Imaging electrostatically confined Dirac fermions in graphene
... wavefunction visualization or use metallic substrates that prevent electrostatic gating. Electron confinement in graphene has also been induced through high magnetic fields23 and supercritical impurities24 , but these methods are unwieldy for many technological applications. An alternative approach ...
... wavefunction visualization or use metallic substrates that prevent electrostatic gating. Electron confinement in graphene has also been induced through high magnetic fields23 and supercritical impurities24 , but these methods are unwieldy for many technological applications. An alternative approach ...
Modelling the Role of Charge in Atmospheric Particle
... does not mean a similar rise in temperature everywhere. Locally the average temperature may be unchanged, change by more than +4.8 ◦ C or even decrease by some amount - and on top of this figure comes the possible seasonal or monthly variation. While it is generally accepted that the consequences wi ...
... does not mean a similar rise in temperature everywhere. Locally the average temperature may be unchanged, change by more than +4.8 ◦ C or even decrease by some amount - and on top of this figure comes the possible seasonal or monthly variation. While it is generally accepted that the consequences wi ...
Towards a Tight Finite Key Analysis for BB84
... BB84 Type Protocol Alice encodes a random bit into a qubit in one of two bases, either X or Z, chosen at random. The X bits will be used to extract a key, while the Z are used to check security. She sends the qubit over a public channel to Bob, while the eavesdropper, Eve, may interfere as she wishe ...
... BB84 Type Protocol Alice encodes a random bit into a qubit in one of two bases, either X or Z, chosen at random. The X bits will be used to extract a key, while the Z are used to check security. She sends the qubit over a public channel to Bob, while the eavesdropper, Eve, may interfere as she wishe ...
Photoemission studies of quantum well states in thin films
... commensurate epitaxial relationship. However, more often than not, the interface is incommensurate or has a rather complex atomic arrangement. This can cause non-specular or umklapp re¯ections, resulting in damping of the wave function. How this affects the photoemission spectra is an interesting is ...
... commensurate epitaxial relationship. However, more often than not, the interface is incommensurate or has a rather complex atomic arrangement. This can cause non-specular or umklapp re¯ections, resulting in damping of the wave function. How this affects the photoemission spectra is an interesting is ...
Black Hole Entropy: From Shannon to Bekenstein
... forms of quantum mechanical modes of the states inside and outside the BH horizon (see also [9]). This directly yields the probabilities of individual ingoing modes being trapped inside the BH horizon, (which is indeed unity), or tunneling out of the BH horizon and escaping to infinity to be perceiv ...
... forms of quantum mechanical modes of the states inside and outside the BH horizon (see also [9]). This directly yields the probabilities of individual ingoing modes being trapped inside the BH horizon, (which is indeed unity), or tunneling out of the BH horizon and escaping to infinity to be perceiv ...
Quantum Structures
... relativistic formulations, to the concept of the Dirac sea of electrons, to a break between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics, to quantum field theory at a point, etc. We shall review the literature of the time showing what prominent physicists thought concerning these problems, as well as g ...
... relativistic formulations, to the concept of the Dirac sea of electrons, to a break between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics, to quantum field theory at a point, etc. We shall review the literature of the time showing what prominent physicists thought concerning these problems, as well as g ...
Quantum teleportation
Quantum teleportation is a process by which quantum information (e.g. the exact state of an atom or photon) can be transmitted (exactly, in principle) from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and previously shared quantum entanglement between the sending and receiving location. Because it depends on classical communication, which can proceed no faster than the speed of light, it cannot be used for faster-than-light transport or communication of classical bits. It also cannot be used to make copies of a system, as this violates the no-cloning theorem. While it has proven possible to teleport one or more qubits of information between two (entangled) atoms, this has not yet been achieved between molecules or anything larger.Although the name is inspired by the teleportation commonly used in fiction, there is no relationship outside the name, because quantum teleportation concerns only the transfer of information. Quantum teleportation is not a form of transportation, but of communication; it provides a way of transporting a qubit from one location to another, without having to move a physical particle along with it.The seminal paper first expounding the idea was published by C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres and W. K. Wootters in 1993. Since then, quantum teleportation was first realized with single photons and later demonstrated with various material systems such as atoms, ions, electrons and superconducting circuits. The record distance for quantum teleportation is 143 km (89 mi).