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boldly going deeper into earth
boldly going deeper into earth

... Seismic tomographic images offer a window into the subduction of oceanic plates beneath Central and South America. In these slices of Earth’s interior, the blue zones depict fragments of ancient plates as they sink from the surface into the deep mantle, sometimes all the way to the core-mantle bound ...
Project #1: Inversion of multiple geophysical data for composition
Project #1: Inversion of multiple geophysical data for composition

... lithosphere (~ 60% of Earth’s surface) is a cornerstone of the plate tectonics paradigm. However, a complete physical model capable of explaining all geological and geophysical features related to the evolution of the oceanic upper mantle has still not been achieved. This project will combine novel ...
08WGC Chapter 02
08WGC Chapter 02

... creating debris that can cause continents to grow outward ...
Plate Tectonics Short Study Guide
Plate Tectonics Short Study Guide

... Earth’s landscape, including continental coastlines. Also, the tectonic processes involved in the formation and break up of Pangaea over 200 million years ago greatly changed Earth’s coastlines. Any such changes could make the fit of continents inexact. 29. About 200 million years ago, Wegener’s sup ...
Section 2 - kcpe-kcse
Section 2 - kcpe-kcse

... landforms and water systems. • About 70% of the surface of the Earth is made up of water and is called the hydrosphere. • About 30% of the surface of the Earth is land, including continents and islands. • The air we breathe is part of the Earth’s ...
Earth: The Living Planet
Earth: The Living Planet

... cooling causes the water to condense (return to the liquid state). It then falls as rain or snow. Some of this water will remain stored in glaciers as ice. Much of the water will be absorbed by plants, some will percolate deep into underground aquifers and the rest will flow over the land in rivers, ...
Plate Tectonics Review Sheet
Plate Tectonics Review Sheet

... I. Earth’s Interior Geologist have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth’s interior: Rock samples and Seismic waves Seismic waves – When earthquakes occur, they produce seismic waves. Geologists used the data from these waves to learn that the earth interior is made up of several laye ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

... magnetic field around the Earth. This is a complicated process and we have  discovered Earth’s ​ magnetic field sometimes reverses​  so at times in the past the  magnetic pole was not north but instead south.  ...
File
File

... decrease inside Earth from the crust to the core? ...
!GLG 101-Illustrated Vocabulary-Chapter 16 !Structure of the Earth
!GLG 101-Illustrated Vocabulary-Chapter 16 !Structure of the Earth

... !continental crust *a portion of the Earth's crust that is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. Consequently, this type of crust floats at a higher elevation and protrudes above sea level to form continents. !core *the innermost spherical structure of a planet; it is the densest material, prob ...
Plate Tectonics Review Sheet
Plate Tectonics Review Sheet

... I. Earth’s Interior Geologist have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth’s interior: Rock samples and Seismic waves Seismic waves – When earthquakes occur, they produce seismic waves. Geologists used the data from these waves to learn that the earth interior is made up of several laye ...
Summary on Chapter No.2 MAPS AND GLOBES - E
Summary on Chapter No.2 MAPS AND GLOBES - E

... A map is a visual representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads etc. In geography maps is one of the most important tools researchers, cartographers, students and others can use to examine the entire earth or a specific part of it. Maps are a way of showing a part ...
Powerpoint - Fort Bend ISD
Powerpoint - Fort Bend ISD

... • Magma comes up from inside the Earth, cools and hardens and creates new sea floor. • The rock at the mid-ocean ridge is the youngest and gets older as it moves farther away from the ridges. ...
Name: Block: ______ Structure of the Earth THE
Name: Block: ______ Structure of the Earth THE

... The crust is, on average, about 22 miles thick. The thickest part is thought to be about 40 miles thick, and the thinnest is only 3 miles thick (that part is at the bottom of the ocean). Here’s something to boggle your mind… If you were to somehow dig all the way through the crust, you would have on ...
handbook - Tinybop
handbook - Tinybop

... it meanders. As it floods and dries over the course of years, it alters the land through which it runs. When it floods, the force of the river erodes the land along its sides. When it dries, rocks and sediment are deposited in river beds. Through many cycles of flooding and drying, the shape of the ...
Chapter 3 section 1 2015
Chapter 3 section 1 2015

... scoured by running water, which moves rocks around and changes their appearance. • Erosion is the process in which the materials of the Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported form one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice or gravity. • Erosion w ...
Name: TRUE/FALSE please answer the following statements by
Name: TRUE/FALSE please answer the following statements by

... 3. ____What is one way that scientists know the outer core behaves like a liquid? a) S-waves do not travel through liquid, and they are unable to get through the core. b) Scientists have drilled to the core of the earth, and have seen the liquid properties. c) Scientists have not hypothesized about ...
Chapter Review - Oakman School News
Chapter Review - Oakman School News

... mid-ocean ridge, so oceanic lithosphere moves down toward the subduction zone because of gravity. Answers will vary. The amount of crust formed is roughly equal to the amount of crust destroyed globally. If this were not true, the Earth would either be expanding or shrinking. At the time they formed ...
Continental drift
Continental drift

... How Landforms Came to Be • The liquid outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements • Recent studies suggests that the innermost part of the core is enriched in gold and platinum while also containing nickel and pr ...
File
File

... -The distinction between the crust and mantle is primarily on the basis of a difference in chemistry/ composition (mineral content);the distinction between the lithosphere and asthenosphere is primarily on the basis of a difference in degree of physical rigidity ...
Earth`s Spheres
Earth`s Spheres

... of many layers as well, including the crust, asthenosphere, mantle, outer core, and inner core. ...
4 Tectonics and Geologic Processes
4 Tectonics and Geologic Processes

... Peninsula in Russia is the second deepest hole in the world, nearly 12,262 meters (7.6 miles) It was drilled with the intent of reaching the Moho, but as drilling cost increases with depth, it is unlikely to happen any time soon! ...
MOVEMENT OF EARTH’S CRUST
MOVEMENT OF EARTH’S CRUST

... The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The outer ...
Earth Layer Foldable
Earth Layer Foldable

... color the layer cut them out and glue them to the construction paper like the diagram that is given to them. Each main a layer (crust, mantel, inner core, and outer core) is broken up into several other layers. Student will examine each of the of the layer. Explain: One person from each group will c ...
Earth Science Common Core Curriculum Standards
Earth Science Common Core Curriculum Standards

... permit the investigation of intrusive structures and the interior of Earth. Connections between the minerals present within each type of rock and the environment formed are important. The processes and environmental conditions that lead to fossil fuel formation (Note: this links to the energy resour ...
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Spherical Earth



The concept of a spherical Earth dates back to around the 6th century BC, when it was mentioned in ancient Greek philosophy, but remained a matter of philosophical speculation until the 3rd century BC, when Hellenistic astronomy established the spherical shape of the earth as a physical given. The paradigm was gradually adopted throughout the Old World during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A practical demonstration of Earth's sphericity was achieved by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano's expedition's circumnavigation (1519−1522).The concept of a spherical Earth displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth: In early Mesopotamian mythology, the world was portrayed as a flat disk floating in the ocean and surrounded by a spherical sky, and this forms the premise for early world maps like those of Anaximander and Hecataeus of Miletus. Other speculations on the shape of Earth include a seven-layered ziggurat or cosmic mountain, alluded to in the Avesta and ancient Persian writings (see seven climes).The realization that the figure of the Earth is more accurately described as an ellipsoid dates to the 18th century (Maupertuis).In the early 19th century, the flattening of the earth ellipsoid was determined to be of the order of 1/300 (Delambre, Everest). The modern value as determined by the US DoD World Geodetic System since the 1960s is close to 1/298.25.
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