On the influence of the asthenospheric flow on the tectonics and
... collision-subduction system characterized by along-strike differential slab kinematics constrained by the wealth of observations from southeast Asia through self-consistent high-resolution 3D numerical thermo-mechanical modelling. We use the numerical model I3ELVIS to solve the 3D momentum, continui ...
... collision-subduction system characterized by along-strike differential slab kinematics constrained by the wealth of observations from southeast Asia through self-consistent high-resolution 3D numerical thermo-mechanical modelling. We use the numerical model I3ELVIS to solve the 3D momentum, continui ...
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
... A notable bathymetric feature offshore southern Mexico is the Tehuantepec ridge (TR), which is a relic fracture zone [Woodcock, 1975] (Figure 1) that appears as a bathymetric low with at least 2 km of sediment fill in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (Figure 1d, yellow star) [Ross and Shor, 1965]. A chain of ...
... A notable bathymetric feature offshore southern Mexico is the Tehuantepec ridge (TR), which is a relic fracture zone [Woodcock, 1975] (Figure 1) that appears as a bathymetric low with at least 2 km of sediment fill in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (Figure 1d, yellow star) [Ross and Shor, 1965]. A chain of ...
GEOL100 4-5-10 Historical Geology of North America
... of the Farallon Plate. As a result of this transformation, large regions of western North America, which had been compressed for over 100 m.y. by the shallowly subducting Farallon slab were suddenly released from compression and "relaxed," widening to nearly twice their original width. This region i ...
... of the Farallon Plate. As a result of this transformation, large regions of western North America, which had been compressed for over 100 m.y. by the shallowly subducting Farallon slab were suddenly released from compression and "relaxed," widening to nearly twice their original width. This region i ...
Chapter 11 SEDIMENTARY BASINS
... tectonic and sedimentary processes: These basins have no apparent connection with plate tectonics. They are thought to reflect very slow thermal subsidence (for times of the order of a hundred million years) after a heating event under the continental lithosphere. But the reasons for depression bel ...
... tectonic and sedimentary processes: These basins have no apparent connection with plate tectonics. They are thought to reflect very slow thermal subsidence (for times of the order of a hundred million years) after a heating event under the continental lithosphere. But the reasons for depression bel ...
The Origin of Alkaline Lavas
... potassium and sodium—are commonly found in the interiors of tectonic plates, both on continents and on islands in ocean basins. Melting of metasomatic materials in the mantle lithosphere has long been conjectured to be the main source of these magmas (1, 2), but this has not been successfully simula ...
... potassium and sodium—are commonly found in the interiors of tectonic plates, both on continents and on islands in ocean basins. Melting of metasomatic materials in the mantle lithosphere has long been conjectured to be the main source of these magmas (1, 2), but this has not been successfully simula ...
Feedback between mountain belt growth and plate convergence
... driven by the pattern of convection in the Earth’s mantle, the details of that link remain obscure. Bouyancy forces associated with subduction of cool, dense lithosphere at zones of plate convergence are thought to provide significant driving force, but the relative magnitudes of other driving and r ...
... driven by the pattern of convection in the Earth’s mantle, the details of that link remain obscure. Bouyancy forces associated with subduction of cool, dense lithosphere at zones of plate convergence are thought to provide significant driving force, but the relative magnitudes of other driving and r ...
Why is our earth unstable?
... What is the structure of the earth? Our earth can be divided into _______ three layers. From the surface to the centre, they are: ...
... What is the structure of the earth? Our earth can be divided into _______ three layers. From the surface to the centre, they are: ...
Gravitational constraints Gravity anomalies
... of the Pacific plate • Note: there are two effects here (1) the flexure due to the island load, and (2) the bulge due to mantle upwelling ...
... of the Pacific plate • Note: there are two effects here (1) the flexure due to the island load, and (2) the bulge due to mantle upwelling ...
chapter 3 – answers to questions in text
... 5. Radiometric dating reveals the oldest oceanic crust is less than 180 million years old, whereas the oldest continental crust is 3.96 billion years old. The ocean basins are recent geologic features. Figure 3.12 Age of the World’s Ocean Basins 6. Plate tectonic theory is based on the simple model ...
... 5. Radiometric dating reveals the oldest oceanic crust is less than 180 million years old, whereas the oldest continental crust is 3.96 billion years old. The ocean basins are recent geologic features. Figure 3.12 Age of the World’s Ocean Basins 6. Plate tectonic theory is based on the simple model ...
Styles of post-subduction collisional orogeny: Influence of
... diffusive-marker-in-cell technique (Gerya and Yuen, 2003a). Our large scale 4000 × 670 km model includes upper mantle and assumes a spontaneously bending oceanic slab subducting at a prescribed convergence rate for around 1000 km, after which it is allowed to move freely underneath a continental upp ...
... diffusive-marker-in-cell technique (Gerya and Yuen, 2003a). Our large scale 4000 × 670 km model includes upper mantle and assumes a spontaneously bending oceanic slab subducting at a prescribed convergence rate for around 1000 km, after which it is allowed to move freely underneath a continental upp ...
- Wiley Online Library
... may recover during future earthquakes in the subduction zone. Using a two-dimensional viscoelastoplastic finite element model, we investigate here how the cyclic trench coupling leads to long-term mountain building, which has been concentrated in the Subandes in the past few million years. Our resul ...
... may recover during future earthquakes in the subduction zone. Using a two-dimensional viscoelastoplastic finite element model, we investigate here how the cyclic trench coupling leads to long-term mountain building, which has been concentrated in the Subandes in the past few million years. Our resul ...
Numerical comparison of different convergent plate contacts
... low shear strength is a critical mechanical property of plate contacts (Tackley 2000). The effective friction at a subduction zone has a first order control on plate boundary topography and the plate-like motion (Zhong et al. 1998). In the most simple representation the plate contact is a single fau ...
... low shear strength is a critical mechanical property of plate contacts (Tackley 2000). The effective friction at a subduction zone has a first order control on plate boundary topography and the plate-like motion (Zhong et al. 1998). In the most simple representation the plate contact is a single fau ...
Numerical comparison of different convergent plate contacts
... low shear strength is a critical mechanical property of plate contacts (Tackley 2000). The effective friction at a subduction zone has a first order control on plate boundary topography and the plate-like motion (Zhong et al. 1998). In the most simple representation the plate contact is a single fau ...
... low shear strength is a critical mechanical property of plate contacts (Tackley 2000). The effective friction at a subduction zone has a first order control on plate boundary topography and the plate-like motion (Zhong et al. 1998). In the most simple representation the plate contact is a single fau ...
Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with
... previously claimed. The magmas erupted for 15 m.y. in some places, probably near the intersections between back-arc spreading centers and the arc. (5) As the Pacific crust reached greater depths and the oceanic basins cooled and thickened at ∼44–45 Ma, the composition of the lavas evolved into high- ...
... previously claimed. The magmas erupted for 15 m.y. in some places, probably near the intersections between back-arc spreading centers and the arc. (5) As the Pacific crust reached greater depths and the oceanic basins cooled and thickened at ∼44–45 Ma, the composition of the lavas evolved into high- ...
Density structure and geometry of the Costa Rican subduction zone
... of the slab geometry in Costa Rica is presented based on 3D density modeling of combined satellite and surface gravity data, constrained by available geophysical and geological data and seismological information obtained from local networks. The results show the continuation of steep subduction geom ...
... of the slab geometry in Costa Rica is presented based on 3D density modeling of combined satellite and surface gravity data, constrained by available geophysical and geological data and seismological information obtained from local networks. The results show the continuation of steep subduction geom ...
1.4b
... arc (Aleutian Islands) is folded up Ocean trench (Aleutian Trench) Sediment and Pacific Plate North American Plate sedimentary rock Subducted plate Magma currents converge melts into magma ...
... arc (Aleutian Islands) is folded up Ocean trench (Aleutian Trench) Sediment and Pacific Plate North American Plate sedimentary rock Subducted plate Magma currents converge melts into magma ...
- Wiley Online Library
... et al., 2014]. The locked plus transition zone width increases again in northern California [Gomberg et al., 2010; Schmalzle et al., 2014] accompanied by high seismicity in both upper and lower plates, in contrast to forearc seismicity beneath Oregon [McCrory et al., 2012]. The plate here is substan ...
... et al., 2014]. The locked plus transition zone width increases again in northern California [Gomberg et al., 2010; Schmalzle et al., 2014] accompanied by high seismicity in both upper and lower plates, in contrast to forearc seismicity beneath Oregon [McCrory et al., 2012]. The plate here is substan ...
2014-Wannamaker-Casc.. - University of Alberta
... et al., 2014]. The locked plus transition zone width increases again in northern California [Gomberg et al., 2010; Schmalzle et al., 2014] accompanied by high seismicity in both upper and lower plates, in contrast to forearc seismicity beneath Oregon [McCrory et al., 2012]. The plate here is substan ...
... et al., 2014]. The locked plus transition zone width increases again in northern California [Gomberg et al., 2010; Schmalzle et al., 2014] accompanied by high seismicity in both upper and lower plates, in contrast to forearc seismicity beneath Oregon [McCrory et al., 2012]. The plate here is substan ...
Local earthquake tomography of central Costa Rica
... the central Costa Rica Deformation Belt represents a deep crustal transition zone extending from the surface down to 40 km depth. This transition zone indicates the lateral termination of the active part of the volcanic chain and seems to be related to the changing structure of the incoming plate as ...
... the central Costa Rica Deformation Belt represents a deep crustal transition zone extending from the surface down to 40 km depth. This transition zone indicates the lateral termination of the active part of the volcanic chain and seems to be related to the changing structure of the incoming plate as ...
Evidence for eastward mantle flow beneath the Caribbean plate
... Jiménez-Munt et al., 2001]. Russo and Silver [1994] proposed that mantle flow beneath the subducted Nazca slab is parallel to the trench and symmetrically diverted around South America beneath the Caribbean and Scotia plates. This would imply a predominantly east-directed mantle flow beneath these ...
... Jiménez-Munt et al., 2001]. Russo and Silver [1994] proposed that mantle flow beneath the subducted Nazca slab is parallel to the trench and symmetrically diverted around South America beneath the Caribbean and Scotia plates. This would imply a predominantly east-directed mantle flow beneath these ...
Chapter 2 - College Test bank - get test bank and solution manual
... How could scientists ignore the overwhelming evidence that the continents could move over the face of the Earth? 4. Demonstrate the relationship between hot spots and surface volcanic chains with a piece of paper and a lighted match. As you move the paper over the match, a burn trace is left with th ...
... How could scientists ignore the overwhelming evidence that the continents could move over the face of the Earth? 4. Demonstrate the relationship between hot spots and surface volcanic chains with a piece of paper and a lighted match. As you move the paper over the match, a burn trace is left with th ...
1st Sem (unit I)
... It is divided into two sections: the upper mantle and the Lower mantle. These are separated by another boundary, called Repetti discontinuity, after which the rocks of the mantle become soft and pliable due to pressure and heat. The upper portion of the mantle is called asthenosphere. It is the main ...
... It is divided into two sections: the upper mantle and the Lower mantle. These are separated by another boundary, called Repetti discontinuity, after which the rocks of the mantle become soft and pliable due to pressure and heat. The upper portion of the mantle is called asthenosphere. It is the main ...
Oceanography Chapter 12
... multiple skeletal and shell remains compressed together. These dense pellets sink quickly and the decomposition process begins. ...
... multiple skeletal and shell remains compressed together. These dense pellets sink quickly and the decomposition process begins. ...
mymaster - DUO
... scientist Isaac Newton was the first to deal with this subject. Through his studies of planets and the force of gravity he concluded that the average density of the Earth is more than twice the density of the rocks near the surface and that made him realize that the interior of the Earth is composed ...
... scientist Isaac Newton was the first to deal with this subject. Through his studies of planets and the force of gravity he concluded that the average density of the Earth is more than twice the density of the rocks near the surface and that made him realize that the interior of the Earth is composed ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.