NUR127 Unit 1 Lecture 2 Immunology
... the connective tissue destroying bacterias. Eosinophils: Phagocytic cells that destroy allergens, antigen & anti-body complexes, & some inflammatory chemicals. Surround larger parasites & attack them with enzymes to weaken or destroy them. Defend against allergies & parasitic worm infections. ...
... the connective tissue destroying bacterias. Eosinophils: Phagocytic cells that destroy allergens, antigen & anti-body complexes, & some inflammatory chemicals. Surround larger parasites & attack them with enzymes to weaken or destroy them. Defend against allergies & parasitic worm infections. ...
Animal Diseases
... Made up of some of the material found in cells but are not cells because they do not have a nucleus or other cell parts. ...
... Made up of some of the material found in cells but are not cells because they do not have a nucleus or other cell parts. ...
common homwework mistakes
... Changes to the protein coat of the influenza virus cause antigenic variability. Explain how antigenic variability has caused some people to become infected more than once with influenza viruses. (2 marks) The B cells for the old influenza virus do not recognise the new antigens. Scores 1 out of 2 m ...
... Changes to the protein coat of the influenza virus cause antigenic variability. Explain how antigenic variability has caused some people to become infected more than once with influenza viruses. (2 marks) The B cells for the old influenza virus do not recognise the new antigens. Scores 1 out of 2 m ...
Nobel Prize of physiology or medicine (1984) (4) Part I The
... The second theory: (Reactivity against self antigen creates diversity) It was known that the immune system learns to be tolerant to the individual's own self; Jerns postulated that this learning took place in the thymus. (1971) Thymus gland ...
... The second theory: (Reactivity against self antigen creates diversity) It was known that the immune system learns to be tolerant to the individual's own self; Jerns postulated that this learning took place in the thymus. (1971) Thymus gland ...
2. seminar 2012
... Free haptens, however, can react with products of the immune response after such products have been elicited. Haptens have the property of antigenicity but not immunogenicity. Haptenic/antigen determinant (epitope) part of the antigen which are recognized by a defined immunoglobulin (B cell receptor ...
... Free haptens, however, can react with products of the immune response after such products have been elicited. Haptens have the property of antigenicity but not immunogenicity. Haptenic/antigen determinant (epitope) part of the antigen which are recognized by a defined immunoglobulin (B cell receptor ...
Marginal zone B cells
... 1. For cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, ligation of the TCR by MHC I/peptide + co-stimulation results in release of granzymes and perforin and/or FasL, leading to apoptosis of the target cells. 2. Viruses evade host defense, in part, by down-regulating MHC Class I. Uninfected dendritic cells circumvent this b ...
... 1. For cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, ligation of the TCR by MHC I/peptide + co-stimulation results in release of granzymes and perforin and/or FasL, leading to apoptosis of the target cells. 2. Viruses evade host defense, in part, by down-regulating MHC Class I. Uninfected dendritic cells circumvent this b ...
Week 11 - Immune Responses - NSW and VIC Biology for Year
... specificity as the parent B cell. Plasma cells survive for only a few days but memory cells can survive for several years and, in some cases, for life. If a second infection of the bacterium occurs, the B-memory cells react faster and more vigorously than the initial B-cell reaction to the first inf ...
... specificity as the parent B cell. Plasma cells survive for only a few days but memory cells can survive for several years and, in some cases, for life. If a second infection of the bacterium occurs, the B-memory cells react faster and more vigorously than the initial B-cell reaction to the first inf ...
Viruses
... reproduce itself. These host cells are eventually destroyed, weakening the patient's immune system. ...
... reproduce itself. These host cells are eventually destroyed, weakening the patient's immune system. ...
AdaptiveImmuneFuncti..
... B-cells also express antigen receptors on their cell-surface which interact with the antigen-presenting cells and are stimulated to differentiate into antibody producing B-cells and memory B-cells. The catch to this process is that it won’t happen without the participation of the helper T-cells tha ...
... B-cells also express antigen receptors on their cell-surface which interact with the antigen-presenting cells and are stimulated to differentiate into antibody producing B-cells and memory B-cells. The catch to this process is that it won’t happen without the participation of the helper T-cells tha ...
hypersensitivities ppt
... Th1 cells • Direct killing by Tc or recruitment of phagocytic cells by Th1 cells • Examples • Acute graft rejection, skin test for TB, contact allergic reactions, and some autoimmune diseases ...
... Th1 cells • Direct killing by Tc or recruitment of phagocytic cells by Th1 cells • Examples • Acute graft rejection, skin test for TB, contact allergic reactions, and some autoimmune diseases ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
... • At the clone stage antibodies do not leave the Bcells. • The abs are embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell and are called antibody receptors. • When the receptors in the membrane recognise and antigen on the surface of the pathogen the B-cell divides rapidly. • The antigens are presented to ...
... • At the clone stage antibodies do not leave the Bcells. • The abs are embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell and are called antibody receptors. • When the receptors in the membrane recognise and antigen on the surface of the pathogen the B-cell divides rapidly. • The antigens are presented to ...
anatomy presentation 1
... Cytotoxic T Cells and Cell Mediated immune response • CD8=surface protein that enhances interaction between target cell and T cell ...
... Cytotoxic T Cells and Cell Mediated immune response • CD8=surface protein that enhances interaction between target cell and T cell ...
The Immune System
... dendritic cells help with the activation of the rest of the immune system. They are also capable of filtering body fluids to clear them of foreign organisms and particles. ...
... dendritic cells help with the activation of the rest of the immune system. They are also capable of filtering body fluids to clear them of foreign organisms and particles. ...
The Immune System
... on the outside. So, if a T cell wanders by, it will realize that there is a pathogen inside T cell the cell. But, for the T cell to react, one of receptor its receptors has to find a match with one on the infected cell. • B CELLS make antibodies that attach themselves to pathogens to show T cells an ...
... on the outside. So, if a T cell wanders by, it will realize that there is a pathogen inside T cell the cell. But, for the T cell to react, one of receptor its receptors has to find a match with one on the infected cell. • B CELLS make antibodies that attach themselves to pathogens to show T cells an ...
type II
... Schematic illustration of three different mechanisms of antibody-mediated injury in type II hypersensitivity. (A) Complement-dependent reactions that lead to lysis of cells or render them susceptible to phagocytosis. (B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). IgGcoated target cells ar ...
... Schematic illustration of three different mechanisms of antibody-mediated injury in type II hypersensitivity. (A) Complement-dependent reactions that lead to lysis of cells or render them susceptible to phagocytosis. (B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). IgGcoated target cells ar ...
Quiz 2 Practice with Answers
... and _______ whose function is to bind peptides and present them to _______ T cells: a. alpha (α) and beta (β); CD4+ b. alpha (α) and beta2-microglobulin; CD4+ c. alpha (α) and beta (β); CD8+ d. alpha (α) and beta2-microglobulin ; CD8+ e. alpha (α) and beta2-microglobulin; gamma-delta 7. What is the ...
... and _______ whose function is to bind peptides and present them to _______ T cells: a. alpha (α) and beta (β); CD4+ b. alpha (α) and beta2-microglobulin; CD4+ c. alpha (α) and beta (β); CD8+ d. alpha (α) and beta2-microglobulin ; CD8+ e. alpha (α) and beta2-microglobulin; gamma-delta 7. What is the ...
Tissue effector memory T cells Lymphoid central memory T cells
... • A successful primary immune response eliminates the pathogen and results in long-lasting immunological memory • Antibodies produced during the primary immune response protect against reinfection by neutralization and opsonization. ...
... • A successful primary immune response eliminates the pathogen and results in long-lasting immunological memory • Antibodies produced during the primary immune response protect against reinfection by neutralization and opsonization. ...
Biology: Infectious Diseases
... 3. Through the air (mucus droplets from coughing and sneezing) 4. Intermediate organism called a vector (mainly arthropods-insects like ticks, flies, mosquitoes, etc) Not all microorganisms are pathogenic. Some are actually beneficial and living inside us or on our skin. Humans develop normal flora ...
... 3. Through the air (mucus droplets from coughing and sneezing) 4. Intermediate organism called a vector (mainly arthropods-insects like ticks, flies, mosquitoes, etc) Not all microorganisms are pathogenic. Some are actually beneficial and living inside us or on our skin. Humans develop normal flora ...
Notes - Haiku Learning
... 9. Two types of cloned cells a) Plasma cells: secrete antibodies and fight off the first infection b) Memory cells: do no secrete antibodies during the first infection, but are long lived cells that remain in blood waiting for the secondary ...
... 9. Two types of cloned cells a) Plasma cells: secrete antibodies and fight off the first infection b) Memory cells: do no secrete antibodies during the first infection, but are long lived cells that remain in blood waiting for the secondary ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.