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Physics Fall Midterm Review
Physics Fall Midterm Review

...  Predict the final velocities of objects after collisions, given the initial velocities  Identify different types of collisions  Determine the changes in kinetic energy during perfectly inelastic collisions  Compare conservation of momentum and conservation of kinetic energy in perfectly inelast ...
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...  An object's weight, W, acts perpendicular to the surface of the earth because the gravitational force acting on it is directed toward the center of the earth. W is represented with a vertical line drawn downward.  If the object rests on an inclined plane, the weight can be resolved into two compo ...
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... (12) A playground carousel rotates freely, with a moment of inertia of 125 kgm2 (without riders). When a girl is standing on the carousel 1.50 m from the center, the carousel has an angular velocity of 0.60 rad/s. However, as the child moves inward to a point located 0.75 m from the center, the angu ...
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Newton's theorem of revolving orbits



In classical mechanics, Newton's theorem of revolving orbits identifies the type of central force needed to multiply the angular speed of a particle by a factor k without affecting its radial motion (Figures 1 and 2). Newton applied his theorem to understanding the overall rotation of orbits (apsidal precession, Figure 3) that is observed for the Moon and planets. The term ""radial motion"" signifies the motion towards or away from the center of force, whereas the angular motion is perpendicular to the radial motion.Isaac Newton derived this theorem in Propositions 43–45 of Book I of his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687. In Proposition 43, he showed that the added force must be a central force, one whose magnitude depends only upon the distance r between the particle and a point fixed in space (the center). In Proposition 44, he derived a formula for the force, showing that it was an inverse-cube force, one that varies as the inverse cube of r. In Proposition 45 Newton extended his theorem to arbitrary central forces by assuming that the particle moved in nearly circular orbit.As noted by astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in his 1995 commentary on Newton's Principia, this theorem remained largely unknown and undeveloped for over three centuries. Since 1997, the theorem has been studied by Donald Lynden-Bell and collaborators. Its first exact extension came in 2000 with the work of Mahomed and Vawda.
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