Phase-field model of self-polarization and cell movement
... equilibrium quantifiers such as (non-fluctuating) free energy changes or production of thermodynamic entropy. – Subtleties occur in equilibrium thermodynamics for small systems, such as the role of finite size for quantities like (possibly negative-valued) canonical heat capacitance in presence of stro ...
... equilibrium quantifiers such as (non-fluctuating) free energy changes or production of thermodynamic entropy. – Subtleties occur in equilibrium thermodynamics for small systems, such as the role of finite size for quantities like (possibly negative-valued) canonical heat capacitance in presence of stro ...
Quantum mechanical approaches to the virial S.LeBohec
... evolution of expectation values. Considering an observable A, the expectation value of this observable is denoted hAi = hφ(t)|A|φ(t)i when the considered system is in the quantum state |φ(t)i. The Ehrenfest theorem provides an expression for the time derivative of expectation values. In order to est ...
... evolution of expectation values. Considering an observable A, the expectation value of this observable is denoted hAi = hφ(t)|A|φ(t)i when the considered system is in the quantum state |φ(t)i. The Ehrenfest theorem provides an expression for the time derivative of expectation values. In order to est ...
Quantum Error Correction - Quantum Theory Group at CMU
... ⋆ The states |0i and |1i form an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space H of a single qubit, but H itself consists of more than |0i and |1i: it includes all linear combinations of these basis kets. In quantum mechanics it is the Hilbert space which is the “fundamental” mathematical structure, while ...
... ⋆ The states |0i and |1i form an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space H of a single qubit, but H itself consists of more than |0i and |1i: it includes all linear combinations of these basis kets. In quantum mechanics it is the Hilbert space which is the “fundamental” mathematical structure, while ...
Resonant Tunneling Between Quantum Hall Edge States
... predicted to vanish as a power law of temperature, due to the absence of long-lived singleparticle excitations in the incident electron gas [3]. Unfortunately, in real one-dimensional wires extraneous impurities away from the point contact will complicate matters, tending to backscatter and localize ...
... predicted to vanish as a power law of temperature, due to the absence of long-lived singleparticle excitations in the incident electron gas [3]. Unfortunately, in real one-dimensional wires extraneous impurities away from the point contact will complicate matters, tending to backscatter and localize ...
Contradiction of quantum mechanics with local hidden variables for
... to date have involved photon counting measurements, for which the results of the measurement, a photon present or not, are discrete and only microscopically different. Associated with such experiments are relatively low detection efficiencies, which currently make a test of Bell’s original inequalit ...
... to date have involved photon counting measurements, for which the results of the measurement, a photon present or not, are discrete and only microscopically different. Associated with such experiments are relatively low detection efficiencies, which currently make a test of Bell’s original inequalit ...
Randomness in (Quantum) Information Processing
... quantum information processing, especially in cryptography. The accent is on production of high-quality randomness (randomness extraction), efficient usage of randomness (design of applications consuming as little randomness as possible), and role of weak randomness in applications - in what applica ...
... quantum information processing, especially in cryptography. The accent is on production of high-quality randomness (randomness extraction), efficient usage of randomness (design of applications consuming as little randomness as possible), and role of weak randomness in applications - in what applica ...
Quantum teleportation
Quantum teleportation is a process by which quantum information (e.g. the exact state of an atom or photon) can be transmitted (exactly, in principle) from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and previously shared quantum entanglement between the sending and receiving location. Because it depends on classical communication, which can proceed no faster than the speed of light, it cannot be used for faster-than-light transport or communication of classical bits. It also cannot be used to make copies of a system, as this violates the no-cloning theorem. While it has proven possible to teleport one or more qubits of information between two (entangled) atoms, this has not yet been achieved between molecules or anything larger.Although the name is inspired by the teleportation commonly used in fiction, there is no relationship outside the name, because quantum teleportation concerns only the transfer of information. Quantum teleportation is not a form of transportation, but of communication; it provides a way of transporting a qubit from one location to another, without having to move a physical particle along with it.The seminal paper first expounding the idea was published by C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres and W. K. Wootters in 1993. Since then, quantum teleportation was first realized with single photons and later demonstrated with various material systems such as atoms, ions, electrons and superconducting circuits. The record distance for quantum teleportation is 143 km (89 mi).