Condensation in Buildings – Part 2
... The basic steady state models do not take into account factors considered by more complex transient calculations that model dynamic changes within the construction throughout the year at intervals as short as one hour, depending on availability of climate data. There are transient models that consid ...
... The basic steady state models do not take into account factors considered by more complex transient calculations that model dynamic changes within the construction throughout the year at intervals as short as one hour, depending on availability of climate data. There are transient models that consid ...
The Wainwright and the Portland Buildings:
... Wainwright. If we go back to our initial gross wall area takeoffs, we can see that the Wainwright has 76,720 s f . gross wall area and 117,800 s.f. floor area. This equals 0.65 square feet of surface area for every square foot of floor area. The Portland building has 109,200 s.f. gross wall areaand4 ...
... Wainwright. If we go back to our initial gross wall area takeoffs, we can see that the Wainwright has 76,720 s f . gross wall area and 117,800 s.f. floor area. This equals 0.65 square feet of surface area for every square foot of floor area. The Portland building has 109,200 s.f. gross wall areaand4 ...
Thermodynamics of the one-dimensional half-filled
... ion-level energy as being null (E f ⫽0), in the line of Lieb6 and de Vries,10 thus assuming the so-called symmetrical case which measures the energies of electrons and ions from of the same origin. Dealing with the minimum number of parameters (t and U only兲 we can establish the thermodynamic proper ...
... ion-level energy as being null (E f ⫽0), in the line of Lieb6 and de Vries,10 thus assuming the so-called symmetrical case which measures the energies of electrons and ions from of the same origin. Dealing with the minimum number of parameters (t and U only兲 we can establish the thermodynamic proper ...
Equations of State Ideal Gas
... • When is the ideal gas assumption viable? – for a low density gas where: ∗ the gas particles take up negligible volume ∗ the intermolecular potential energy between particles is small ∗ particles act independent of one another – Under what conditions can it be used? ∗ low density ∗ high temperature ...
... • When is the ideal gas assumption viable? – for a low density gas where: ∗ the gas particles take up negligible volume ∗ the intermolecular potential energy between particles is small ∗ particles act independent of one another – Under what conditions can it be used? ∗ low density ∗ high temperature ...
experimental performance analysis of triple tube heat exchanger
... heat exchanger as compared to double tube heat exchanger. To enhance the effectiveness dimples have been made on the middle tube. The fluid used is water. Hot water will flow through the middle annular space while cold fluid will flow through the inner tube and outer annular space. The study is carr ...
... heat exchanger as compared to double tube heat exchanger. To enhance the effectiveness dimples have been made on the middle tube. The fluid used is water. Hot water will flow through the middle annular space while cold fluid will flow through the inner tube and outer annular space. The study is carr ...
Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Tube Twisted with Swirl
... which vary in twist ratio and rotation angle. Space ratio also has an important effect on the characteristics. For Comparison, experiments in a smooth circular tube and a convergingdiverging (CD) tube without twisted-tapes were carried out. The results show that the twistedtape with twist ratio y=4. ...
... which vary in twist ratio and rotation angle. Space ratio also has an important effect on the characteristics. For Comparison, experiments in a smooth circular tube and a convergingdiverging (CD) tube without twisted-tapes were carried out. The results show that the twistedtape with twist ratio y=4. ...
Metal foams as compact high performance heat
... Open-cell metal foams with an average cell diameter of 2.3 mm were manufactured from 6101-T6 aluminum alloy and were compressed and fashioned into compact heat exchangers measuring 40.0 mm · 40.0 mm · 2.0 mm high, possessing a surface area to volume ratio on the order of 10,000 m2 /m3 . They were pl ...
... Open-cell metal foams with an average cell diameter of 2.3 mm were manufactured from 6101-T6 aluminum alloy and were compressed and fashioned into compact heat exchangers measuring 40.0 mm · 40.0 mm · 2.0 mm high, possessing a surface area to volume ratio on the order of 10,000 m2 /m3 . They were pl ...
Heat transfer across metal-dielectric interfaces during ultrafast
... the TTR signals can be caused by different laser fluences and thus the maximum temperature reached in the film. Absorption in metal, multiple reflections between the metal surface and the Au–Si interface, and possible deviations of the properties of thin films from those of bulk can all contribute t ...
... the TTR signals can be caused by different laser fluences and thus the maximum temperature reached in the film. Absorption in metal, multiple reflections between the metal surface and the Au–Si interface, and possible deviations of the properties of thin films from those of bulk can all contribute t ...
Review of biomaterial thermal property
... zone. At temperatures below Teut the concentrated liquid will undergo eutectic solidification. It is noted that the temperatures described here are based on conditions when supercooling does not occur. Due to the fact that a solute concentration gradient forms between frozen and unfrozen regions in a ...
... zone. At temperatures below Teut the concentrated liquid will undergo eutectic solidification. It is noted that the temperatures described here are based on conditions when supercooling does not occur. Due to the fact that a solute concentration gradient forms between frozen and unfrozen regions in a ...
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS
... Therefore, we must rely on experimental results and empirical relations for most fluid flow problems rather than closed-form analytical solutions. For a fixed surface area, the circular tube gives the most heat transfer for the least pressure drop. Circular pipes can withstand large pressure differe ...
... Therefore, we must rely on experimental results and empirical relations for most fluid flow problems rather than closed-form analytical solutions. For a fixed surface area, the circular tube gives the most heat transfer for the least pressure drop. Circular pipes can withstand large pressure differe ...
Temperature 2008
... according to our sense of touch, are qualitative, subjective and inconsistent. They are unreliable for scientific work because they depend on contrast. Temperature, is a measure of the degree of hotness (or coldness) expressed in terms of some arbitrary or absolute scale to indicate the direction in ...
... according to our sense of touch, are qualitative, subjective and inconsistent. They are unreliable for scientific work because they depend on contrast. Temperature, is a measure of the degree of hotness (or coldness) expressed in terms of some arbitrary or absolute scale to indicate the direction in ...
thermal conduction, finite difference method and
... Simulation 3 Conduction through a composite wall tp_rod_13.m Energy flow calculations often involve composite walls that are composed of more than one material. For insulation purposes, these composite walls have a layer of a material with low thermal conductivity. We will consider a specific examp ...
... Simulation 3 Conduction through a composite wall tp_rod_13.m Energy flow calculations often involve composite walls that are composed of more than one material. For insulation purposes, these composite walls have a layer of a material with low thermal conductivity. We will consider a specific examp ...
heat and temperature
... It is this circumstance which is taken advantage of in order to make a thermometer, making the value of the magnitude used, called thermometric, coincides with the corresponding temperature. In this way, in the familiar mercury thermometer the height of the column of mercury is made to correspond to ...
... It is this circumstance which is taken advantage of in order to make a thermometer, making the value of the magnitude used, called thermometric, coincides with the corresponding temperature. In this way, in the familiar mercury thermometer the height of the column of mercury is made to correspond to ...
A Device for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Molten Salt Nitrates
... the design of CSP systems. Currently, there are two types of systems in practice used to capture energy from the Sun’s rays and transfer it to electric power for consumer use. The first type, known as parabolic troughs, consist of an array of long, curved reflectors which focus inbound light onto a ...
... the design of CSP systems. Currently, there are two types of systems in practice used to capture energy from the Sun’s rays and transfer it to electric power for consumer use. The first type, known as parabolic troughs, consist of an array of long, curved reflectors which focus inbound light onto a ...
International Journal of Food Engineering
... procedures. Previous studies which used conduction mode as the only heat transfer mechanism pointed to the CZ being the geometrical centre. For a vertically placed cylindrical can in a retort device, CZ or the coldest point (CP) is located right at the centre of the central axis. When the fluid flow ...
... procedures. Previous studies which used conduction mode as the only heat transfer mechanism pointed to the CZ being the geometrical centre. For a vertically placed cylindrical can in a retort device, CZ or the coldest point (CP) is located right at the centre of the central axis. When the fluid flow ...
Chapter 20
... it is important to know that the heat | Q H | is taken out of the hot reservoir by the engine, where as the heat | Q C | is dumped into the cold reservoir by the engine, and finally the work |W | is done by the engine. Thus from the point of view of the working substance of the engine, Q H should be ...
... it is important to know that the heat | Q H | is taken out of the hot reservoir by the engine, where as the heat | Q C | is dumped into the cold reservoir by the engine, and finally the work |W | is done by the engine. Thus from the point of view of the working substance of the engine, Q H should be ...
Chapter 2. Entropy and Temperature
... Kittel & Kroemer refer to the set of all states of the combined system for a given s1 and s2 as a configuration. Thus we are interested in determining the emost probable configuration of the system. We will denote the most probable values for any quantity with a caret accent — hence s1 , s2 , etc ...
... Kittel & Kroemer refer to the set of all states of the combined system for a given s1 and s2 as a configuration. Thus we are interested in determining the emost probable configuration of the system. We will denote the most probable values for any quantity with a caret accent — hence s1 , s2 , etc ...
Lecture 3: FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
... Calculate the final temperature when cold ice is dropped into hot water. Proceed by assuming a series of processes in which the energy goes into some unspecified storage reservoir The water cools to 0◦ . The ice warms to 0◦ . The ice melts. Finally, the sum of these energies is put back into the sys ...
... Calculate the final temperature when cold ice is dropped into hot water. Proceed by assuming a series of processes in which the energy goes into some unspecified storage reservoir The water cools to 0◦ . The ice warms to 0◦ . The ice melts. Finally, the sum of these energies is put back into the sys ...
Notes on Continental Lithosphere
... Thermally: Thermal boundary layer is sometimes called “lithosphere”. Because the thermal boundary layer is not convecting, this often comes close to the petrologic definition if maintained over a long time. It is defined as where you go from a conductive to a convective (adiabatic) geotherm. Mechani ...
... Thermally: Thermal boundary layer is sometimes called “lithosphere”. Because the thermal boundary layer is not convecting, this often comes close to the petrologic definition if maintained over a long time. It is defined as where you go from a conductive to a convective (adiabatic) geotherm. Mechani ...
Modeling and CFD Analysis of Tube in Tube Helical Coil Heat
... opposite ends. It can be arranged in a lot of series and parallel configurations to meet the different heat transfer requirements. Heat transfer in helical coils are higher than as compared to straight coils. Because of its compact size, higher film coefficient, They are widely used in industrial ap ...
... opposite ends. It can be arranged in a lot of series and parallel configurations to meet the different heat transfer requirements. Heat transfer in helical coils are higher than as compared to straight coils. Because of its compact size, higher film coefficient, They are widely used in industrial ap ...
Provedení, principy činnosti a základy výpočtu pro výměníky tepla
... During phase changes (evaporation, condensation, melting,…) both temperature T and pressure p remain constant. Only specific volume varies and the enthalpy/entropy changes depend upon only one state variable (for example temperature). These functions are tabulated (e.g. h-enthalpy of evaporation) a ...
... During phase changes (evaporation, condensation, melting,…) both temperature T and pressure p remain constant. Only specific volume varies and the enthalpy/entropy changes depend upon only one state variable (for example temperature). These functions are tabulated (e.g. h-enthalpy of evaporation) a ...
Plate driving forces
... 1 Linear velocity profiles used to model the core flow in a conv0 = u0 b l. The areas under the triangles are equal to conserve fluid. ...
... 1 Linear velocity profiles used to model the core flow in a conv0 = u0 b l. The areas under the triangles are equal to conserve fluid. ...