Cardiac diastolic function and hypercapnic ventilatory responses in central sleep apnoea
... the hallmark feature of both types of CSA, has previously been attributed to either increased pulmonary vagal afferent-nerve activity due to pulmonary hypertension [9, 11–14] or increased ventilatory responses to CO2 [5–8]. Subjects with CHF-CSA are thought to have both mechanisms operating [6–8, 14 ...
... the hallmark feature of both types of CSA, has previously been attributed to either increased pulmonary vagal afferent-nerve activity due to pulmonary hypertension [9, 11–14] or increased ventilatory responses to CO2 [5–8]. Subjects with CHF-CSA are thought to have both mechanisms operating [6–8, 14 ...
Cardiac Responses to Increased Afterload
... have also been used. Each index has certain advantages for specific applications. Milnor1* has strongly advocated the arterial impedance as the critical measure of ventricular afterload. The advantages of this criterion is that the impedance depends exclusively on the characteristics (i.e., resistan ...
... have also been used. Each index has certain advantages for specific applications. Milnor1* has strongly advocated the arterial impedance as the critical measure of ventricular afterload. The advantages of this criterion is that the impedance depends exclusively on the characteristics (i.e., resistan ...
AED Implementation Guide - CPR
... The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may require a physician’s prescription to purchase an AED. The role of the physician varies depending on the size and other characteristics of the program. The designated program coordinator should be responsible for day-to-day program implementation. The ...
... The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may require a physician’s prescription to purchase an AED. The role of the physician varies depending on the size and other characteristics of the program. The designated program coordinator should be responsible for day-to-day program implementation. The ...
Extrinsic Compression of the Left Coronary Ostium by the Pulmonary
... reduced coronary perfusion pressure gradient secondary to elevated right atrial pressures, or sometimes to painful distention of the pulmonary trunk.4 It may also occur secondary to coronary atherosclerotic narrowing. Left ventricular dysfunction is observed in about 20% of patients who have severe ...
... reduced coronary perfusion pressure gradient secondary to elevated right atrial pressures, or sometimes to painful distention of the pulmonary trunk.4 It may also occur secondary to coronary atherosclerotic narrowing. Left ventricular dysfunction is observed in about 20% of patients who have severe ...
Chapter 3
... – The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium (epicardium. (Figure 20.2a). • The serous pericardium is composed of a parietal layer and a visceral layer. – Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial cavity, a pot ...
... – The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium (epicardium. (Figure 20.2a). • The serous pericardium is composed of a parietal layer and a visceral layer. – Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial cavity, a pot ...
Preload
... Clinical - ↑ afterload High afterload – Hypertension, aortic obstruction (aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) Cardiac muscle hypertrophy reduces tension ↑ hypertrophy → ↓ compliance → ↑ EDP → may lead to Heart Failure Treatment – antihypertensives for hypertension; relieve obstruc ...
... Clinical - ↑ afterload High afterload – Hypertension, aortic obstruction (aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) Cardiac muscle hypertrophy reduces tension ↑ hypertrophy → ↓ compliance → ↑ EDP → may lead to Heart Failure Treatment – antihypertensives for hypertension; relieve obstruc ...
Induced Pressure Gradients Across Infundibular Zone of Right
... but if the genesis of such pressure gradients was to be investigated, an invariably successful method of producing them was desirable. The infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine at 10 /xg/min induced significant right ventricular outflow-tract pressure gradients in 10% of studies, but the magnitu ...
... but if the genesis of such pressure gradients was to be investigated, an invariably successful method of producing them was desirable. The infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine at 10 /xg/min induced significant right ventricular outflow-tract pressure gradients in 10% of studies, but the magnitu ...
Chapter 3
... – The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium (epicardium. (Figure 20.2a). • The serous pericardium is composed of a parietal layer and a visceral layer. – Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial cavity, a pot ...
... – The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium (epicardium. (Figure 20.2a). • The serous pericardium is composed of a parietal layer and a visceral layer. – Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial cavity, a pot ...
Table 1
... eliminates AF in many cases and emphasizes the importance of these triggers located in the muscular sleeves (3,4). Such sleeves are also present in the normal heart, and the reasons for the maintenance of triggering activity are largely unknown. Experimental studies have shown that parasympathetic s ...
... eliminates AF in many cases and emphasizes the importance of these triggers located in the muscular sleeves (3,4). Such sleeves are also present in the normal heart, and the reasons for the maintenance of triggering activity are largely unknown. Experimental studies have shown that parasympathetic s ...
Not just the powerhouse of the cell: emerging
... failure, topics that are reviewed by Bugger and Abel9 and Rosca and Hoppel,10 respectively. The molecular mechanisms underlying this mitochondrial dysfunction are described in detail for both diabetic animal models and diabetic patients. Remarkably, efficient mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation ...
... failure, topics that are reviewed by Bugger and Abel9 and Rosca and Hoppel,10 respectively. The molecular mechanisms underlying this mitochondrial dysfunction are described in detail for both diabetic animal models and diabetic patients. Remarkably, efficient mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... asymptomatic HIV infected patients have baseline ECG abnormalities like supraventricular and ventricular ectopics. Echocardiography is the only specific validated non invasive test for detecting left ventricular systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction in this population. It often reveals incr ...
... asymptomatic HIV infected patients have baseline ECG abnormalities like supraventricular and ventricular ectopics. Echocardiography is the only specific validated non invasive test for detecting left ventricular systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction in this population. It often reveals incr ...
Anomalies of Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
... z Partially anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) z Sinus venosus defect z Cor triatriatum z Pulmonary vein stenosis/atresia z ...
... z Partially anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) z Sinus venosus defect z Cor triatriatum z Pulmonary vein stenosis/atresia z ...
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensinogen Gene
... eart rate variability (HRV), defined as spontaneous fluctuations in sinus rate due to internal and H external body processes, is an indicator of risk for ...
... eart rate variability (HRV), defined as spontaneous fluctuations in sinus rate due to internal and H external body processes, is an indicator of risk for ...
HFA ESC Palliative Care Statement - escardio.org
... decline requiring increased utilization of hospital care, and a variety of supportive and palliative care strategies; and ultimately, a tertiary terminal phase of inexorable deterioration lasting for days or weeks (Table 1).11 Although many patients with advanced HF will already have survived life-t ...
... decline requiring increased utilization of hospital care, and a variety of supportive and palliative care strategies; and ultimately, a tertiary terminal phase of inexorable deterioration lasting for days or weeks (Table 1).11 Although many patients with advanced HF will already have survived life-t ...
Cardiac Motion Analysis to Improve Pacing Site Selection in CRT1
... risk of suboptimal benefits. Our techniques can extract useful wall motion information from ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and identify the candidate pacing sites with maximum contraction delay to assist pacemaker implantation in CRT. Key Words: Computer-aided diagnosis; cardiac resynchronizati ...
... risk of suboptimal benefits. Our techniques can extract useful wall motion information from ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and identify the candidate pacing sites with maximum contraction delay to assist pacemaker implantation in CRT. Key Words: Computer-aided diagnosis; cardiac resynchronizati ...
Update on myocarditis - Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
... • viral myocardits – simultaneous presence of histological evidence for myocardits and positive viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) • autoimmune myocarditis – which is described as a histological myocardits with negative viral PCR, with or without cardiac autoantibodies • viral and immune myocardi ...
... • viral myocardits – simultaneous presence of histological evidence for myocardits and positive viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) • autoimmune myocarditis – which is described as a histological myocardits with negative viral PCR, with or without cardiac autoantibodies • viral and immune myocardi ...
Cardiology
... artery in the fetus) carry oxygenated blood. The largest artery in the body is the aorta, which, as mentioned, carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It branches off from the heart and divides into many smaller arteries called arterioles, which adjust their diameter to increase or dec ...
... artery in the fetus) carry oxygenated blood. The largest artery in the body is the aorta, which, as mentioned, carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It branches off from the heart and divides into many smaller arteries called arterioles, which adjust their diameter to increase or dec ...
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm observed under total intravenous
... more often than usual. AIVR is also associated with higher vagal tone and lower sympathetic activity [13], and the AIVR related to sympathetic nerve block during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section was reported [14]. Propofol suppresses both sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, but the suppressi ...
... more often than usual. AIVR is also associated with higher vagal tone and lower sympathetic activity [13], and the AIVR related to sympathetic nerve block during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section was reported [14]. Propofol suppresses both sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, but the suppressi ...
Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (February 3, 2012
... contractility and diastolic stiffness. Increasingly anisotropic conduction velocity due to fibrosis ...
... contractility and diastolic stiffness. Increasingly anisotropic conduction velocity due to fibrosis ...
Ineffectiveness of Nitroglycerin as an Antiadrenergic Agent on the
... were made of the changes induced by adrenaline and 1-arterenol in heart rate, mean blood pressure, and T-wave height. Measurement of the changes in these indices WTIV also made following the injection of nitroglycerin together with each of these sympathomimetic amines. The changes induced by the ami ...
... were made of the changes induced by adrenaline and 1-arterenol in heart rate, mean blood pressure, and T-wave height. Measurement of the changes in these indices WTIV also made following the injection of nitroglycerin together with each of these sympathomimetic amines. The changes induced by the ami ...
Cardiac Biomechanics
... at the base. The crescentic right ventricle wraps about 180◦ degrees around the heart wall circumferentially and extends longitudinally about two-thirds of the distance from the base to the apex. Using a truncated ellipsoidal model, left ventricular geometry in the dog can be defined by the major an ...
... at the base. The crescentic right ventricle wraps about 180◦ degrees around the heart wall circumferentially and extends longitudinally about two-thirds of the distance from the base to the apex. Using a truncated ellipsoidal model, left ventricular geometry in the dog can be defined by the major an ...
Document
... continuous. Tachycardia refers to an abnormally fast resting heart rate (1). Tachycardia can be dangerous; depending on how hard the heart has to work. When the heart beats too rapidly, it pumps less efficiently and blood flow to the rest of the body, including the heart itself is reduced. The highe ...
... continuous. Tachycardia refers to an abnormally fast resting heart rate (1). Tachycardia can be dangerous; depending on how hard the heart has to work. When the heart beats too rapidly, it pumps less efficiently and blood flow to the rest of the body, including the heart itself is reduced. The highe ...
Historical Review Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm: History and
... AIVR occurs infrequently in patients without demonstrable heart disease and, in this case, it has a good prognosis. When AIVR presents in individuals with no structural heart disease, the mechanism involved is usually an increased vagal tone and decreased sympathetic tone [2], as observed in athlete ...
... AIVR occurs infrequently in patients without demonstrable heart disease and, in this case, it has a good prognosis. When AIVR presents in individuals with no structural heart disease, the mechanism involved is usually an increased vagal tone and decreased sympathetic tone [2], as observed in athlete ...
Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (January 22, 2016
... untwisting velocity. At sea level, rapid untwisting is associated with positive diastolic ...
... untwisting velocity. At sea level, rapid untwisting is associated with positive diastolic ...
Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (January 22, 2016
... untwisting velocity. At sea level, rapid untwisting is associated with positive diastolic ...
... untwisting velocity. At sea level, rapid untwisting is associated with positive diastolic ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.