Electrokinetics in Micro Devices for Biotechnology Applications
... [55], [56]. On the other hand, the net charge of a DNA molecule can be described by counterion condensation theory [57]–[59]. A constant fraction of the molecule’s charge is neutralized by the counterions. Therefore, the DNA mobility is independent of the length at a given medium condition for large ...
... [55], [56]. On the other hand, the net charge of a DNA molecule can be described by counterion condensation theory [57]–[59]. A constant fraction of the molecule’s charge is neutralized by the counterions. Therefore, the DNA mobility is independent of the length at a given medium condition for large ...
NMR SPectroscopy
... As a result of this, the energy of these particles can only exist at discrete energies – we say these energy levels are quantized It is easy to understand if we visualize the “wave” property of matter as an oscillating string in a box—only certain “energy levels” can exist as the string is bound at ...
... As a result of this, the energy of these particles can only exist at discrete energies – we say these energy levels are quantized It is easy to understand if we visualize the “wave” property of matter as an oscillating string in a box—only certain “energy levels” can exist as the string is bound at ...
Table of Contents
... are constants yet to be determined. Both and are solutions to the differential equation as are any number of other choices for the values of and . For a given problem, if at a given time the position and the derivative of position are known, then a specific solution from the set of solutions represe ...
... are constants yet to be determined. Both and are solutions to the differential equation as are any number of other choices for the values of and . For a given problem, if at a given time the position and the derivative of position are known, then a specific solution from the set of solutions represe ...
Plasma Physics Applied, 2006: 73-110 ISBN: 81-7895-230-0
... Near the coma these tails are not distinct but overlap forming a dusty plasma. A complete analysis of certain dynamical features observed in comet tails thus requires application of dusty plasma physics. The importance of dust has long been known in astrophysics, as it is very common throughout the ...
... Near the coma these tails are not distinct but overlap forming a dusty plasma. A complete analysis of certain dynamical features observed in comet tails thus requires application of dusty plasma physics. The importance of dust has long been known in astrophysics, as it is very common throughout the ...
The inequality of charge and spin diffusion coefficients
... nanostructures, namely the Rashba and the Dresselhaus interactions. Reference 5 has considered this system within the framework of the drift-diffusion model and shown that there is a single time constant describing spin relaxation. In contrast, spin relaxation in a two-dimensional system 共quantum we ...
... nanostructures, namely the Rashba and the Dresselhaus interactions. Reference 5 has considered this system within the framework of the drift-diffusion model and shown that there is a single time constant describing spin relaxation. In contrast, spin relaxation in a two-dimensional system 共quantum we ...
The Schrödinger Wave Equation
... trapped by an attractive potential into what is known as a bound state, and those that apply for particles that are free to travel to infinity (and beyond), otherwise known as scattering states. A particle trapped in an infinitely deep potential well is an example of the former: the particle is conf ...
... trapped by an attractive potential into what is known as a bound state, and those that apply for particles that are free to travel to infinity (and beyond), otherwise known as scattering states. A particle trapped in an infinitely deep potential well is an example of the former: the particle is conf ...
A quantitative model of the planetary Na+ contribution to Mercury`s
... much larger at Mercury than at Earth, and the subsolar point lies fairly close to the planet’s surface, at about 1.4 RM (see, e.g. Fig. 2, introduced later). As for the electric field, a coupling process similar to that at Earth is expected to occur at Mercury, with reconnection of IMF and magnetosp ...
... much larger at Mercury than at Earth, and the subsolar point lies fairly close to the planet’s surface, at about 1.4 RM (see, e.g. Fig. 2, introduced later). As for the electric field, a coupling process similar to that at Earth is expected to occur at Mercury, with reconnection of IMF and magnetosp ...
Document
... and B are separated by a distance r. To determine the electric potential at the mid-point along a line between points A and B, which of the following mathematical approaches is correct? a) The electric potential due to each charge is determined at a distance r/2 from each of the charges and an avera ...
... and B are separated by a distance r. To determine the electric potential at the mid-point along a line between points A and B, which of the following mathematical approaches is correct? a) The electric potential due to each charge is determined at a distance r/2 from each of the charges and an avera ...
Anisotropic pyrochlores and the global phase diagram of the checkerboard... Oleg A. Starykh, Akira Furusaki, and Leon Balents
... 共power-law兲 orders coexist unconnected by microscopic symmetries. Unfortunately, these types of phenomenological methods do not give precise guidance as to the specific models in which such quantum orders appear, and attempts to find them in realistic microscopic Hamiltonians have met with at best l ...
... 共power-law兲 orders coexist unconnected by microscopic symmetries. Unfortunately, these types of phenomenological methods do not give precise guidance as to the specific models in which such quantum orders appear, and attempts to find them in realistic microscopic Hamiltonians have met with at best l ...
Momentum
... two and three dimensions. Indeed, not all of the problems we studied were limited to point masses, but the object’s size and shape were not relevant in the problem and so were not considered. For such objects we’ve learned how to describe and predict translational motion using Newton’s laws, some of ...
... two and three dimensions. Indeed, not all of the problems we studied were limited to point masses, but the object’s size and shape were not relevant in the problem and so were not considered. For such objects we’ve learned how to describe and predict translational motion using Newton’s laws, some of ...
Thesis - Institut für Physik
... but finite eigenvalues (quantum depletion) can be of importance. Hence also the MCTDHB(M ) method reaches its limits in form of computational time and memory even for single digit values of M on typical workstations because of the exponential growth of the Hilbert space. In order to overcome these l ...
... but finite eigenvalues (quantum depletion) can be of importance. Hence also the MCTDHB(M ) method reaches its limits in form of computational time and memory even for single digit values of M on typical workstations because of the exponential growth of the Hilbert space. In order to overcome these l ...
Electric Fields
... They are all caused by static electricity. Static electricity is due to electric charge that builds up on the surface of an insulator. The charge that has built up cannot easily flow away from the insulator, which is why it is called static electricity. ...
... They are all caused by static electricity. Static electricity is due to electric charge that builds up on the surface of an insulator. The charge that has built up cannot easily flow away from the insulator, which is why it is called static electricity. ...
Geometric Aspects and Neutral Excitations in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
... disorder. On the contrary, any small deviation from these integer filling factors creates particle or hole charge carriers that are localized by disorder, forming the plateau around these integer filling factors[6]. The presense of disorder is not necessary for the physics of the QHE, but is essenti ...
... disorder. On the contrary, any small deviation from these integer filling factors creates particle or hole charge carriers that are localized by disorder, forming the plateau around these integer filling factors[6]. The presense of disorder is not necessary for the physics of the QHE, but is essenti ...
Electromagnetism and Circular Motion in a Cyclotron
... control and accelerate the particles we need them to be charged, so we create ions. The cyclotron uses H- ions, which we make, give them an initial ‘push’ and then steer into the cyclotron. 2) Make it go very fast: A sling holds the stone it contains so that it is forced to go into a circular path. ...
... control and accelerate the particles we need them to be charged, so we create ions. The cyclotron uses H- ions, which we make, give them an initial ‘push’ and then steer into the cyclotron. 2) Make it go very fast: A sling holds the stone it contains so that it is forced to go into a circular path. ...
Presentation slides
... Use fancy math to simplify Hamiltonian to quantum rotor model “Count” to get two point correlation function analytically Fourier transform to give dynamical structure factor S(k, ω) Throughout we use units with ~ = kB = 1 ...
... Use fancy math to simplify Hamiltonian to quantum rotor model “Count” to get two point correlation function analytically Fourier transform to give dynamical structure factor S(k, ω) Throughout we use units with ~ = kB = 1 ...
chapter i - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... In plasma, since the electrons have smaller masses, they have higher thermal speeds than ions at the same temperature. As a result the electrons will migrate to the probe faster than the ions, causing the probe to collect the electrons at a higher rate. Eventually, this process causes the floating p ...
... In plasma, since the electrons have smaller masses, they have higher thermal speeds than ions at the same temperature. As a result the electrons will migrate to the probe faster than the ions, causing the probe to collect the electrons at a higher rate. Eventually, this process causes the floating p ...
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.