Autoimmune Diseases
... Epitopes derived from the pathogen are sufficiently homolog with host self-epitopes to cause cross-reactivity, but different enough to break tolerance. ...
... Epitopes derived from the pathogen are sufficiently homolog with host self-epitopes to cause cross-reactivity, but different enough to break tolerance. ...
A Naturally Healthy Immune System - First Choice Family Chiropractic
... Chiropractic care, however, is only one of five factors to consider when looking to support a healthy immune system. Nutrition, exercise, sleep and decreasing stress all play a valuable role as well. Nutrition is important because the type and quantity of food consumed is very important for overall ...
... Chiropractic care, however, is only one of five factors to consider when looking to support a healthy immune system. Nutrition, exercise, sleep and decreasing stress all play a valuable role as well. Nutrition is important because the type and quantity of food consumed is very important for overall ...
IMMUNOLOGY SIMPLIFIED Autoimmune diseases
... • The immune response recognizes and attacks the foreign antigen, but “cross reacts” with the “self-antigen” due to similarities in the antigens between “self” and “non-self” • Two examples come to mind immediately • Campylobacter jejuni and Guillain-Barré syndrome • Group A beta hemolytic strep and ...
... • The immune response recognizes and attacks the foreign antigen, but “cross reacts” with the “self-antigen” due to similarities in the antigens between “self” and “non-self” • Two examples come to mind immediately • Campylobacter jejuni and Guillain-Barré syndrome • Group A beta hemolytic strep and ...
Chapter 39
... Must keep microbes outside body Surface barriers are vulnerable When we become sick or weak with age, changes in ...
... Must keep microbes outside body Surface barriers are vulnerable When we become sick or weak with age, changes in ...
Autoimmune Disease
... Glandular epithelial cells participate in the autoimmune disease process Epithelial cells produce a number of immunologically active mediators May serve as antigen-presenting cells Epithelial cell responses modulate mechanisms occurring in the salivary glands ...
... Glandular epithelial cells participate in the autoimmune disease process Epithelial cells produce a number of immunologically active mediators May serve as antigen-presenting cells Epithelial cell responses modulate mechanisms occurring in the salivary glands ...
Unit VI: Immunity and Diseases
... Active immunity – immunity to disease from either exposure to a pathogen or vaccination Allergens – any substance that causes an allergic reaction Antibodies – a protein produced by B-cells in response to the presence of an antigen (bacterium or virus) Antigens – a protein on the surface of a pathog ...
... Active immunity – immunity to disease from either exposure to a pathogen or vaccination Allergens – any substance that causes an allergic reaction Antibodies – a protein produced by B-cells in response to the presence of an antigen (bacterium or virus) Antigens – a protein on the surface of a pathog ...
SPECIFIC IMMUNITY IN MICE TO HEARTWATER
... die from infection (Stewart, laboratory observation, 1985). This would suggest that in vitro incubation of immune spleen cells containing both memory lymphocytes and macrophages results in the destruction of the infective agent within 20 min. In vitro incubation is necessary for this reaction to occ ...
... die from infection (Stewart, laboratory observation, 1985). This would suggest that in vitro incubation of immune spleen cells containing both memory lymphocytes and macrophages results in the destruction of the infective agent within 20 min. In vitro incubation is necessary for this reaction to occ ...
4.9 Immune System Readings
... Sometimes your immune system can be triggered by something other than a germ. An example of this is when you have allergies, or an allergic response to something. Allergies are when your immune system overreacts and treats something harmless (like pollen or peanuts) as something dangerous to the bod ...
... Sometimes your immune system can be triggered by something other than a germ. An example of this is when you have allergies, or an allergic response to something. Allergies are when your immune system overreacts and treats something harmless (like pollen or peanuts) as something dangerous to the bod ...
PowerPoint ****
... the major accessory molecules of T cells, so called because they participate in responses to antigens but are not the receptors for antigen, are summarized. CTLA-4 (CD152) is a receptor for B7 molecules that delivers inhibitory signals; its role in shutting off T cell responses is described in Chapt ...
... the major accessory molecules of T cells, so called because they participate in responses to antigens but are not the receptors for antigen, are summarized. CTLA-4 (CD152) is a receptor for B7 molecules that delivers inhibitory signals; its role in shutting off T cell responses is described in Chapt ...
Chapter 15 Immune response(Ir)
... • The first antibodies produced in a humoral immune response are IgM, but activated B cells subsequently undergo isotype switching or class switching to secrete antibodies of different isotypes: IgG, IgA, and IgE. Isotype switching does not affect antibody specificity significantly. • Occurred wh ...
... • The first antibodies produced in a humoral immune response are IgM, but activated B cells subsequently undergo isotype switching or class switching to secrete antibodies of different isotypes: IgG, IgA, and IgE. Isotype switching does not affect antibody specificity significantly. • Occurred wh ...
ppt - Marric.us
... When an antigen enters the body, it binds to receptors on specific lymphocytes – those lymphocytes are activated and begin dividing – These divisions make identical effector cells or clones that bind to the antigen that stimulated the response – e.g., a B cell when activated, will proliferate to mak ...
... When an antigen enters the body, it binds to receptors on specific lymphocytes – those lymphocytes are activated and begin dividing – These divisions make identical effector cells or clones that bind to the antigen that stimulated the response – e.g., a B cell when activated, will proliferate to mak ...
... with histocompatibility (MHC) molecules is the first and central step in antigen presentation, the processs that leads to recruitment and activation of T lymphocytes. Peptides are selected and bound to class II-MHC molecules, depending on key sequence motifs that vary depending on MHC alleles. The p ...
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points – A Primer
... reunified Germany suggested that higher sanitation increased risks of these health conditions • The Hygiene Hypothesis: children exposed to other children or animals early in life are exposed to more microbes, and their immune systems develop more tolerance for the agents causing asthma, allergies a ...
... reunified Germany suggested that higher sanitation increased risks of these health conditions • The Hygiene Hypothesis: children exposed to other children or animals early in life are exposed to more microbes, and their immune systems develop more tolerance for the agents causing asthma, allergies a ...
B cells
... • Abdominal pain and diarrhea. • Impaired vitamin uptake (brain,nervous,bone,liver) • Treatment life long gluten free diet • 1:>105-1:750 starting middle infancy ...
... • Abdominal pain and diarrhea. • Impaired vitamin uptake (brain,nervous,bone,liver) • Treatment life long gluten free diet • 1:>105-1:750 starting middle infancy ...
Cytotoxic T Cells
... Neutralization: the antibody combines with the antigen and blocks an active site, preventing antigen binding to receptors on tissue cells Agglutination: antibodies are divalent (have more than one binding site); they can bind to more than one antigen at a time, forming cross linked clumps of antige ...
... Neutralization: the antibody combines with the antigen and blocks an active site, preventing antigen binding to receptors on tissue cells Agglutination: antibodies are divalent (have more than one binding site); they can bind to more than one antigen at a time, forming cross linked clumps of antige ...
学生课件二
... Tumor Immunity Tumor antigen is the new antigen produced by tumor cells. It can cause cell immune response and humoral immune response . Types: New protein ,conformation-changed protein, hidden determinants ,etc. ...
... Tumor Immunity Tumor antigen is the new antigen produced by tumor cells. It can cause cell immune response and humoral immune response . Types: New protein ,conformation-changed protein, hidden determinants ,etc. ...
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... been produced if the probes had activated toll-like receptors in the dendritic cells directly. The work suggests that fibroblastinitiated activation of dendritic cells could play a key role in inflammation and might be a useful target for anti-inflammatory agents or vaccine adjuvants. Esser-Kahn tol ...
... been produced if the probes had activated toll-like receptors in the dendritic cells directly. The work suggests that fibroblastinitiated activation of dendritic cells could play a key role in inflammation and might be a useful target for anti-inflammatory agents or vaccine adjuvants. Esser-Kahn tol ...
Diseases of Immunity
... CD4+ T cells are called "helper" T cells because they secrete soluble molecules (cytokines) that influence all other cells of the immune system. CD 4 T cells are divided into two types (T- helper1 & T-helper 2) The CD 8 T cells are called cytotoxic cells. They play an important role in directly ...
... CD4+ T cells are called "helper" T cells because they secrete soluble molecules (cytokines) that influence all other cells of the immune system. CD 4 T cells are divided into two types (T- helper1 & T-helper 2) The CD 8 T cells are called cytotoxic cells. They play an important role in directly ...
Mucosal Immunity Part 2
... • NODs (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) recognize microbial components found in cytosol • NODS are intracellular pattern recognition receptors • NODs bind peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls • NODs lead to activation of Caspase-1, cleavage of inactive forms of IL-1 (and other related cy ...
... • NODs (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) recognize microbial components found in cytosol • NODS are intracellular pattern recognition receptors • NODs bind peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls • NODs lead to activation of Caspase-1, cleavage of inactive forms of IL-1 (and other related cy ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.