Differential expression and regulation of two distinct
... to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first of these is thought to be mesoderm induction, which is be ...
... to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first of these is thought to be mesoderm induction, which is be ...
Plant immune and growth receptors share common signalling
... Each compartment or domain provides specific biophysical and biochemical environments for its residents and thus directly influences associated signalling activities (Kusumi et al., 2012; Saka et al., 2014; Garcia-Parajo et al., 2014; Tapken and Murphy, 2015). With regard to PM signalling, specialis ...
... Each compartment or domain provides specific biophysical and biochemical environments for its residents and thus directly influences associated signalling activities (Kusumi et al., 2012; Saka et al., 2014; Garcia-Parajo et al., 2014; Tapken and Murphy, 2015). With regard to PM signalling, specialis ...
The ErbB/HER receptor protein
... different complements of phosphotyrosine-binding signaling molecules thereby increasing the repertoire of signaling pathways that can be activated by a given receptor [19]. SH2 and PTB domain-containing proteins bind to peptidic phosphotyrosines. SH2 domains (100 amino acid residues) bind to distinc ...
... different complements of phosphotyrosine-binding signaling molecules thereby increasing the repertoire of signaling pathways that can be activated by a given receptor [19]. SH2 and PTB domain-containing proteins bind to peptidic phosphotyrosines. SH2 domains (100 amino acid residues) bind to distinc ...
Is fibroblast growth factor 23 a harbinger of mortality in CKD
... Figure 2: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) increases cell size in a dose-dependent manner. Panel A. Representative forwardscatter histograms (FSC-H) of HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with vehicle or FGF23 (900 pg/ml) for 48 h. Panel B. Summary of forward-scatter (FSC-H) data on cardiomyocytes treate ...
... Figure 2: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) increases cell size in a dose-dependent manner. Panel A. Representative forwardscatter histograms (FSC-H) of HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with vehicle or FGF23 (900 pg/ml) for 48 h. Panel B. Summary of forward-scatter (FSC-H) data on cardiomyocytes treate ...
The Time Course of Signaling at Central Glutamatergic
... transmitter into the synaptic cleft and the subsequent activation of postsynaptic receptors. The most extensively characterized synapse is the neuromuscular junction, formed between motor axons and skeletal muscle fibers. The transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released from synaptic vesicles in mult ...
... transmitter into the synaptic cleft and the subsequent activation of postsynaptic receptors. The most extensively characterized synapse is the neuromuscular junction, formed between motor axons and skeletal muscle fibers. The transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released from synaptic vesicles in mult ...
Targeting the Folate Receptor, a Novel Cancer
... Folate Receptor populations within the human body and abundance, Folate Receptor cycles in endocytosis, Folic Acid — Folate Receptor chemical kinetics, Folate conjugated Nano-carriers, and several proposed nanotechnology based techniques for cancer treatments. Based on the literature review, several ...
... Folate Receptor populations within the human body and abundance, Folate Receptor cycles in endocytosis, Folic Acid — Folate Receptor chemical kinetics, Folate conjugated Nano-carriers, and several proposed nanotechnology based techniques for cancer treatments. Based on the literature review, several ...
E-lectures True and False Statements
... to correct the statements identified to be false. The statements may be correct even if they do not contain all the presented information. You may work alone or in small groups. It is recommended that you practice working in groups, since the literature assignment sessions and the Team-Based Learnin ...
... to correct the statements identified to be false. The statements may be correct even if they do not contain all the presented information. You may work alone or in small groups. It is recommended that you practice working in groups, since the literature assignment sessions and the Team-Based Learnin ...
Heterodimerization and Endocytosis of Arabidopsis
... 2002a). How the BRI1-BAK1 (AtSERK3) receptor complex transmits the BR signal is not known, although two recent models suggest similarities to either animal Try kinase or transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) cell surface receptor activation (reviewed in Clouse, 2002; Li, 2003). Signaling events in an ...
... 2002a). How the BRI1-BAK1 (AtSERK3) receptor complex transmits the BR signal is not known, although two recent models suggest similarities to either animal Try kinase or transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) cell surface receptor activation (reviewed in Clouse, 2002; Li, 2003). Signaling events in an ...
The Interleukin-1 Family: Back to the Future
... markedly prolongs the lifespan and stimulates the effector function of neutrophils and macrophages (Mantovani et al., 2011). In addition, IL-1 orchestrates the differentiation and function of innate and adaptive lymphoid cells (see below). IL-1a and IL-1b are encoded by distinct genes, bind to the s ...
... markedly prolongs the lifespan and stimulates the effector function of neutrophils and macrophages (Mantovani et al., 2011). In addition, IL-1 orchestrates the differentiation and function of innate and adaptive lymphoid cells (see below). IL-1a and IL-1b are encoded by distinct genes, bind to the s ...
Extracellular O2 Probe
... concentrations 24 h post-treatment. For Extracellular O2 Probe measurements, cells were plated at 80,000 cells/well, allowed to adhere overnight and then assayed. Extracellular O2 data presented in Fig. 2A illustrates that drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction is evident immediately post treatment ...
... concentrations 24 h post-treatment. For Extracellular O2 Probe measurements, cells were plated at 80,000 cells/well, allowed to adhere overnight and then assayed. Extracellular O2 data presented in Fig. 2A illustrates that drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction is evident immediately post treatment ...
G protein
... • Some bacteria cause their diseases through their effects on heterotrimeric G proteins • Cholera: when Vibrio cholerae colonizes the gut it secretes cholera toxin; this toxin modifies Gs so that it cannot hydrolyze GTP • This alters secretion of salts and fluids in the intestine and can cause death ...
... • Some bacteria cause their diseases through their effects on heterotrimeric G proteins • Cholera: when Vibrio cholerae colonizes the gut it secretes cholera toxin; this toxin modifies Gs so that it cannot hydrolyze GTP • This alters secretion of salts and fluids in the intestine and can cause death ...
Histidine protein kinases: key signal transducers outside the animal
... HPKs also have phosphatase activity which dephosphorylates the response regulator and opposes kinase function [3,13] (for details see the Mechanism section); phosphatase activity is mediated by the dimerization domain in these HPKs. The catalytic domain of HPKs has clear sequence and structural homo ...
... HPKs also have phosphatase activity which dephosphorylates the response regulator and opposes kinase function [3,13] (for details see the Mechanism section); phosphatase activity is mediated by the dimerization domain in these HPKs. The catalytic domain of HPKs has clear sequence and structural homo ...
06 Physiology of synapses
... (flow of K+ out of the cytosol makes the interior more negative relative to the exterior of the membrane – Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential ...
... (flow of K+ out of the cytosol makes the interior more negative relative to the exterior of the membrane – Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential ...
Dopamine Increases Excitability of Pyramidal Neurons in Primate
... preparation. All of the recorded neurons in layer 3 (n ⫽ 86) exhibited regular spiking firing properties consistent with those of pyramidal neurons. We found that DA had no significant effects on resting membrane potential or input resistance of these cells. However DA, at concentrations as low as 0 ...
... preparation. All of the recorded neurons in layer 3 (n ⫽ 86) exhibited regular spiking firing properties consistent with those of pyramidal neurons. We found that DA had no significant effects on resting membrane potential or input resistance of these cells. However DA, at concentrations as low as 0 ...
02 Physiology of synapses, interneuronal connections
... (flow of K+ out of the cytosol makes the interior more negative relative to the exterior of the membrane – Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential ...
... (flow of K+ out of the cytosol makes the interior more negative relative to the exterior of the membrane – Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential ...
The Poxvirus Protein A52R Targets Toll
... TLR9 is absolutely dependent on the cytoplasmic TIR domain-containing protein MyD88 (16, 18–20), which is recruited to receptor TIR domains (21–23). However, both TLR4 and TLR3 are able to activate NF-B, by both a MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathway (15, 24). For TLR4, the MyD88-independe ...
... TLR9 is absolutely dependent on the cytoplasmic TIR domain-containing protein MyD88 (16, 18–20), which is recruited to receptor TIR domains (21–23). However, both TLR4 and TLR3 are able to activate NF-B, by both a MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathway (15, 24). For TLR4, the MyD88-independe ...
sulforhodamine 101 Oregon Green AM
... •Caged glutamate at 1mM does not activate or block AMPAR, NMDAR, mGluR, transporters. •No effect of photolysis of NI-caged phosphate on cerebellar climbing fibre transmission or short term plasticity. However: NI-caged GABA and glycine are antagonists at respective receptors ...
... •Caged glutamate at 1mM does not activate or block AMPAR, NMDAR, mGluR, transporters. •No effect of photolysis of NI-caged phosphate on cerebellar climbing fibre transmission or short term plasticity. However: NI-caged GABA and glycine are antagonists at respective receptors ...
Purinergic signalling
Purinergic signalling (or signaling: see American and British English differences) is a form of extracellular signalling mediated by purine nucleotides and nucleosides such as adenosine and ATP. It involves the activation of purinergic receptors in the cell and/or in nearby cells, thereby regulating cellular functions.The purinergic signalling complex of a cell is sometimes referred to as the “purinome”.