Slide 1
... Convergent Boundary • plates moving toward each other – Subduction Boundary • one plate moves under the other – ocean-ocean » deep sea trenches » island arcs – ocean-continent » coastal volcanoes – Collision Boundary • plates push against each other form mtns – continent-continent » Himalays Update ...
... Convergent Boundary • plates moving toward each other – Subduction Boundary • one plate moves under the other – ocean-ocean » deep sea trenches » island arcs – ocean-continent » coastal volcanoes – Collision Boundary • plates push against each other form mtns – continent-continent » Himalays Update ...
Plate Tectonics
... doing, it is often possible to develop an even more general and simpler view that not only solves the immediate problem but solves what were thought to be unrelated problems. This is the opposite from ad hoc modifications to the original hypothesis, modifications that do not make the hypothesis more ...
... doing, it is often possible to develop an even more general and simpler view that not only solves the immediate problem but solves what were thought to be unrelated problems. This is the opposite from ad hoc modifications to the original hypothesis, modifications that do not make the hypothesis more ...
Earthquakes - California State University, Northridge
... Earthquakes create waves just like waves of water moving across the ocean and waves of air moving across a field of wheat. • Consider what happens when a drop of rain hits a pond of water. The drop disturbs the flat surface of the water and creates waves that travel outward in all directions from th ...
... Earthquakes create waves just like waves of water moving across the ocean and waves of air moving across a field of wheat. • Consider what happens when a drop of rain hits a pond of water. The drop disturbs the flat surface of the water and creates waves that travel outward in all directions from th ...
Introduction to Oceanography 112
... The exact pattern of motion in the mantle isn’t well-defined yet. However there is little disagreement that it moves very slowly in some way. The motion is thought to be convective. Convection is vertical motion (motion against gravity) driven by differences in temperature where hot material lies be ...
... The exact pattern of motion in the mantle isn’t well-defined yet. However there is little disagreement that it moves very slowly in some way. The motion is thought to be convective. Convection is vertical motion (motion against gravity) driven by differences in temperature where hot material lies be ...
Earth Science Chapter 9 Section 2 Review
... 3. In the plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere is divided into ____. a. 100 major plates b. 7 major plates and many smaller plates c. many small plates, but no large plates d. 50 major plates and many smaller plates ...
... 3. In the plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere is divided into ____. a. 100 major plates b. 7 major plates and many smaller plates c. many small plates, but no large plates d. 50 major plates and many smaller plates ...
Mantle Flow at a Subduction
... Mantle Flow at a Subduction-Transfrom Plate Boundary Margarete Jadamec and Magali Billen, Dept. of Geology, Univ. of California, Davis Using high-resolution, instantaneous 3D viscous deformation models run with CitcomCU, we constrain how Neogene deformation in southern Alaska is linked to the subduc ...
... Mantle Flow at a Subduction-Transfrom Plate Boundary Margarete Jadamec and Magali Billen, Dept. of Geology, Univ. of California, Davis Using high-resolution, instantaneous 3D viscous deformation models run with CitcomCU, we constrain how Neogene deformation in southern Alaska is linked to the subduc ...
Origin of the Newberry Hotspot Track: Evidence from
... mantle plumes are often called upon to explain hotspot tracks, the Newberry track cannot be the direct product of plate motion over a stationary mantle source as its orientation is ∼120° to plate motion, making it a good case study for alternative causal mechanisms of hotspot tracks. Four end-member ...
... mantle plumes are often called upon to explain hotspot tracks, the Newberry track cannot be the direct product of plate motion over a stationary mantle source as its orientation is ∼120° to plate motion, making it a good case study for alternative causal mechanisms of hotspot tracks. Four end-member ...
Terrestrial planets fractionated synchronously
... plumes and sinking antiplumes with constant configurations and velocities and no new effects. Mars is assigned a permanent stagnant lid, punctured intermittently by plumes that produce megavolcanoes but little vertical or horizontal surface effect. The assumed shared mechanism for these three mutual ...
... plumes and sinking antiplumes with constant configurations and velocities and no new effects. Mars is assigned a permanent stagnant lid, punctured intermittently by plumes that produce megavolcanoes but little vertical or horizontal surface effect. The assumed shared mechanism for these three mutual ...
An Iceland hotspot saga
... The deep plume hotspot-source hypothesis The Canadian geoscientist J. Tuzo Wilson (1908– 1993) first proposed in a number of articles (e.g. Wilson, 1963) that a hotspot source is deep in the mantle and probably moves slower than the overriding plate (i.e. rheological lithosphere). He suggested that ...
... The deep plume hotspot-source hypothesis The Canadian geoscientist J. Tuzo Wilson (1908– 1993) first proposed in a number of articles (e.g. Wilson, 1963) that a hotspot source is deep in the mantle and probably moves slower than the overriding plate (i.e. rheological lithosphere). He suggested that ...
Can a Horizontal Astronomical Driving Force and an
... motion as observed in laboratory simulations4,17. Black vectors are located at 200 km depth and illustrate the horizontal flow pattern in the mantle. ...
... motion as observed in laboratory simulations4,17. Black vectors are located at 200 km depth and illustrate the horizontal flow pattern in the mantle. ...
Marking your Boundaries!!
... continues to widen and thin as it stretches out due to the spreading of the magma beneath Valley formed is increasingly filled with water from the ...
... continues to widen and thin as it stretches out due to the spreading of the magma beneath Valley formed is increasingly filled with water from the ...
Word
... B. deep arc C. subduction arc D. Noah’s arc E. trench 25. The pile of crumpled sea floor sediments that build up where an ocean plate starts to subduct is called a/an: A. forearc basin B. island arc C. batholith D. turbidity flow E. accretionary wedge 25. In which of these places would you expect to ...
... B. deep arc C. subduction arc D. Noah’s arc E. trench 25. The pile of crumpled sea floor sediments that build up where an ocean plate starts to subduct is called a/an: A. forearc basin B. island arc C. batholith D. turbidity flow E. accretionary wedge 25. In which of these places would you expect to ...
reprint
... oriented mantle material (characterized by a fast polarization direction φ and a delay time δt) that arise due to lattice-preferred orientation in olivine (Silver & Chan 1991). Russo & Silver’s (1994) used the pattern of shear-wave splitting observations and geoid features around South America to in ...
... oriented mantle material (characterized by a fast polarization direction φ and a delay time δt) that arise due to lattice-preferred orientation in olivine (Silver & Chan 1991). Russo & Silver’s (1994) used the pattern of shear-wave splitting observations and geoid features around South America to in ...
Plume heads, continental lithosphere, flood
... correlate with Archaean cratons. Below 300 km the regions of genera1ly fast seismic velocity, and therefore cold mantle, correlate with regions probably underlain by ancient slabs, where the uppennantle may be cooled from below. A moving plate, overriding a bot region, and being put into tension , w ...
... correlate with Archaean cratons. Below 300 km the regions of genera1ly fast seismic velocity, and therefore cold mantle, correlate with regions probably underlain by ancient slabs, where the uppennantle may be cooled from below. A moving plate, overriding a bot region, and being put into tension , w ...
Chapter 20 – Mountain Building
... • Isostasy is the displacement of the mantle by the crust until an equilibrium between crust and mantle is reached. • Downward force of gravity on the crust is balanced by the upward force of buoyancy in the mantle. • Think of it as a boat floating on water! ...
... • Isostasy is the displacement of the mantle by the crust until an equilibrium between crust and mantle is reached. • Downward force of gravity on the crust is balanced by the upward force of buoyancy in the mantle. • Think of it as a boat floating on water! ...
Geo-neutrinos and Earth Models
... K, Th and U) therein are developed from concepts that use chondritic meteorites, which are primitive undifferentiated solar system materials assembled during the initial accretion and formation of the star and planets, to build the Earth. These models are required to be consistent with physical and c ...
... K, Th and U) therein are developed from concepts that use chondritic meteorites, which are primitive undifferentiated solar system materials assembled during the initial accretion and formation of the star and planets, to build the Earth. These models are required to be consistent with physical and c ...
Science CH 6 Lesson 4
... Key concept: Major features of California Geography can be explained in terms of plate tectonics. ...
... Key concept: Major features of California Geography can be explained in terms of plate tectonics. ...
Kelsey Beechler ERTH 201 Lab East African Rift Valley Rift valleys
... magma level, the crust gets thinner. Eventually, when coupled with the spreading movement, the plate breaks, allowing oceanic crust, or new crust material, to form (Continental Rifting). The process of plates spreading is most commonly seen with oceanic plates, such as with the Mid-Atlantic spreadin ...
... magma level, the crust gets thinner. Eventually, when coupled with the spreading movement, the plate breaks, allowing oceanic crust, or new crust material, to form (Continental Rifting). The process of plates spreading is most commonly seen with oceanic plates, such as with the Mid-Atlantic spreadin ...
12.002 Physics and Chemistry of the Earth and Terrestrial Planets
... ridges between plates are known: vAB=50 mm/yr, vBC=47 mm/yr, vCD=42 mm/yr, vAD=43 mm/yr, vDE=28 mm/yr. The tectonic system enters a continent (shading) where the relative rates of motion cannot be measured, although the approximate position of the plate boundary is known and shown by the wide shaded ...
... ridges between plates are known: vAB=50 mm/yr, vBC=47 mm/yr, vCD=42 mm/yr, vAD=43 mm/yr, vDE=28 mm/yr. The tectonic system enters a continent (shading) where the relative rates of motion cannot be measured, although the approximate position of the plate boundary is known and shown by the wide shaded ...
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a mechanism proposed in 1971 to explain volcanic regions of the earth that were not thought to be explicable by the then-new theory of plate tectonics. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, for example, Hawaii. Others represent unusually large-volume volcanism, whether on plate boundaries, e.g. Iceland, or basalt floods such as the Deccan or Siberian traps.A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. The currently active volcanic centers are known as ""hot spots"". In particular, the concept that mantle plumes are fixed relative to one another, and anchored at the core-mantle boundary, was thought to provide a natural explanation for the time-progressive chains of older volcanoes seen extending out from some such hot spots, such as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.The hypothesis of mantle plumes from depth is not universally accepted as explaining all such volcanism. It has required progressive hypothesis-elaboration leading to variant propositions such as mini-plumes and pulsing plumes. Another hypothesis for unusual volcanic regions is the ""Plate model"". This proposes shallower, passive leakage of magma from the mantle onto the Earth's surface where extension of the lithosphere permits it, attributing most volcanism to plate tectonic processes, with volcanoes far from plate boundaries resulting from intraplate extension.