first multiple cavities magnetron, which he received on July 12, 1938, but the more stable klystron was preferred for most German radars during World War II. The cavity magnetron tube was later improved by John Randall and Harry Boot in 1940 at the University of Birmingham, England. The high power of pulses from their device made centimeter-band radar practical for the Allies of World War II, with shorter wavelength radars allowing detection of smaller objects from smaller antennas. The compact cavity magnetron tube drastically reduced the size of radar sets so that they could be installed in anti-submarine aircraft and escort ships.In the post-war era the magnetron became less widely used in the radar role. This was because the magnetron's output changes from pulse to pulse, both in frequency and phase. This makes the signal unsuitable for pulse-to-pulse comparisons, which is widely used for detecting and removing ""clutter"" from the radar display. The magnetron remains in use in some radars, but has become much more common as a low-cost microwave source for microwave ovens. In this form, approximately one billion magnetrons are in use today.