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James D. Jackson - IWMC World Conservation Trust
James D. Jackson - IWMC World Conservation Trust

... hockey stick type graph. No less than nine types of fundamental data processing and statistical errors were found in the work. To prove their point, McIntyre and McKitrick (2005a, 2005b) used the Mann et al. (1998) data and produced a revised graph (figure 1), which showed a rise in temperature in t ...
Land-Sea Warming Contrast
Land-Sea Warming Contrast

... Sutton, R., B. Dong, and J. M. Gregory, 2007: Land/sea warming ratio in response to climate change: IPCC AR4 model results and comparison with observations. Geophys. ...
on global warming and the role of fossil fuels
on global warming and the role of fossil fuels

... “what is the evidence that fossil fuel burning on earth is the cause of temperature rises this century and what, if any, are the implications for the future?” In order to put the discussion into a consistent framework, reference will be made to data and commentary provided in the IPCC Report “Climat ...
http://abcnews/ - Global Warming
http://abcnews/ - Global Warming

... mountain areas will lose their snow and winter tourists. In southern Europe, heat and drought will reduce water availability, hydropower, summer tourism, and crop production. Summer water stress will also be high in central and eastern Europe. Crop yields will fall, forests will decline, and peat fi ...
The Science of Climate Change - Bren School of Environmental
The Science of Climate Change - Bren School of Environmental

... Finding based on IPCC conclusions Endangerment finding sets up regulation of greenhouse gases through the Clean Air Act ...
Climatic changes in the last 200 years
Climatic changes in the last 200 years

... Yes, +0.7 oC / 100 years ...
Hiatus in context
Hiatus in context

... outside the scientific community, as well as within, for a more detailed investigation. An evaluation of the warming slow-down, and its absence in climate model simulations, was duly included by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its Fifth Assessment Report of the Physical Basis ...
Changes in the Global Water Cycle Linked to Global Warming
Changes in the Global Water Cycle Linked to Global Warming

... regarding historical trends in hydrologic variables. The results of this analysis suggest that global warming may have indeed intensified the global water cycle over the course of the 20th century. There is a strong scientific evidence of the increase in the global average surface air temperature du ...
Greenhouse Effect Lab
Greenhouse Effect Lab

... the widespread discussion of climate change issues in the news and in scientific journals, or very possibly because of it, misconceptions and outright untruths abound. Burning fossil fuels that release carbon dioxide is the primary cause of global warming and climate change. The resulting greenhouse ...
Contrarian views on Climate Change
Contrarian views on Climate Change

... “Climate is always changing ­— change is what climate does,” explains Professor Bob Carter, geologist and environmental scientist at James Cook University in Queensland, Australia. “The rates and magnitude of warming during the late 20th century fell within the limits of earlier natural climate chan ...
1.1.1 Student Hook A..
1.1.1 Student Hook A..

... Many of the world’s biggest cities, from Tokyo to Buenos Aires, are by the coast. Some rich nations might be able to build higher dikes, such as in the Netherlands, but poor nations were destined to be swamped. The low-lying Pacific island nation of Tuvalu has already agreed to a deal for New Zealan ...
climate wars, scientific evidence, and the future of homo sapiens
climate wars, scientific evidence, and the future of homo sapiens

...  “First the UK Parliament’s Science and Technology Committee exonerated the scientist at the centre of the tempest, Professor Phil Jones, finding he has ‘no case to answer’ and that his reputation ‘remains intact.’”2  “Then, Lord Oxburgh (former chairman of Shell-UK) and his panel likewise exonera ...
St. Francis Xavier University Third Year Biology Courses
St. Francis Xavier University Third Year Biology Courses

... in the hypodermis of the skin. Fur and feathers also provide insulation. Endothermic animals can colonize a wide range of habitats. ...
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I attended the recent ASHRAE (American Society of Heating

... 3 Key Points on Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Once again at the ASHRAE meeting and technical conference held in Chicago January 21-25, 2006 I had the opportunity to attend several presentations on Ozone Depletion and Global Climate Change. I as have said before, I always enjoy attending these u ...
New York Review of Books - Yale Economics
New York Review of Books - Yale Economics

... A second and even more dangerous uncertainty is “tipping points” in the earth system. Among the global-scale tipping points identified by earth scientists are the collapse of large ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, changes in ocean circulation, feedback processes by which warming triggers mor ...
Role play
Role play

... bodies like the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS). What do scientists agree on?  Scientists do agree that: 1) global average temperature is about 0.6°Celsius—or just over 1° Fahrenheit—higher than it was a century ago; 2) ...
pdf
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... 100 YEARS RISING ...
Opinion Hilal Elver  Last Modified: 10 Oct 2013 11:41
Opinion Hilal Elver Last Modified: 10 Oct 2013 11:41

... Secondly, climate change deniers already started to attack the report before its formal release, saying that there was no "smoking gun", and nothing new to worry about. They spread a rumour that global warming had slowed during the past 15 years. The work of the deniers is disturbingly successful wi ...
Global Warming: Frequently Asked Questions
Global Warming: Frequently Asked Questions

... to prevent the worst consequences of global warming. One recent paper put it more simply: the world can only burn about half of its remaining gas and coal reserves to meet such a target.v ...
Additional Reading Notes (WORD document)
Additional Reading Notes (WORD document)

... 1. Climate changes have happened throughout the history of the Earth, including the last 100 years. Given that global average temperature has increased over the last 100 years, we expect that some of the responses will be things like higher sea levels and decreased sea ice. However, these observed c ...
The science debate behind climate change
The science debate behind climate change

... time. Of course, this is inexact because of all the factors that could affect the amount of CO 2 in ice core samples. Scientists take these into consideration using their computer models, but there is always some inherent uncertainty that can exponentially increase if the assumptions their model is ...
A noodle, hockey stick, and spaghetti plate: a perspective on high-resolution paleoclimatology
A noodle, hockey stick, and spaghetti plate: a perspective on high-resolution paleoclimatology

... over the past-millennium benchmarks recent warming against more naturally driven climate episodes, such as the Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period, thereby allowing assessment of the relative efficacies of natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Icons of past temperature variability, as f ...
TRUE OR FALSE: 97% of all scientists support global warming theory
TRUE OR FALSE: 97% of all scientists support global warming theory

... maliciously misquoted. Here’s one such statistic in the Cook survey, and it’s huge: The 97% figure does not refer to a consensus of “all scientists”, as is widely misreported. The 97% “consensus” refers exclusively to the support level among scientists whose papers stated a pro-or-con position about ...
Theoretical mechanism for natural radiative forcing of El Nino
Theoretical mechanism for natural radiative forcing of El Nino

... •Differences between estimates of extratropical and full (combined tropical and extratropical) hemispheric mean temperature changes in past centuries appear consistent with seasonal and spatially-specific responses to climate forcing. •Observations of an El Nino-like response to explosive tropical v ...
Interactive comment on “Relationship between climate
Interactive comment on “Relationship between climate

... Dynasties. Hum Ecol (2010) 38:157–172. 3. Page 3576, line 18, “We divided the changes in the frequency of war into three periods based on the frequency of war in different dynasties”. The standard for classification is not clear here because there are not significant differences in the frequency amo ...
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North Report

The North Report was a 2006 report evaluating reconstructions of the temperature record of the past two millennia, providing an overview of the state of the science and the implications for understanding of global warming. It was produced by a National Research Council committee, chaired by Gerald North, at the request of Representative Sherwood Boehlert as chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science.These reconstructions had been dubbed ""hockey stick graphs"" after the 1999 reconstruction by Mann, Bradley and Hughes (MBH99), which used the methodology of their 1998 reconstruction covering 600 years (MBH98). A graph based on MBH99 was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), and became a focus of the global warming controversy over the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was disputed by various contrarians, and in the politicisation of this hockey stick controversy the New York Times of 14 February 2005 hailed a paper by businessman Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick (MM05) as undermining the scientific consensus behind the Kyoto agreement. On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, wrote joint letters referring to issues raised by the Wall Street Journal article, and demanding that Mann, Bradley and Hughes provide full records on their data and methods, finances and careers, information about grants provided to the institutions they had worked for, and the exact computer codes used to generate their results. Boehlert said this was a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into something that should properly be under the jurisdiction of the Science Committee, and in November 2005 after Barton dismissed the offer of an independent investigation organised by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Boehlert requested the review, which became the North Report.The North Report went through a rigorous review process, and was published on 22 June 2006. It concluded ""with a high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries"", justified by consistent evidence from a wide variety of geographically diverse proxies, but ""Less confidence can be placed in large-scale surface temperature reconstructions for the period from 900 to 1600"". It broadly agreed with the basic findings of the original MBH studies, which subsequently been supported by other reconstructions and proxy records, while emphasising uncertainties over earlier periods. The principal component analysis methodology that McIntyre and McKitrick had contested had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended—but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results.
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