Chap 34 - Resistance of the Body to Infection
... A. immunity - ability to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs ...
... A. immunity - ability to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs ...
Unit_4_Topic_6_Infection_immunity_and_forensics_Objectives
... 10. Describe the major routes pathogens may take when entering the body and explain the role of barriers in protecting the body from infection, including the roles of skin, stomach acid, gut and skin flora. 11. Explain how bacterial and viral infectious diseases have a sequence of symptoms that may ...
... 10. Describe the major routes pathogens may take when entering the body and explain the role of barriers in protecting the body from infection, including the roles of skin, stomach acid, gut and skin flora. 11. Explain how bacterial and viral infectious diseases have a sequence of symptoms that may ...
Immune System - T.R. Robinson High School
... Immune System: 2 major kinds of defense Second kind is Acquired immunity: • Develops after exposure to microbes or other foreign substances • Highly specific • White blood cells (lymphocytes). 2 responses: – Humoral response – cells derived from Blymphocytes secrete antibodies that bind to microbes ...
... Immune System: 2 major kinds of defense Second kind is Acquired immunity: • Develops after exposure to microbes or other foreign substances • Highly specific • White blood cells (lymphocytes). 2 responses: – Humoral response – cells derived from Blymphocytes secrete antibodies that bind to microbes ...
Inflammatory Immune Response
... have similar properties to basophils, which are a type of white blood cell. There are two types of mast cells, mucosal mast cells and connective tissue mast cells, which, although sharing most properties do have some differences. When they are activated mast cells release the contents of their granu ...
... have similar properties to basophils, which are a type of white blood cell. There are two types of mast cells, mucosal mast cells and connective tissue mast cells, which, although sharing most properties do have some differences. When they are activated mast cells release the contents of their granu ...
Specialized white blood cells coordinate `first
... researchers looked for a role for regulatory T cells white blood cells, a category called regulatory T cells, seem to help orchestrate this timely reaction during the start of a herpes simplex virus infection in mucus membranes. to a virus invasion. Their findings appear in the April 24 edition of S ...
... researchers looked for a role for regulatory T cells white blood cells, a category called regulatory T cells, seem to help orchestrate this timely reaction during the start of a herpes simplex virus infection in mucus membranes. to a virus invasion. Their findings appear in the April 24 edition of S ...
Lymphatic System Notes
... dogs and cats can. Conversely, humans can suffer from measles; dogs and cats cannot. The genetic makeup of human cells (and of animal and plant cells, also) makes it impossible for certain pathogens to infect and reproduce in those cells. ...
... dogs and cats can. Conversely, humans can suffer from measles; dogs and cats cannot. The genetic makeup of human cells (and of animal and plant cells, also) makes it impossible for certain pathogens to infect and reproduce in those cells. ...
White Blood Cells
... in the blood. The detailed mechanisms of immune function are covered in the immunity unit, but we will discuss the classes here. There are five common types of leukocytes (and some of those types have subgroups). One way of categorizing these five is by whether or not they contain granules in their ...
... in the blood. The detailed mechanisms of immune function are covered in the immunity unit, but we will discuss the classes here. There are five common types of leukocytes (and some of those types have subgroups). One way of categorizing these five is by whether or not they contain granules in their ...
Adaptive immunity
... to block the entry of microbes and to rapidly eliminate microbes that do succeed in entering host tissues. The first line of defense in innate immunity is provided by epithelial barriers and by specialized cells and natural antibiotics present in epithelia, all of which function to block the entry o ...
... to block the entry of microbes and to rapidly eliminate microbes that do succeed in entering host tissues. The first line of defense in innate immunity is provided by epithelial barriers and by specialized cells and natural antibiotics present in epithelia, all of which function to block the entry o ...
Product Data Sheet
... important functions in maintaining immune function, reproduction, healthy skin, and growth. Numerous studies support the fundamental role of zinc in normal immune response in humans. Immune cells must be able to rapidly divide in order to respond to daily challenges. Like all rapidly dividing cells, ...
... important functions in maintaining immune function, reproduction, healthy skin, and growth. Numerous studies support the fundamental role of zinc in normal immune response in humans. Immune cells must be able to rapidly divide in order to respond to daily challenges. Like all rapidly dividing cells, ...
Slide 1
... • Raised cytokine and chemokine levels are a consequence of immune activation • HIV-induced activation of innate immune system (N. Bhardwaj) – When virus load decreases after acute phase, immune activation remains ...
... • Raised cytokine and chemokine levels are a consequence of immune activation • HIV-induced activation of innate immune system (N. Bhardwaj) – When virus load decreases after acute phase, immune activation remains ...
The Immune System
... the weakened pathogen b) Memory cells for future infections • Goal: Memory cells and antibodies kept for life • 30 years later: What happens if you re-catch the living virus? ...
... the weakened pathogen b) Memory cells for future infections • Goal: Memory cells and antibodies kept for life • 30 years later: What happens if you re-catch the living virus? ...
the immune response
... Cellular: macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, etc. Biochemical: cytokines, lysozymes and complement (cell lysis (MAC), opsonization C3b, chemotaxis C5a) ...
... Cellular: macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, etc. Biochemical: cytokines, lysozymes and complement (cell lysis (MAC), opsonization C3b, chemotaxis C5a) ...
Primary Immune Deficiencies
... The type of infections in a given patient depends largely on the component of the immune system that is affected. Patients with defects in Ig, complement, or phagocytic cells typically suffer from recurrent infections with pyogenic bacteria, whereas those with defects in cellmediated immunity are pr ...
... The type of infections in a given patient depends largely on the component of the immune system that is affected. Patients with defects in Ig, complement, or phagocytic cells typically suffer from recurrent infections with pyogenic bacteria, whereas those with defects in cellmediated immunity are pr ...
IMMUNE DEFENCE - ASAB-NUST
... molecules which react with the microbes. More specifically the alternative pathway depends on the normal continuous low level breakdown of C3. One of the fragments, C3b , is very reactive and can covalently bind to virtually any molecules or cell. If C3b binds to a self cell, regulatory molecules as ...
... molecules which react with the microbes. More specifically the alternative pathway depends on the normal continuous low level breakdown of C3. One of the fragments, C3b , is very reactive and can covalently bind to virtually any molecules or cell. If C3b binds to a self cell, regulatory molecules as ...
Chapter 15
... • substance that provokes an immune response in specific lymphocytes • perceived as foreign, not a normal constituent of the body • Foreign cells & large complex molecules over 10,000 MW are most antigenic • Foreign molecules less than 1,000 MW (haptens) are not antigenic unless attached ...
... • substance that provokes an immune response in specific lymphocytes • perceived as foreign, not a normal constituent of the body • Foreign cells & large complex molecules over 10,000 MW are most antigenic • Foreign molecules less than 1,000 MW (haptens) are not antigenic unless attached ...
Document
... • Most protein Ag require Ag-specific T cell help to generate an Ab response • The immune response to most Ag depend on both T cells and B cells ...
... • Most protein Ag require Ag-specific T cell help to generate an Ab response • The immune response to most Ag depend on both T cells and B cells ...
Chapter 16
... 40. Explain the relationship between an allergic reaction and an immune response. Allergic reactions are closely related to immune responses in that both may involve the sensitizing of lymphocytes or the combining of antigens with antibodies. Allergic reactions are likely to be excessive and to cau ...
... 40. Explain the relationship between an allergic reaction and an immune response. Allergic reactions are closely related to immune responses in that both may involve the sensitizing of lymphocytes or the combining of antigens with antibodies. Allergic reactions are likely to be excessive and to cau ...
Document
... are cross-linked by an antigen, then occurs: a/ degranulation – release of content of granules to the cell’s surroundings b/ activation of arachidonic acid’s metabolism – production of prostaglandins a leukotriens which are released from cells • The release of these substances leads to vasodilation, ...
... are cross-linked by an antigen, then occurs: a/ degranulation – release of content of granules to the cell’s surroundings b/ activation of arachidonic acid’s metabolism – production of prostaglandins a leukotriens which are released from cells • The release of these substances leads to vasodilation, ...
Infectious Disease PPT worksheet
... Bacteria. By using the cells’ equipment, Viruses reproduce themselves with astonishing speed. Viruses take over the cell’s genetic material and force it to reproduce more viruses. The new viruses then move on to infect other cells. Most people suffer through at least one cold, or upper respiratory t ...
... Bacteria. By using the cells’ equipment, Viruses reproduce themselves with astonishing speed. Viruses take over the cell’s genetic material and force it to reproduce more viruses. The new viruses then move on to infect other cells. Most people suffer through at least one cold, or upper respiratory t ...
Lymphocytes - MBBS Students Club
... or organs. Immune responses may be either • Innate or non-specific results from general processes • Acquired or adaptive or specific does not develop until after the body is first exposed by bacterium, virus or toxin and often requires weeks or months to develop ...
... or organs. Immune responses may be either • Innate or non-specific results from general processes • Acquired or adaptive or specific does not develop until after the body is first exposed by bacterium, virus or toxin and often requires weeks or months to develop ...
Immune System A
... Become immunocompetent before they encounter antigens they may later attack Are exported to secondary lymphoid tissue where encounters with antigens occur Mature into fully functional antigen-activated cells upon binding with their recognized antigen It is genes, not antigens, that determine which f ...
... Become immunocompetent before they encounter antigens they may later attack Are exported to secondary lymphoid tissue where encounters with antigens occur Mature into fully functional antigen-activated cells upon binding with their recognized antigen It is genes, not antigens, that determine which f ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.