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pineal gland
pineal gland

... • Hereditary factors and obesity play a role in its development. ...
Primary Hyperaldosteronism Decoded: A Case of
Primary Hyperaldosteronism Decoded: A Case of

... hypertension compared with the general hypertensive population. It is important to screen such patients for secondary causes of hypertension because appropriate treatment can lead to improved blood pressure control or even cure these patients, and thus avoid the cardiovascular morbidity and mortalit ...
Integrated Medicine Practice 75 Burnmill Road Market
Integrated Medicine Practice 75 Burnmill Road Market

... Abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland can be established with some 95% accuracy and at no cost with the Dr. Broda O. Barnes MD PhD Basal Body Temperature Test. The thyroid gland secretes hormones which control the body's metabolic rate in two primary ways: 1) by stimulating tissue response in th ...
Clicker review Chapter 10
Clicker review Chapter 10

... Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates melanocyte activity during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? a) b) c) d) e) ...
PDF - EnM :: Endocrinology and Metabolism
PDF - EnM :: Endocrinology and Metabolism

... serum ghrelin levels would be high in hyperthyroidism, as a response meant to restore energy balance. However, several studies have found lower serum ghrelin levels in subjects with hyperthyroidism than in euthyroid participants [16,17,26,27]. These reported that the decreased ghrelin levels became ...
CASE 33
CASE 33

... An elevated prolactin level can be seen in numerous conditions. Patients should be screened initially with a pregnancy test and thyroid studies. Many different medications can cause an elevated prolactin level, including birth control pills, metoclopramide, and many antipsychotic medications. Patien ...
The Male Sex Hormone : Some Factors Controlling its Production
The Male Sex Hormone : Some Factors Controlling its Production

... identity of the second hormone, which is involved in the stimulation of the interstitial cells and consequently with the production of male hormone, is less certain. Wallen-Lawrence, and Hisaw and his collaborators have presented evidence that would associate it with the pituitary hormone which stim ...
Androgen receptor CAG repeat length is associated with ovarian
Androgen receptor CAG repeat length is associated with ovarian

... two of the following three features must be present: advanced maternal age or any other risk factor for poor ovarian response; a previous poor ovarian response; and an abnormal ovarian reserve test (Ferraretti et al., 2011). About 9–24% of women undergoing IVF respond more poorly than expected to th ...
Adrenal failure
Adrenal failure

... patients receiving appropriate doses of glucocorticoid if their mineralocorticoid requirements are not met whereas patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency and normal aldosterone secretion rarely present in adrenal crisis. However, glucocorticoid deficiency may also contribute to hypotension by ...
01 - ALCA
01 - ALCA

... Endocrine glands are made of cuboidal cells and always release hormones! 2. Who are the Endocrine Glands that affect our life? - INSERT picture of the placement of the endocrine glands & get two different map/marker colors. - The first color represents the ‘true’ endocrine glands, which means this i ...
Endo 2B PPT
Endo 2B PPT

... •  Agents and drugs that interfere with dopamine secretion or receptor binding lead to enhanced secretion of prolactin. •  Damage to the infindibulum takes away this inhibition and causes increased PRL secretion. ...
Endocrine Lecture
Endocrine Lecture

... • “The Gate Keepers”, the “Master Glands" work as a “UNIT” • These 2 glands work together to have a multi system effect from the hormones produced, secreted and circulated from the the anterior/posterior pituitary & Hypothalamus glands. ...
Endocrine System
Endocrine System

... receptor) to intracellular effectors (e.g., adenyl cyclase), which then generate second messengers (e.g., cAMP). Gs is a stimulatory G protein that has a pivotal role in signal transduction in several endocrine organs, including the pituitary. Gs exists as an inactive protein, with guanosine diphosp ...
Nutritional Support for the Thyroid Gland
Nutritional Support for the Thyroid Gland

... complicated reasons, the body attacks the thyroid gland, decreasing its production of thyroid hormones. Selenium appears to have two essential functions related to thyroid health. First, it is a component of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione peroxidase. If selenium is unavailable, this enzyme does ...
Academic paper: Endocrinal toxicity of industrial solvents
Academic paper: Endocrinal toxicity of industrial solvents

... ble in water. The removal of the solvent from a solution permits the recovery of the solute intact with its original properties29. Solvents are used in paints, adhesives, cosmetics, glues, polymers, plastics, textiles, printing inks, agricultural products and pharmaceuticals28. Approximately 9.8 mil ...
Pancreas and blood glucose regulation
Pancreas and blood glucose regulation

... Immunoperoxidase staining can help identify the nature of the cells present in the islets of Langerhans. On the right, antibody to insulin has been employed to identify the beta cells. On the left, antibody to glucagon identifies the alpha cells. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary  Growth hormone (GH) disorders  Pituitary dwarfism results from hyposecretion of GH during childhood  Gigantism results from hypersecretion of GH ...
Insulin ,Glucagon, and Diabetes mellitus
Insulin ,Glucagon, and Diabetes mellitus

... The brain is quite different from most other tissues of the body in that insulin has little effect on uptake or use of glucose ,instead ,the brain cells are permeable to glucose and can use glucose without the intermediation of insulin. The brain cells also quite different from most other cells of t ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
Chapter 7 Body Systems

... Tropic hormones—have a stimulating effect on other endocrine glands; four principal tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the basophils of the pars anterior (Table 16-6): • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or thyrotropin—promotes and maintains growth and development of thyroid; also causes ...
PPT File
PPT File

... Tropic hormones—have a stimulating effect on other endocrine glands; four principal tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the basophils of the pars anterior (Table 16-6): • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or thyrotropin—promotes and maintains growth and development of thyroid; also causes ...
Thyroid and Parathyroid Testing - American Proficiency Institute
Thyroid and Parathyroid Testing - American Proficiency Institute

... The preferred initial test for thyroid dysfunction in an ambulatory population is TSH. Although free hormone levels mediate the metabolic processes, TSH is the preferred test because the inverse log/linear relationship between free T4 and TSH is such that a two-fold change in free T4 causes a 100-fo ...
Chap 12
Chap 12

...  Type 1 results from hyposecretion of insulin  Type 2 results from target cell insensitivity to ...
ENDOCRINE “PITUITARY“ EMERGENCIES
ENDOCRINE “PITUITARY“ EMERGENCIES

... e-threatening. Treatment consists of ABC upport, blockade of excessive catecholamine ctivity with propranolol, inhibition of the ynthesis of new thyroid hormone with PTU, ockade of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 th hydrocortisone, and treatment of the ...
Two Adult Patients with Ectopic Neurohypophysis and
Two Adult Patients with Ectopic Neurohypophysis and

... rarely brain trauma which may be caused by major events such as traffic accident (9). Some of the patients present with growth retardation due to hypotalamic and pituitary deficiency, others are diagnosed with acute adrenal deficiency (10,11). This syndrome is the most commonly diagnosed in childhoo ...
A Study of Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin Levels
A Study of Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin Levels

... Hyperprolactinemia adversely affects fertility potential by impairing GnRH pulsatility and thereby ovarian function. Therefore in every infertile female should be investigated for TSH and PRL levels regardless of their menstrual rhythm at the time of initial consultation. In our study the age of inf ...
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Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, or androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body and the associated effects of these excessive levels of androgens.Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles. In most instances, these symptoms are transient and reflect only the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the first years following menarche. Approximately three-quarters of patients with PCOS (by the diagnostic criteria of NIH/NICHD 1990) have evidence of hyperandrogenism, with free testosterone being the single most predictive marker with ~60% of patients demonstrating supranormal levels.Hyperandrogenism can also be the result of excessive production of adrenal or gonadal androgens by adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or hyperplasia, Leydig cell tumors in men, and arrhenoblastomas in women.In women, signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism frequently include acne, scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), excessive facial and body hair (hirsutism), atypically high libido, breast atrophy, and others. Collectively, these symptoms are described as virilization.Management of hyperandrogenism symptoms like androgenic alopecia, include the use of antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and flutamide.
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