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Unit 12 - Global Warming - e
Unit 12 - Global Warming - e

... scenarios and climate models tested. Change so far is small enough that only those really paying attention have noticed; future change is expected to be much bigger. All projections show temperatures rising beyond the year 2100, which is not the end of time. ...
20090831_Analysis_Climate_Change_India
20090831_Analysis_Climate_Change_India

... breathing of the plants in Northern Hemisphere. Decreases in spring and summer, increases in fall and winter. ...
GLOBAL WARNING by Michael Le Page
GLOBAL WARNING by Michael Le Page

... Other, even nastier surprises might also lie in store. Paul Valdes at the University of Bristol, UK, points out that relatively small changes in Earth's state - orbital changes, shifting ocean currents, and so on have in the past produced abrupt climate changes. Some 5500 years ago, for instance, th ...
Global Warming--Milman et al.
Global Warming--Milman et al.

... Schmidt repeated his previous prediction that there is a 99% chance that 2016 will be the warmest year on record, with around 20% of the heat attributed to a strong El Niño climatic event. Last year is currently the warmest year on record, itself beating a landmark set in 2014. “It’s the long-term t ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • There is a robust linear relationship between local temperature increase and global mean temperature increase ...
Global_Temperature_Change_in_the_21st_Century
Global_Temperature_Change_in_the_21st_Century

... (reference model from Appendix II In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Houghton, J.T.,Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C.A. Johnson, ...
Crisis? What Crisis? - Sustainable Futures Institute
Crisis? What Crisis? - Sustainable Futures Institute

... (AMS) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) released statements supporting the scientific consensus, with the AAAS concluding "based on multiple lines of scientific evidence that global climate change caused by human activities is now underway...it is a growing threat to society.” Six committe ...
Sample Chapter - Brookings Institution
Sample Chapter - Brookings Institution

... and other gases in quantities that would shift the balance between the absorption and reflection of solar energy in a way that would risk overheating the planet. Shortly after Twain died in 1910, temperatures started to creep upward. At first, the warming effects of carbon dioxide were too small to ...
Perceptions of Climate Change
Perceptions of Climate Change

... of unusually mild winters is now much greater than it was in the period 1951-1980. But mild winters may not have much practical impact. So a return to one or two colder than average winters may affect the public's perception of climate change. On the other hand, the huge increase in the area with ex ...
Greenhouse Gases from Fossil Fuels and Their Impact on
Greenhouse Gases from Fossil Fuels and Their Impact on

... chlorofluorcarbons (mainly CF11 and CF12) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The effectiveness of these gases in warming the atmosphere is different: one molecule of CF-11 is 3400 times more effective than a molecule of CO2, one molecule of N2O, is 270 times more effective, and one molecule of CH4, is approxi ...
Background on Key Scientists Appearing in Climate Hustle
Background on Key Scientists Appearing in Climate Hustle

... Scientist Dr. John Theon - Former Chief of the Climate Processes Research Program at NASA Headquarters and former Chief of the Atmospheric Dynamics & Radiation Branch. Theon was elected a fellow of the American Meteorological Society, given the NASA Exceptional Performance Award twice and awarded th ...
Slide 1 - climateknowledge.org
Slide 1 - climateknowledge.org

... • Often it is stated in this discussion that gravity is only a theory. – True, and the theory of gravity is a very useful theory, one put forth by Newton. – True, we don’t exactly understand the true nature of the force of gravity, there are “why” questions. – Formally, Newton’s theory of gravity is ...
Class Slides
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... Key Points: CO2 Warming • CO2 levels are rising and will likely double by 2070. • The greenhouse relationship between higher CO2 levels and warmer temperatures is indisputable. • Even with perfect knowledge of future CO2 levels, there is significant uncertainty about how much warming would occur ...
Climate 3
Climate 3

... Warm water in the western Pacific causes low pressure and high rainfall; pressure system drives tradewinds from east to west; tradewinds drive warm water to the west; causing cold water to rise off South America and flow west. ...
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reef temperature wrangler for south florida national parks

... sites, fill data gaps, and report on trends at both a local and regional level. INTERNSHIP PROJECT BACKGROUND Climate change is expected to have an major impact on South Florida in the form of sea level rise, increased carbon dioxide concentrations, and rising sea surface temperatures. There is a st ...
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... this issue in detail and concluded: “There was no scientific consensus in the 1970s that the Earth was headed into an imminent ice age. Indeed the possibility of anthropogenic [human-caused] warming dominated the peer-reviewed literature even then.” ...
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Moist Enthalpy in the U.S.
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Moist Enthalpy in the U.S.

... the specific humidity. The H is the moist enthalpy or moist static energy (J kg-1). The Te is the surface equivalent temperature, which will better represent surface air heat content. The statistical significance of regional temporal trends and individual station trends were evaluated using an adjus ...
Lecture 5: Cold War Scientists and the Denial of Global Warming
Lecture 5: Cold War Scientists and the Denial of Global Warming

... If the evidence of global warming is scientific evidence (analysis of temperature records, simulation models, ice cores, CO2 measurements), and if scientists are still arguing about it, then how can it be factual? ...
Theoretical mechanism for natural radiative forcing of El Nino
Theoretical mechanism for natural radiative forcing of El Nino

... isotopes (standardized to have same mean and standard deviation as Nino3 composite series) ...
Climate impacts `overwhelming`
Climate impacts `overwhelming`

... IPCC Chairman Rajendra Pachauri said the findings in the report were "profound" ...
Distinguishing Good Science from Bad D. Duncan NAME
Distinguishing Good Science from Bad D. Duncan NAME

... Second, the total warming is distributed between the land and ocean surface on the one hand and the ocean deep water on the other. The total rise of ocean heat content has continued unabated, while the proportion of heat absorbed at the surface and in the deeper ocean varies over time. Again, in th ...
Slide 1 - climateknowledge.org
Slide 1 - climateknowledge.org

... But a lot goes into trees and oceans as well. So it is the excess CO2, the CO2 on the margin that comes from fossil fuel burning. Not all of this goes into the trees and oceans, and it accumulates in the atmosphere. • There are 8.6 Petagrams C per year emitted – 3.5 Pg C stay in atmosphere – 2.3 Pg ...
proxy climate indicators
proxy climate indicators

... • What does it mean if the last century is unprecedented in terms of warming? • Can we find evidence in the paleoclimate record for mechanisms or climate forcings that could be causing recent climate change? ...
Key notes of IPCC Report
Key notes of IPCC Report

... level from tide gauge (blue) and satellite (red) data and (c) Northern Hemisphere snow cover for March-April. All changes are relative to corresponding averages for the period 1961–1990. Smoothed curves represent decadal average values while circles show yearly values. The shaded areas are the uncer ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Gases like carbon dioxide selectively absorb longer wavelengths – reradiate to space and back to the surface • Without selective absorbers Earth is 5°F • With selective absorbers Earth is 64°F ...
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North Report

The North Report was a 2006 report evaluating reconstructions of the temperature record of the past two millennia, providing an overview of the state of the science and the implications for understanding of global warming. It was produced by a National Research Council committee, chaired by Gerald North, at the request of Representative Sherwood Boehlert as chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science.These reconstructions had been dubbed ""hockey stick graphs"" after the 1999 reconstruction by Mann, Bradley and Hughes (MBH99), which used the methodology of their 1998 reconstruction covering 600 years (MBH98). A graph based on MBH99 was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), and became a focus of the global warming controversy over the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was disputed by various contrarians, and in the politicisation of this hockey stick controversy the New York Times of 14 February 2005 hailed a paper by businessman Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick (MM05) as undermining the scientific consensus behind the Kyoto agreement. On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, wrote joint letters referring to issues raised by the Wall Street Journal article, and demanding that Mann, Bradley and Hughes provide full records on their data and methods, finances and careers, information about grants provided to the institutions they had worked for, and the exact computer codes used to generate their results. Boehlert said this was a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into something that should properly be under the jurisdiction of the Science Committee, and in November 2005 after Barton dismissed the offer of an independent investigation organised by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Boehlert requested the review, which became the North Report.The North Report went through a rigorous review process, and was published on 22 June 2006. It concluded ""with a high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries"", justified by consistent evidence from a wide variety of geographically diverse proxies, but ""Less confidence can be placed in large-scale surface temperature reconstructions for the period from 900 to 1600"". It broadly agreed with the basic findings of the original MBH studies, which subsequently been supported by other reconstructions and proxy records, while emphasising uncertainties over earlier periods. The principal component analysis methodology that McIntyre and McKitrick had contested had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended—but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results.
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