Principles of Drugs
... • Verify identity of patient with drug order. • Read medication label & verify – Drug itself – Amount of drug – Verify suitability for administration by intended route • Verify dosage calculations • Use special handling if drug requires ...
... • Verify identity of patient with drug order. • Read medication label & verify – Drug itself – Amount of drug – Verify suitability for administration by intended route • Verify dosage calculations • Use special handling if drug requires ...
Drugs & Crime
... 6)How can you test a person’s plasma to determine if they took aspirin? 7)What is metabolism? 8)How much Salicylate concentration would remain in a person’s plasma after 3 hours? 9)What is the presumptive test for marijuana? 10)What does a positive Duquenois-Levin test indicate? 11)What spot tests a ...
... 6)How can you test a person’s plasma to determine if they took aspirin? 7)What is metabolism? 8)How much Salicylate concentration would remain in a person’s plasma after 3 hours? 9)What is the presumptive test for marijuana? 10)What does a positive Duquenois-Levin test indicate? 11)What spot tests a ...
chapt22_lecture
... Commonly Used Drug References Commonly Used Drug References •Hospital Formulary - lists drugs that are approved for patient care in a given facility •Physician’s Desk Reference® (PDR) - widely used reference - lists drugs by their drug class and includes information such as side effects, appropriat ...
... Commonly Used Drug References Commonly Used Drug References •Hospital Formulary - lists drugs that are approved for patient care in a given facility •Physician’s Desk Reference® (PDR) - widely used reference - lists drugs by their drug class and includes information such as side effects, appropriat ...
DEVELOPMENT OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF MEFENAMIC ACID IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
... were also done. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interferences from the commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives and excipients. ...
... were also done. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interferences from the commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives and excipients. ...
MediGene Adds Romania and Bulgaria to Existing
... Germany serving as the reference state in this process. Veregen®: Veregen® (formerly Polyphenon E® Ointment) for the topical treatment of external genital warts is a concentrate of catechins with a complex defined composition, extracted from green tea leaves. MediGene acquired the basic rights to th ...
... Germany serving as the reference state in this process. Veregen®: Veregen® (formerly Polyphenon E® Ointment) for the topical treatment of external genital warts is a concentrate of catechins with a complex defined composition, extracted from green tea leaves. MediGene acquired the basic rights to th ...
General Principles - My Illinois State
... Depending on the rates of absorption and elimination, as well as the dosing interval, a certain amount of drug is accumulated within the body. ...
... Depending on the rates of absorption and elimination, as well as the dosing interval, a certain amount of drug is accumulated within the body. ...
Choose the correct answer for questions (1-90: Question 1
... c. Lansoprazole d. Cimetidine e. Famotidine 34. The selective cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 inhibitors have been associated with which of the following adverse drug reactions? a. Severe ischemic colitis b. Torsade des pointes c. Cardiovascular thrombotic events d. Acute liver failure e. Churg-Strauss synd ...
... c. Lansoprazole d. Cimetidine e. Famotidine 34. The selective cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 inhibitors have been associated with which of the following adverse drug reactions? a. Severe ischemic colitis b. Torsade des pointes c. Cardiovascular thrombotic events d. Acute liver failure e. Churg-Strauss synd ...
Advantages - pharmacist
... • First pass metabolism in the liver and GI tract is avoided • Reduced need for drug readministration (some patches can last 7 days) ...
... • First pass metabolism in the liver and GI tract is avoided • Reduced need for drug readministration (some patches can last 7 days) ...
Slide 1
... Tolerance develops quickly and higher doses are required to achieve the same effect. Often, by 4-6 months, benzos have little efficacy ...
... Tolerance develops quickly and higher doses are required to achieve the same effect. Often, by 4-6 months, benzos have little efficacy ...
general toxicology
... chemical interaction—the concentration of the drug at the site of action controls the effect. However, response to concentration may be complex and is often nonlinear. The relationship between the drug dose, regardless of route used, and the drug concentration at the cellular level is even more comp ...
... chemical interaction—the concentration of the drug at the site of action controls the effect. However, response to concentration may be complex and is often nonlinear. The relationship between the drug dose, regardless of route used, and the drug concentration at the cellular level is even more comp ...
THE MEDICATION USE PROCESS
... removing fluid. - The protective overwrap should not be removed from a PVC bag until it is ready to be used. - To minimize air turbulence in the critical area, position the injection port of a PVC bag, which is covered by an outside latex tip diaphragm, toward the HEPA filter when preparing an IV ad ...
... removing fluid. - The protective overwrap should not be removed from a PVC bag until it is ready to be used. - To minimize air turbulence in the critical area, position the injection port of a PVC bag, which is covered by an outside latex tip diaphragm, toward the HEPA filter when preparing an IV ad ...
DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS
... Hypothesis of Ariens and Stephenson “ Effectiveness of a drug lasts as long as the receptor is occupied. Many substance possess different effect , some have high affinity for the receptor, some have low affinity and some are not effective, and those ineffective substances block or inhibit the recept ...
... Hypothesis of Ariens and Stephenson “ Effectiveness of a drug lasts as long as the receptor is occupied. Many substance possess different effect , some have high affinity for the receptor, some have low affinity and some are not effective, and those ineffective substances block or inhibit the recept ...
Basic Principles of Pharmacology
... - Chemical name e.g. acetyl salicylic acid - Generic name; nonproprietary; official; approved name... Aspirin (most widely used in pharmacology) - Official name... Aspirin BP; Aspirin USP - Trade name; Proprietary; brand name Remine®; Bufferin®...etc ...
... - Chemical name e.g. acetyl salicylic acid - Generic name; nonproprietary; official; approved name... Aspirin (most widely used in pharmacology) - Official name... Aspirin BP; Aspirin USP - Trade name; Proprietary; brand name Remine®; Bufferin®...etc ...
“Off-Label” and Investigational Use of Approved Drugs and
... Investigators should carefully consider the risk implications of any conditions of use in the study that deviate from the conditions of use described in the drug’s labeling, with particular attention to the following: Route of Administration: A change in the route of administration can introduce a s ...
... Investigators should carefully consider the risk implications of any conditions of use in the study that deviate from the conditions of use described in the drug’s labeling, with particular attention to the following: Route of Administration: A change in the route of administration can introduce a s ...
Polypharmacy Powerpoint Presentation
... • Successful students will be able to: – Identify and describe age-related physiological changes that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacotherapy. ...
... • Successful students will be able to: – Identify and describe age-related physiological changes that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacotherapy. ...
dental second assessment
... Q2. EXPLAIN WHY 1. Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in neonates ? ...
... Q2. EXPLAIN WHY 1. Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in neonates ? ...
Session 7 - Teaching Slides
... By the end of this session, participants will be able to: Describe 4 components of pharmacokinetics Explain importance of the liver’s P450 system in drug metabolism Explain how an inducer and an inhibitor affect the blood level of CYP450 substrates Describe the most important drug-drug inter ...
... By the end of this session, participants will be able to: Describe 4 components of pharmacokinetics Explain importance of the liver’s P450 system in drug metabolism Explain how an inducer and an inhibitor affect the blood level of CYP450 substrates Describe the most important drug-drug inter ...
New drug development and approval process
... Body Weight: usual doses for drugs are suitable for 70-kg (150 Ib) individuals. The ratio between amount of drug administered and the size of the body influences drug concentration in body fluids. Therefore, drug dosage require adjustment heavy patients. Body weight is more dependable than age. In s ...
... Body Weight: usual doses for drugs are suitable for 70-kg (150 Ib) individuals. The ratio between amount of drug administered and the size of the body influences drug concentration in body fluids. Therefore, drug dosage require adjustment heavy patients. Body weight is more dependable than age. In s ...
Done By: Haya Tabaza Advanced Technology Lecture #10
... surfactant ( surfactants have the property of being absorbed at the active site of the enzymes and they inhibit the binding between the substrate and the enzyme) . These 2 mechanisms might be responsible for the reduction in the presystemic metabolism. - In some cases we might have an advantage rela ...
... surfactant ( surfactants have the property of being absorbed at the active site of the enzymes and they inhibit the binding between the substrate and the enzyme) . These 2 mechanisms might be responsible for the reduction in the presystemic metabolism. - In some cases we might have an advantage rela ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.