The Many Avatars of a Simple Algebra S. C. Coutinho The American
... 5 DIRAC. In the meantime, in Cambridge, Heisenberg mentioned his ideas on matrix mechanics at the end of his talk to the Kapitsa Club. One of the physicists present at the lecture was R. H. Fowler. In September 1925 Heisenberg sent the proofs of his paper to Fowler, who promptly handed them to his s ...
... 5 DIRAC. In the meantime, in Cambridge, Heisenberg mentioned his ideas on matrix mechanics at the end of his talk to the Kapitsa Club. One of the physicists present at the lecture was R. H. Fowler. In September 1925 Heisenberg sent the proofs of his paper to Fowler, who promptly handed them to his s ...
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... Imagine our elation when the number of dimensions came out as four (more precisely, as 4.02 ± 0.1). It was the first time anyone had ever derived the observed number of dimensions from first principles. To this day, putting causality back into quantum-gravitational models is the only known cure for ...
... Imagine our elation when the number of dimensions came out as four (more precisely, as 4.02 ± 0.1). It was the first time anyone had ever derived the observed number of dimensions from first principles. To this day, putting causality back into quantum-gravitational models is the only known cure for ...
Quantum Physics Physics
... in the satellites. Because we are closer to the center of the earth, the time moves more slowly on the earth. The last effect is greater, therefore the time goes more slowly on the earth than in the satellite. We have to use Einstein’s theory of relativity to adjust the time. If not, the GPS would g ...
... in the satellites. Because we are closer to the center of the earth, the time moves more slowly on the earth. The last effect is greater, therefore the time goes more slowly on the earth than in the satellite. We have to use Einstein’s theory of relativity to adjust the time. If not, the GPS would g ...
IMFUFA- Roskilde Universitetscenter- postbox 260
... The physical concept of a particle — a point with mass — is, semiotically speaking, an icon — a sign whose object is potential or virtual. The particle as the physical object the icon refers to has definite properties, but not necessarily existence. A virtual particle is just a possibility for excit ...
... The physical concept of a particle — a point with mass — is, semiotically speaking, an icon — a sign whose object is potential or virtual. The particle as the physical object the icon refers to has definite properties, but not necessarily existence. A virtual particle is just a possibility for excit ...
Phase-Space Dynamics of Semiclassical Spin
... relativistic particles [12] and for classical particles with spin [13]. We begin by developing the formalism for spinless carriers, in which the basic variable describing the state of the system is the single-particle distribution function fr; p; t, and the Hamiltonian is considered to be a functi ...
... relativistic particles [12] and for classical particles with spin [13]. We begin by developing the formalism for spinless carriers, in which the basic variable describing the state of the system is the single-particle distribution function fr; p; t, and the Hamiltonian is considered to be a functi ...
High Level Quantum Structures in Linguistics and
... and thus cannot be applied to all the propositions. Whenever m · q = ⊥ we say q cannot be applied to m. To represent these, we define a kernel for each action q ∈ Q as follows Ker(q) := {m ∈ M | m · q = ⊥}, This is the weakest proposition to which the action cannot be applied, that is Ker(q) = [q]⊥. ...
... and thus cannot be applied to all the propositions. Whenever m · q = ⊥ we say q cannot be applied to m. To represent these, we define a kernel for each action q ∈ Q as follows Ker(q) := {m ∈ M | m · q = ⊥}, This is the weakest proposition to which the action cannot be applied, that is Ker(q) = [q]⊥. ...
I. Bell`s Theorem (pdf file)
... The essential Bell Inequality is the general statement we can make about an ensemble of many objects that each can have three attributes, A, B, and C: N(A, not B) + N(B, not C) ≥ N(A, not C) Here’s the proof. Proof: The proof involves considering three conditions at once, such as N(A, not B,C ), “th ...
... The essential Bell Inequality is the general statement we can make about an ensemble of many objects that each can have three attributes, A, B, and C: N(A, not B) + N(B, not C) ≥ N(A, not C) Here’s the proof. Proof: The proof involves considering three conditions at once, such as N(A, not B,C ), “th ...
Nobel Lecture: One hundred years of light quanta*
... That was a suggestion that light itself might be discrete in nature, but hardly a conclusive one. To reach a stronger conclusion he turned to an examination of the photoelectric effect, which had first been observed in 1887 by Heinrich Hertz. Shining monochromatic light on metal surfaces drives elec ...
... That was a suggestion that light itself might be discrete in nature, but hardly a conclusive one. To reach a stronger conclusion he turned to an examination of the photoelectric effect, which had first been observed in 1887 by Heinrich Hertz. Shining monochromatic light on metal surfaces drives elec ...
Indistinguishable particles in quantum mechanics
... actually have an infinity of different mathematical descriptions for the same physical state. This is a consequence of the indistinguishability of particles and is known as exchange degeneracy. How can we then decide which of the above vectors is the correct description of our state, i.e. which one wi ...
... actually have an infinity of different mathematical descriptions for the same physical state. This is a consequence of the indistinguishability of particles and is known as exchange degeneracy. How can we then decide which of the above vectors is the correct description of our state, i.e. which one wi ...
Hong-Ou-Mandel interference mediated by the magnetic plasmon waves in a three-dimensional
... splitter (PBS). One beam irradiates the 3D optical metamaterial sample and excites the MPWs in it. At the other side of the sample, the MPWs reradiates as photons, which are collected by a single mode fiber. The other beam is directly collected by a single mode fiber. Then the two fibers are coupled ...
... splitter (PBS). One beam irradiates the 3D optical metamaterial sample and excites the MPWs in it. At the other side of the sample, the MPWs reradiates as photons, which are collected by a single mode fiber. The other beam is directly collected by a single mode fiber. Then the two fibers are coupled ...
PDF
... more strange behavior emerges when we move on to two (or more) qubits. The classical behavior of two correlated but random bits is easy to understand, and can be translated into a corresponding qubit situation. But two qubits may be entangled, a thoroughly non-classical behavior in which they exist ...
... more strange behavior emerges when we move on to two (or more) qubits. The classical behavior of two correlated but random bits is easy to understand, and can be translated into a corresponding qubit situation. But two qubits may be entangled, a thoroughly non-classical behavior in which they exist ...
Bell's theorem
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Bell's theorem is a ‘no-go theorem’ that draws an important distinction between quantum mechanics (QM) and the world as described by classical mechanics. This theorem is named after John Stewart Bell.In its simplest form, Bell's theorem states:Cornell solid-state physicist David Mermin has described the appraisals of the importance of Bell's theorem in the physics community as ranging from ""indifference"" to ""wild extravagance"". Lawrence Berkeley particle physicist Henry Stapp declared: ""Bell's theorem is the most profound discovery of science.""Bell's theorem rules out local hidden variables as a viable explanation of quantum mechanics (though it still leaves the door open for non-local hidden variables). Bell concluded:Bell summarized one of the least popular ways to address the theorem, superdeterminism, in a 1985 BBC Radio interview: