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Pharmaceutical suspension
Pharmaceutical suspension

... • Polysorbate 80 is most widely used surfactant both for parenteral and oral suspension formulation. • Polysorbate 80 is also adsorbed on drug particle and decreases its zeta potential. This effect of polysorbate80 stabilizes the suspension. • Polysorbate 80 stabilized suspensions through steric mec ...
Electronic structure of correlated electron systems
Electronic structure of correlated electron systems

... The intensity of each peak will be given by the overlap integral of the ground state H2 vibrational wave function with that of the vibrational eigenstates of the H2+ molecule. The lowest energy N-1 electron state will have a spectral weight of about 10% of the total which in a solid would mean a qua ...
BEC and Optical Lattices
BEC and Optical Lattices

... where strong interactions between the particles wash out most of the effects expected in a BEC the relatively weak two–particle interaction in dilute alkali gases allows the study of properties of BEC experimentally. Those experiments and the possibility of a theoretical description of weakly intera ...
Electro-magnetically controlled acoustic metamaterials with adaptive
Electro-magnetically controlled acoustic metamaterials with adaptive

... magnetoreological elastomers.18 In this application the elastic moduli of the elastomers are controlled by an applied magnetic field allowing adaptive tuning the resonance frequency of a vibration absorber. Recently, active magnetorheological fluids were proposed to be used for acoustic metamaterial ...
Hydrogen and the Central Force Problem
Hydrogen and the Central Force Problem

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Chemical freeze-out properties

... These extracted freeze-out parameters are found to be similar for an equivalent Nch  for both Cu+Cu and Au+Au systems  at both center-of-mass energies, 200 and 62.4 GeV. STAR Preliminary ...
Translational and rotational dynamics of a large buoyant sphere in
Translational and rotational dynamics of a large buoyant sphere in

The Weak Force: From Fermi to Feynman
The Weak Force: From Fermi to Feynman

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Abstraction as * file

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No Evidence for Particles

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connection between wave functions in the dirac and

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Exercises in Statistical Mechanics ====== [A] Ensemble Theory - classical gases

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Initial practice problems. + + - O O O 2m 5m What is the net force on

... 1998E1. The small sphere A in the diagram above has a charge of 120  C. The large sphere B1 is a thin shell of nonconducting material with a net charge that is uniformly distributed over its surface. Sphere B 1 has a mass of 0.025 kg, a radius of 0.05 m, and is suspended from an uncharged, noncond ...
Copyright c 2016 by Robert G. Littlejohn Physics 221A Fall 2016
Copyright c 2016 by Robert G. Littlejohn Physics 221A Fall 2016

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Diapositive 1 - indico in2p3

... of the International Linear Collider (ILC; see page 112), the envisaged successor to CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The latter has suffered delays; and is not likely to see its first useful collisions until 2009. Time to take stock. ...
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Detecting Non-Abelian Anyons by Charging Spectroscopy

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Colloids 2015 2016 students

Hydrogen Fusion: Light Nuclei and Theory of Fusion
Hydrogen Fusion: Light Nuclei and Theory of Fusion

... Hydrogen with mass number 3 is called tritium. The word “tritium” comes from the Greek word meaning “third.” The nucleus of tritium consists of one proton and two neutrons. Tritium rarely exists in nature, and is made only in the atmosphere by cosmic rays. This element decays into helium-3 by emitti ...
Modern Physics Notes
Modern Physics Notes

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Modern Physics - University of Colorado Boulder

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Angular momentum and magnetic moment

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Protons for Breakfast

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Quantization of Energy - New Age International

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Frequency dependence of metal

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Connected Particles

... Many of the examples involving moving objects have involved a resistive force. This is often due to friction. Friction depends on the roughness of the bodies touching and on the normal contact force. The roughness is characterised by the coefficient of friction, μ, and the frictional force is then F ...
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Elementary particle



In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.
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