The Central Dogma of Biology DNA → RNA→ Protein
... - DNA was actually discovered in the 1860’s - DNA is made of only 4 nucleotides (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine) also known as bases - initially DNA was considered interesting but too simple to be important! - a molecule of DNA has 2 strands held together by hydrogen bonds (hydrogen bonds a ...
... - DNA was actually discovered in the 1860’s - DNA is made of only 4 nucleotides (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine) also known as bases - initially DNA was considered interesting but too simple to be important! - a molecule of DNA has 2 strands held together by hydrogen bonds (hydrogen bonds a ...
Unit 7 Molecular Genetics Module 1 DNA Discovery
... THE DISCOVERY OF DNA AND IT’S STRUCTURE 1. Below is a diagram representing Frederick Griffin’s 1928 experiment attempting to show that DNA was the heritable genetic material. Give a brief description of his methods AND findings. ...
... THE DISCOVERY OF DNA AND IT’S STRUCTURE 1. Below is a diagram representing Frederick Griffin’s 1928 experiment attempting to show that DNA was the heritable genetic material. Give a brief description of his methods AND findings. ...
Unit 6 Study Guide: DNA Structure
... A new understanding of heredity and hereditary disease was possible once it was determined that DNA consists of two chains twisted around each other, or double helixes, of alternating phosphate and sugar groups, and that the two chains are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of organic bas ...
... A new understanding of heredity and hereditary disease was possible once it was determined that DNA consists of two chains twisted around each other, or double helixes, of alternating phosphate and sugar groups, and that the two chains are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of organic bas ...
notes File - selu moodle
... Primase – adds ribonucleotides to start DNA strand DNA polymerase III – uses energy in tri-phosphate nucleotides to add nucleotides to growing strand of DNA using complementary base pairing DNA polymerase I – replaces RNA primer and fills gaps Ligase – seals nicks in DNA backbone Leading strand can ...
... Primase – adds ribonucleotides to start DNA strand DNA polymerase III – uses energy in tri-phosphate nucleotides to add nucleotides to growing strand of DNA using complementary base pairing DNA polymerase I – replaces RNA primer and fills gaps Ligase – seals nicks in DNA backbone Leading strand can ...
Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein Lecture 10
... RNA Polymerases Prokaryotes: One RNA Polymerase, composed of four subunits, plus additional factors that can confer promoter specificity Eukaryotes: Three RNA Polymerases (RNA Pol I, II, III), each composed of >10 different proteins, transcribe different types of genes. ...
... RNA Polymerases Prokaryotes: One RNA Polymerase, composed of four subunits, plus additional factors that can confer promoter specificity Eukaryotes: Three RNA Polymerases (RNA Pol I, II, III), each composed of >10 different proteins, transcribe different types of genes. ...
Biology: DNA Review Packet
... 11. For each statement write either DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, RNA Polymerase Reconnects DNA during replication Separates DNA during transcription Separates DNA during replication ...
... 11. For each statement write either DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, RNA Polymerase Reconnects DNA during replication Separates DNA during transcription Separates DNA during replication ...
Structure of transfer RNA anticodon amino acid attachment site
... Push plunger to first stop Insert tip into liquid Release plunger SLOWLY Position over well in gel Push plunger SLOWLY to second stop to fill well Discard tip in orange bag ...
... Push plunger to first stop Insert tip into liquid Release plunger SLOWLY Position over well in gel Push plunger SLOWLY to second stop to fill well Discard tip in orange bag ...
Ch. 12 topics, vocab, and review questions
... What do you need to know… 1. The structure of DNA; why its built the way it is, how its structured, and general information about DNA. 2. Structure of chromosomes; role of histones and nucleosomes in chromosomal packaging, any differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. 3. DNA Replication; What, ...
... What do you need to know… 1. The structure of DNA; why its built the way it is, how its structured, and general information about DNA. 2. Structure of chromosomes; role of histones and nucleosomes in chromosomal packaging, any differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. 3. DNA Replication; What, ...
Answers to Problem Set 3A
... both of those locations, doing leading strand synthesis at the further right location, and doing lagging strand synthesis at the left location. Yet we know that both DNA polymerase III complexes involved in synthesis of the right fork are in actuality at the same location, and this is allowed becaus ...
... both of those locations, doing leading strand synthesis at the further right location, and doing lagging strand synthesis at the left location. Yet we know that both DNA polymerase III complexes involved in synthesis of the right fork are in actuality at the same location, and this is allowed becaus ...
Unit 6: DNA and RNA
... Essential Concepts and Skills 1. Understand the history of DNA. a. Know key scientists who aided in its discovery. b. Understand the timeline of contributions. 2. Explain how the genetic code is contained in DNA. a. DNA is a macromolecule (polymer) made up of repeating subunits called nucleotides (m ...
... Essential Concepts and Skills 1. Understand the history of DNA. a. Know key scientists who aided in its discovery. b. Understand the timeline of contributions. 2. Explain how the genetic code is contained in DNA. a. DNA is a macromolecule (polymer) made up of repeating subunits called nucleotides (m ...
Ch6.1 - Cobb Learning
... 9.Changes in the number, type, or order of DNA bases: 26.How often is DNA copied? ______________________________________________________________________________ 10.Analysis of fragments of DNA as a form of identification (two words): 27.What in the cell helps with unwinding, copying, and rewinding t ...
... 9.Changes in the number, type, or order of DNA bases: 26.How often is DNA copied? ______________________________________________________________________________ 10.Analysis of fragments of DNA as a form of identification (two words): 27.What in the cell helps with unwinding, copying, and rewinding t ...
atgccaatgggatc
... Base Pairing: __________ bases (a pair) make up each “___________” of the DNA ladder In base pairing: Adenine always pairs with _________________ (A-T) Cytosine always pairs with _________________ (C-G) ...
... Base Pairing: __________ bases (a pair) make up each “___________” of the DNA ladder In base pairing: Adenine always pairs with _________________ (A-T) Cytosine always pairs with _________________ (C-G) ...
2nd Nine Weeks Study Guide Answers
... 29. What is the primary function of DNA? Storage of genetic material 30. List 3 differences between DNA & RNA. Shape- DNA is double helix and RNA is a single strand. Sugar- DNA has deoxyribose and RNA ...
... 29. What is the primary function of DNA? Storage of genetic material 30. List 3 differences between DNA & RNA. Shape- DNA is double helix and RNA is a single strand. Sugar- DNA has deoxyribose and RNA ...
FIGURE 9.2
... the DNA strands. An RNA primer is synthesized, and is elongated by the DNA polymerase. On the leading strand, DNA is synthesized continuously, whereas on the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short stretches (Okazaki fragments) as DNA polymerase can only work in the 5’ to 3’ direction. The DNA f ...
... the DNA strands. An RNA primer is synthesized, and is elongated by the DNA polymerase. On the leading strand, DNA is synthesized continuously, whereas on the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short stretches (Okazaki fragments) as DNA polymerase can only work in the 5’ to 3’ direction. The DNA f ...
Reading GuideDNAto protein(CH7)
... backbone, the sugar and phosphate are covalently bonded in alternating subunits. The sugar found in the structure of DNA is deoxyribose and it is here that the nitrogenous bases bind. In DNA, these nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Can you draw a model of DNA? A few more ...
... backbone, the sugar and phosphate are covalently bonded in alternating subunits. The sugar found in the structure of DNA is deoxyribose and it is here that the nitrogenous bases bind. In DNA, these nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Can you draw a model of DNA? A few more ...
DNA & DNA Replication
... Other daughter strand is also synthesized 5’3’ because that is only way that DNA can be assembled However the template is also being read ...
... Other daughter strand is also synthesized 5’3’ because that is only way that DNA can be assembled However the template is also being read ...
DNA replication limits…
... Incorrectly paired nucleotides that still remain following mismatch repair become permanent mutations after the next cell division. This is because once such mistakes are established, the cell no longer recognizes them as errors. Consider the case of wobble-induced replication errors. When these mis ...
... Incorrectly paired nucleotides that still remain following mismatch repair become permanent mutations after the next cell division. This is because once such mistakes are established, the cell no longer recognizes them as errors. Consider the case of wobble-induced replication errors. When these mis ...
DNA and RNA
... (DNA)--contains all the information for growth and function. Chromosomes are made of DNA. Double Helix- Large DNA molecule that looks like a twisted ladder. Each step of the ladder is made of nitrogen bases connected by phosphates and sugars. ...
... (DNA)--contains all the information for growth and function. Chromosomes are made of DNA. Double Helix- Large DNA molecule that looks like a twisted ladder. Each step of the ladder is made of nitrogen bases connected by phosphates and sugars. ...
01/19/2017 Worksheet - Iowa State University
... 6. Sketch a model of two DNA nucleotides in separate nucleic acid polymers that are associating to form a double-stranded DNA molecule. Draw the sugars of these two nucleotides specifically and indicate directionality. The nitrogenous base doesn’t have to be specific, but choose two bases that would ...
... 6. Sketch a model of two DNA nucleotides in separate nucleic acid polymers that are associating to form a double-stranded DNA molecule. Draw the sugars of these two nucleotides specifically and indicate directionality. The nitrogenous base doesn’t have to be specific, but choose two bases that would ...
Ch 16 DNA structure and replication powerpoint
... B. DNA strands are antiparallel, continuous synthesis of both DNA strands is not possible 1. chains have direction - one end (5') has a free phosphate, the other (3') a free hydroxyl (-OH) 2. double stranded molecule, the two strands are opposite, one is 3' to 5' and the other is 5' to 3' antipara ...
... B. DNA strands are antiparallel, continuous synthesis of both DNA strands is not possible 1. chains have direction - one end (5') has a free phosphate, the other (3') a free hydroxyl (-OH) 2. double stranded molecule, the two strands are opposite, one is 3' to 5' and the other is 5' to 3' antipara ...
Unit 2 Lesson 6: DNA Structure and Function
... • Bases always pair in specific ways – complementary bases • adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) ...
... • Bases always pair in specific ways – complementary bases • adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) ...
DNA replication
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of two strands and each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the production of the complementary strand, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication.In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome. Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands results in replication forks growing bidirectional from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork which helps in terms of the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA by adding complementary nucleotides to the template strand.DNA replication can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common laboratory technique, cyclically applies such artificial synthesis to amplify a specific target DNA fragment from a pool of DNA.